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The International Telecommunication Union announced a new color gamut standard of broadcast service television (BT 2020) for ultra-high-definition TV in 2012. To satisfy the wide-color gamut standard of BT 2020, monochromatic red (R), green (G), and blue (B) emissions require a small full width at half-maximum, which is an important property for improving color purity. Although organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are currently one of the main types of display technologies, their broad emission via strong vibronic coupling between ground and excited states is a major hurdle to overcome in the development of next-generation wide-color gamut displays. Thus, the development of OLED emitters with narrowband R–G–B emissions is of great significance. In this review, the recent progress in the development of OLED materials with narrowband emission is summarized by grouping them into fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters to reveal the correlation between molecular structures, optical properties, and device characteristics. We discuss rational molecular design strategies to achieve narrow photoluminescence and electroluminescence and the underlying mechanisms for controlling the emission bandwidth. Finally, the challenges in the realization of wide-color gamut OLED displays and the future prospects of such devices are discussed.Optoelectronics: An organic route to higher optical purityOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity could be used in the next generation of high-definition televisions. The most widely used semiconductor, silicon, is an inorganic material but a wide range of organic alternatives are now emerging. These alternatives are especially in demand for light-emitting applications, where the performance of silicon is poor. Ji-Eun Jeong, Han Young Woo and colleagues from Korea University in Seoul, South Korea, reviewed recent progress in the development of OLEDs. An OLED tends to emit light over a relatively broad spectrum. This lack of color purity limits the device’s use in future ultra-high-definition TVs. The team presented an overview of the various molecular design strategies that have been used to reduce emission bandwidth and the physical mechanisms forming the basis of these strategies.With a growing demand for new emitters to realize ultra-high-definition displays, various types of organic emitters with narrow emission and high luminescent efficiency have been extensively studied. In this review, we summarized the recent developments of organic emitters (fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delayed fluorescent) which show narrowband emission spectra with full-width half-maximum smaller than 50 nm.

Background and aimsAdenoma detection rate (ADR) has been shown to correlate with interval cancers after screening colonoscopy and is commonly used as surrogate parameter for its outcome quality. ADR improvements by various techniques have been studied in randomised trials using either parallel or tandem methodololgy.MethodsA systematic literature search was done on randomised trials (full papers, English language) on tandem or parallel studies using either adenoma miss rates (AMR) or ADR as main outcome to test different novel technologies on imaging (new endoscope generation, narrow band imaging, iScan, Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy/blue laser imaging and wide angle scopes) and mechanical devices (transparent caps, endocuff, endorings and balloons). Available meta analyses were also screened for randomised studies.ResultsOverall, 24 randomised tandem trials with AMR (variable definitions and methodology) and 42 parallel studies using ADR (homogeneous methodology) as primary outcome were included. Significant differences in favour of the new method were found in 66.7% of tandem studies (8222 patients) but in only 23.8% of parallel studies (28 059 patients), with higher rates of positive studies for mechanical devices than for imaging methods. In a random-effects model, small absolute risk differences were found, but these were double in magnitude for tandem as compared with parallel studies (imaging: tandem 0.04 (0.01, 0.07), parallel 0.02 (0.00, 0.04); mechanical devices: tandem 0.08 (0.00, 0.15), parallel 0.04 (0.01, 0.07)). Nevertheless, 94.2% of missed adenomas in the tandem studies were small (<1 cm) and/or non-advanced.ConclusionsA tandem study is more likely to yield positive results than a simple parallel trial; this may be due to the use of different parameters, variable definitions and methodology, and perhaps also a higher likelihood of bias. Therefore, we suggest to accept positive results of tandem studies only if accompanied by positive results from parallel trials.

This work deals with the structure of TV channels that are distributed from satellite positions where DTH platforms offer their services in European countries. The structure is being considered via service availability (FTA and PAY TV), resolution (SDTV, HDTV and UHDTV), standards of broadcasting (DVB-S and DVB-S2), satellites and satellite positions, as well as market share of leading satellite operators at European market through which DTH providers do their services to the ultimate users. We also represent the market of TV channel distribution through the number of household which use cable, satellite, terrestrial and IPTV. Collected data are represented as a table and graph for the period from 1996 to 2020.

The authors report on a real‐time 48‐Gbit/s terahertz band wireless communication experiment employing a pair of resonant tunnelling diodes at the receiver and uni‐travelling carrier photodiodes at the transmitter. The wireless transmission of uncompressed full‐resolution 8K ultra high‐definition television video signal is successfully demonstrated in the 300‐GHz band for the first time.

Innovative technology of HDTV-borating, that is distinguished by high hardness, strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance occupies a special place among the hardening processes for steels and construction materials. During the new technology process HDTV-boration of structural steel 65Mn (65Г in Russian) under a mix layer of charge mixture based on fused borate fluxing agent P-0.66, boron carbide and intermetallic compounds FexAly, NixAly. Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, spectrography and metallography, the composition and structure of coatings were determined, the microhardness distribution over the coating thickness was studied. In the coatings, new phases of intermetallic compounds, the double superhard boride Fe2AlB2, were found; in the coatings, the base iron boride is FeB, what leads to an increase in their hardness and wear resistance. Modification of boride coatings formed by intermetallic compounds with melting temperatures close to the process temperature of HFC surfacing leads to a decrease in the cracks number and the appearance of new consumer qualities of the material.

For many years, passive optical networks (PONs) have received a considerable amount of attraction regarding their potential for providing broadband connectivity to almost every citizen, especially in remote areas where fiber optics can attract people to populate regions that have been abandoned. Error-free connectivity without dropouts can offer new opportunities to communicate, earn money and enjoy cultural events. Transmission speeds are multigigabit with distances of a few tens of kilometers; these specifications were previously reserved for high-speed and long-haul backbone networks. PONs can also support a new class of applications, such as accurate time transfer or distributed fiber sensing and follow new trends in open networking. An outline of past and current standards and standards that have been proposed for the latest generation of multigigabit PONs is provided.

The increasing demand for high-speed information transmission as a result of adoption of wide variety of multimedia applications including high-definition television, social networking, and live streaming etc. has challenged the service providers. The conventional wireless transmission systems based on radio frequency are unable to meet the high channel capacity requirements. We design and demonstrate a novel radio-over-free space optics (RoFSO) communication system using hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing (WDM-MDM). The present RoFSO system consists of four transmitter subsections, four-channel MDM multiplexer/demultiplexer, four-channel WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer, and four receiver subsections. Each channel uses four distinct spatial modes (HG00, HG01, HG02, and HG11) which transport independent 10-Gb/s-10-GHz information over a wavelength range of 850–852.4 nm. We achieved a net system transmission rate of [4 λ × (4 modes) × (10 Gb/s-10 GHz)] i.e. 160-Gb/s-160-GHz. Also, we demonstrate the WDM-MDM-based RoFSO link performance and availability under clear and dust weather conditions using bit error rate, maximum reachable link range and eye diagrams as key performance evaluation parameters. The results showed a successful data transfer through 8 km clear weather free-space channel and 88 m dense dust weather conditions, respectively. Subsequently, the results show the feasibility of presented system in the implementation of high-speed ultra-dense cellular/data 5G networks (above 6 GHz) and smart city applications.

Terrestrial, satellite, and internet High Definition (HD) and Ultra High Definition (UHD) broadcasting have experienced notable advancements in recent years, yet the potential within the DTV Essential Hidden Area (DEHA) in each frame remains largely untapped. This study focuses on exploring and harnessing the capabilities of the DEHA via the introduction of a DEHA decoder. Through experimental analysis, the proposed decoder effectively reveals previously unnoticed DEHA in diverse HDTV broadcasting systems. By incorporating overlaid three-digit values, DEHA text, a 16 × 15 checked board pattern, and a QR code, the decoder enables the easy identification and extraction of the embedded DEHA service. Furthermore, the research investigates the potential of utilizing the embedded DEHA for transmitting program-related metadata, encompassing technical information, specific camera details, and post-production technologies. Leveraging a checked pattern block image, a seamless and efficient transfer mechanism within the embedded DEHA is established. The utilization of the embedded DEHA holds promising opportunities for enhancing DTV service, leveraging its inherent synchronization advantages within video content. Moreover, compliance with established broadcasting standards, such as ATSC, ISDB, and DVB, ensures compatibility and interoperability. This study emphasizes the significance of the DEHA in terrestrial, satellite, and internet broadcasting, unveiling new possibilities for innovation and improvement in the industry.

Video super-resolution is currently one of the most active research topics in computer vision as it plays an important role in many visual applications. Generally, video super-resolution contains a significant component, i.e., motion compensation, which is used to estimate the displacement between successive video frames for temporal alignment. Optical flow, which can supply dense and sub-pixel motion between consecutive frames, is among the most common ways for this task. To obtain a good understanding of the effect that optical flow acts in video super-resolution, in this work, we conduct a comprehensive review on this subject for the first time. This investigation covers the following major topics: the function of super-resolution (i.e., why we require super-resolution); the concept of video super-resolution (i.e., what is video super-resolution); the description of evaluation metrics (i.e., how (video) super-resolution performs); the introduction of optical flow based video super-resolution; the investigation of using optical flow to capture temporal dependency for video super-resolution. Prominently, we give an in-depth study of the deep learning based video super-resolution method, where some representative algorithms are analyzed and compared. Additionally, we highlight some promising research directions and open issues that should be further addressed.

On August 20 th , 2019, at the Beijing International Radio, TV & Film Exhibition, the Central Radio and Television General Station announced the 5G+4K/8K+AI strategy, including four main parts: integrated broadcasting, ultra-high-definition television, mobile new media and artificial intelligence. CCTV is now comprehensively abandoning standard production system to achieve comprehensive high-definition, comprehensively promoting the development of 4K/8K, building the first national 5G new media platform, combing artificial intelligence with media, and building a new strategic layout. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Chinese National Day, the Central Radio and Television Station integrated various television channels, broadcast frequency, and website platforms, carried out panoramic and three-dimensional live and broadcast, realized the whole process of 5G+4K ultra-high-definition and 5.1 stereo live broadcast, and provided a new audio-visual experience for end users. This article will take 2019 National Day 70th Anniversary publicity report as an example, excavate the characteristics and advantages of 5G+4K/8K+AI strategic layout, and discuss the development trends and predicament of the initial stage of strategic layout.