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Since the European Year of Cultural Heritage, adaptive reuse is considered a strategy for intervention on historical buildings and territories to preserve and enhance artifacts, cities, and communities. Adaptive reuse can also generate social and economic benefits. This work looks at adaptive reuse in the context of industrial heritage, which represents an excellent test benchmark because of its intrinsic architectural characteristics and its localization in the city suburbs. The paper puts forward a methodological approach, verified through the application to a case study, which analyzes both the local context and the building. This study concludes using the data obtained to define an adaptive reuse project with positive repercussions for the community, the environment, and the local economy.

Introduction: inline speed skating remains underexplored in scientific literature, especially on curved sections of the track. Objective: given its biomechanical similarities to ice speed skating, this systematic review aims to synthesize current research on biomechanic variables, motor patterns, and observational methodologies. Methodology: following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science and PubMed using comprehensive Boolean expressions targeting skating performance and biomechanics. Results: a total of 5825 articles were initially identified, with 4581 unique records screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on inline or ice speed skating technique during curves. Discussion: the studies analyzed push-off mechanics, leg asymmetry, body tilt, stroke frequency, and trajectory. Video capture methodologies were consistently employed, often synchronized with electromyographic and force measurement tools. Asymmetric push-off behavior, particularly greater contribution from the left leg during the curve, was a key finding. Trajectory optimization and inward tilt were also correlated with enhanced performance. Conclusions: the review highlights that biomechanical asymmetries, especially during crossover techniques, play a critical role in speed maintenance through curves. Consistent trunk-pelvis alignment and skating close to the inner curve line were associated with better outcomes. Future research should prioritize inline skating studies, standardize testing protocols, and expand sample sizes to better inform sport-specific training practices. Introducción: el patinaje de velocidad en línea sigue siendo poco explorado en la literatura científica, especialmente en las secciones curvas de la pista. Objetivo: dadas sus similitudes biomecánicas con el patinaje de velocidad sobre hielo, esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo sintetizar la información actual sobre variables biomecánicas, patrones motores y metodologías de observación. Metodología: siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Web of Science y PubMed utilizando expresiones booleanas exhaustivas orientadas al rendimiento en el patinaje y la biomecánica. Resultados: se identificaron inicialmente 5825 artículos, de los cuales se examinaron 4581 registros únicos. Nueve estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, centrados en la técnica del patinaje de velocidad en línea o sobre hielo durante curvas. Discusión: los estudios analizaron la mecánica de impulso, la asimetría de las piernas, la inclinación corporal, la frecuencia de zancada y la trayectoria. Las metodologías de captura de vídeo se emplearon de forma constante, a menudo sincronizadas con herramientas de electromiografía y medición de fuerza. Un hallazgo clave fue el comportamiento asimétrico del impulso, en particular una mayor contribución de la pierna izquierda durante la curva. La optimización de la trayectoria y la inclinación hacia el interior también se correlacionaron con un mejor rendimiento. Conclusiones: la revisión destaca que las asimetrías biomecánicas, especialmente durante las técnicas de cruce, desempeñan un papel crítico en el mantenimiento de la velocidad en curvas. La alineación constante del tronco y la pelvis, así como el patinaje cercano a la línea interna de la curva, se asociaron con mejores resultados. Las investigaciones futuras deberían priorizar los estudios sobre patinaje en línea, estandarizar los protocolos de prueba y ampliar el tamaño de las muestras para mejorar las prácticas de entrenamiento específicas del deporte. Introdução: A patinagem de velocidade em linha permanece pouco explorada na literatura científica, particularmente nas secções curvas da pista. Objectivo: Dadas as suas semelhanças biomecânicas com a patinagem de velocidade no gelo, esta revisão sistemática visa sintetizar a informação actual sobre variáveis ​​biomecânicas, padrões de movimento e metodologias de observação. Metodologia: Seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA, foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática no Web of Science e PubMed utilizando expressões booleanas abrangentes, com foco no desempenho na patinagem e na biomecânica. Resultados: Inicialmente, foram identificados 5825 artigos, dos quais foram examinados 4581 registos únicos. Nove estudos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão, com foco na técnica de patinagem de velocidade em linha ou no gelo durante as curvas. Discussão: Os estudos analisaram a mecânica da propulsão, a assimetria das pernas, a inclinação do corpo, a frequência da passada e a trajetória. As metodologias de captura de vídeo foram empregues de forma consistente, frequentemente sincronizadas com a eletromiografia e as ferramentas de medição de força. Uma descoberta fundamental foi o comportamento assimétrico da propulsão, particularmente uma maior contribuição da perna esquerda durante a curva. A otimização da trajetória e a inclinação para dentro também foram correlacionadas com um melhor desempenho. Conclusões: Esta revisão realça que as assimetrias biomecânicas, especialmente durante as técnicas de cruzamento, desempenham um papel crucial na manutenção da velocidade em curva. O alinhamento consistente do tronco e da bacia, bem como a patinagem junto à linha interna da curva, estiveram associados a melhores resultados. Pesquisas futuras devem priorizar estudos sobre patinagem em linha, padronizar os protocolos de teste e aumentar o tamanho das amostras para melhorar as práticas de treino específicas para o desporto.

Introduction: Recovery is a vital component of physical activity, serving to restore the body’s physiological equilibrium after intense exertion. However, effective and efficient models of recovery therapy remain underreported in current literature. Objective: This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effects of ice bath therapy following high-intensity exercise on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and creatine kinase (CK) activity in adolescent males. Methodology: Twenty male undergraduate students (n = 20; aged 19–22 years) majoring in Football Coaching at the Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), participated in this study. They received ice bath therapy (IBT) after high-intensity exercise for four weeks. IL-6 concentrations were measured using an ELISA Kit, MDA levels with a Colorimetric Assay Kit, and CK activity with an Activity Assay Kit. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used, and Cohen’s d was calculated to determine effect size at a 95% confidence level. Results: Significant reductions were observed in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 29.49 %, Malondialdehyde (MDA) by 37.75 %, and CK activity by 84.45 % after intervention in the IBT group (all p ≤ 0.05). Between-group comparisons also revealed significant differences in all three biomarkers (all p ≤ 0.05), with large to very large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1.7), indicating a strong impact of the therapy. Conclusions: Ice bath therapy after high-intensity exercise can be an effective therapy model in significantly reducing levels of IL-6, MDA, and CK activity in adolescent males. Introducción: La recuperación es un componente vital de la actividad física, ya que sirve para restablecer el equilibrio fisiológico del cuerpo tras un esfuerzo intenso. Sin embargo, en la literatura actual, aún no se han publicado modelos eficaces y eficientes de terapia de recuperación.  Objetivo: Este estudio cuasi-experimental tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos de la terapia con baño de hielo después del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre los marcadores de inflamación, estrés oxidativo y actividad de la creatina quinasa (CK) en varones adolescentes. Metodología: Participaron veinte estudiantes universitarios varones (n = 20; entre 19 y 22 años) del programa de Formación en Fútbol de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Salud de la Universidad Estatal de Surabaya (UNESA). Recibieron terapia con baño de hielo (IBT) después del ejercicio intenso durante cuatro semanas. Las concentraciones de IL-6 se midieron con un kit ELISA, los niveles de MDA con un kit colorimétrico y la actividad de CK con un kit de ensayo de actividad. Se utilizaron pruebas t para muestras apareadas e independientes y se calculó el tamaño del efecto (Cohen’s d) con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: Se observaron reducciones significativas en IL-6 (29.49 %), MDA (37.75 %) y actividad de CK (84.45 %) tras la intervención en el grupo IBT (todos p ≤ 0,005). También se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en los tres biomarcadores (todos p ≤ 0,05), con tamaños del efecto grandes a muy grandes (Cohen’s d > 1,7), lo que indica un fuerte impacto de la terapia. Conclusiones: La terapia de baño de hielo después del ejercicio de alta intensidad puede ser un modelo terapéutico eficaz para reducir significativamente los niveles de actividad de IL-6, MDA y CK en varones adolescentes. Introdução: A recuperação é uma componente vital da atividade física, pois serve para restaurar o equilíbrio fisiológico do organismo após o exercício intenso. No entanto, modelos eficazes e eficientes de terapia de recuperação ainda não foram publicados na literatura atual.Objectivo: Este estudo quase experimental teve como objectivo examinar os efeitos da terapia com banho de gelo após exercício de alta intensidade nos marcadores de inflamação, stress oxidativo e actividade da creatina quinase (CK) em adolescentes do sexo masculino.Metodologia: Participaram vinte estudantes universitários do sexo masculino (n = 20; idades entre os 19 e os 22 anos) do Programa de Treino de Futebol da Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e da Saúde da Universidade Estadual de Surabaya (UNESA). Receberam terapia com banho de gelo (TII) após exercício intenso durante quatro semanas. As concentrações de IL-6 foram medidas utilizando um kit ELISA, os níveis de MDA utilizando um kit colorimétrico e a atividade da CK utilizando um kit de ensaio de atividade. Foram utilizados testes t emparelhados e independentes, e os tamanhos de efeito (d de Cohen) foram calculados com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%.Resultados: Foram observadas reduções significativas na atividade da IL-6 (29,49%), MDA (37,75%) e CK (84,45%) após a intervenção no grupo TBI (todos p ≤ 0,005). Foram também observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em todos os três biomarcadores (todos p ≤ 0,05), com tamanhos de efeito grandes a muito grandes (d de Cohen > 1,7), indicando um forte impacto da terapêutica.Conclusões: A terapia com banho de gelo após exercício de alta intensidade pode ser um modelo terapêutico eficaz para reduzir significativamente os níveis de atividade da IL-6, MDA e CK em adolescentes do sexo masculino.

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in quality of fresh produce when exported at ice temperature and general temperature. Twenty-eight different types of fresh produce were exported from Japan to Singapore simultaneously in a precise temperature-controlled reefer container set at 0°C and a regular reefer container set at 5°C. In Singapore, we used instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation to compare the quality of fresh produce. The growth of molds on figs and grapes (\"Shine Muscat\") that were transported at 0°C was inhibited. Additionally, the growth of aerial mycelia on the shafts of shiitake mushrooms was inhibited. Consequently, the saleable quality rate increased upon transportation increased at 0°C. The comparison of appearance by sensory evaluation revealed that nine items, including leafy vegetables and mushrooms, transported at 0°C were preferred over those transported at 5 °C.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the menthol package (lip hydration and ice popsicles) compared to a package of non-menthol measures (lip hydration and ice popsicles) as a way to relieve thirst in patients in the Anesthetic Recovery Room. Method: Randomized and parallel trial study, with 120 patients randomized patients in an experimental group - menthol measurements (n=59) and control group - measures without menthol (n = 61). Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in intensity, hydration, dryness and taste in the oral cavity between the three moments of assessment/intervention in the two groups. The difference was significant in the experimental group for thirst intensity at the second assessment/intervention point (p<0.05) after a single administration of the menthol package. Conclusion: There was a reduction in thirst intensity in both groups. Patients who received menthol packages showed a significant decrease in intensity after a single evaluation/intervention time. NCT: 02869139. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del paquete de medidas mentoladas (hidratación labial y picolé de hielo) comparado a un paquete de medidas no mentoladas (hidratación labial y picolé de hielo) como un método de alivio de la sed en pacientes en la Sala de Recuperación Post-Anestésica. Método: En un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, paralelo, 120 pacientes aleatorizados en un grupo experimental - medidas mentoladas (n=59) y un grupo control - medidas sin el mentol (n=61). Resultados: Hubo una disminución significativa (p<0,05) sobre la intensidad, hidratación, sequedad y gusto en la cavidad oral entre los tres momentos de evaluación/intervención en los dos grupos, indistintamente. La diferencia fue significativa en el grupo experimental para la intensidad de la sed en el segundo momento de la evaluación/intervención (p<0,05) después de una única administración del paquete de medidas mentoladas. Conclusión: Se encontró una reducción de la intensidad de la sed en los dos grupos. Los pacientes que recibieron las medidas mentoladas presentaron una disminución significativa de la intensidad después de un único momento de evaluación/intervención. NCT: 02869139. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do pacote de medidas mentoladas (hidratação labial e picolé de gelo) comparado a um pacote de medidas não mentoladas (hidratação labial e picolé de gelo) como método de alívio da sede em pacientes na Sala de Recuperação Anestésica. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, 120 pacientes aleatorizados em grupo experimental - medidas mentoladas (n=59) e grupo controle - medidas sem o mentol (n=61). Resultados: Houve diminuição significativa (p<0,05) sobre a intensidade, hidratação, secura e gosto na cavidade oral entre os três momentos de avaliação/intervenção nos dois grupos indistintamente. A diferença foi significativa no grupo experimental para intensidade da sede no segundo momento de avaliação/intervenção (p<0,05) após uma única administração do pacote de medidas mentoladas. Conclusão: Houve redução da intensidade da sede nos dois grupos. Os pacientes que receberam as medidas mentoladas apresentaram diminuição significativa da intensidade após um único momento de avaliação/intervenção. A NCT: 02869139.

Climate change is challenging the notions of permanency and stability on which the ideal of the sovereign, territorial state historically has rested. Nowhere is this challenge more pressing than in the Arctic. As states expand their sovereignty claims northward in pursuit of potential opportunities (in many cases made possible by climate change), these same states are being confronted with the region's increasing territorial indeterminacy (which also is exacerbated by climate change). To investigate how climate change is challenging the territorial imaginaries around which notions of sovereignty historically have been based, we turn to three debates in the contemporary Arctic: the question of sovereignty in the Northwest Passage, conflicts over territorial control in the Arctic Ocean, and the potential for enhanced multilateral governance. Through our study of these debates we engage the Arctic both as a region that is undergoing climate change's most extreme impacts and as a laboratory for understanding how these and similar impacts might modify the spatial organization of political authority across the world.

The changes in physicochemical properties of salt-soluble proteins and gel prepared with chicken breast muscles during −1.5 o C (ice-temperature) and 4 o C (refrigerated temperature) storage were investigated. Compared with the samples of 4 o C stored group, the decrease in solubility, the content of total sulfhydryl and available sulfhydryl groups of SSP from chicken breast muscles at −1.5 o C storage was effectively delayed, and the increase of both surface hydrophobicity and content of disulfide bond was obviously inhibited. The gel prepared with −1.5 o C stored samples had much higher holding capacity of water, lower cooking loss, better springiness, and more uniform three-dimensional network structures with smaller-sized pores than those from 4°C stored-samples. Additionally, great changes in the proportions of non-flowing water and free water ratio were observed during 4 o C storage. In short, the ice-temperature storage used for chicken meat preservation was better than refrigerated storage.

Pre-Columbian farmers of the Neotropical lowlands numbered an estimated 25 million by 1492, with at least 80 percent living within forest biomes. It is now well established that significant areas of Neotropical forests were cleared and burned to facilitate agricultural activities before the arrival of Europeans. Paleoecological and archaeological evidence shows that demographic pressure on forest resources-facilitated by anthropogenic burning-increased steadily throughout the Late Holocene, peaking when Europeans arrived in the late fifteenth century. The introduction of Old World diseases led to recurrent epidemics and resulted in an unprecedented population crash throughout the Neotropics. The rapid demographic collapse was mostly complete by 1650, by which time it is estimated that about 95 percent of all indigenous inhabitants of the region had perished. We review fire history records from throughout the Neotropical lowlands and report new high-resolution charcoal records and demographic estimates that together support the idea that the Neotropical lowlands went from being a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere before Columbus to a net carbon sink for several centuries following the Columbian encounter. We argue that the regrowth of Neotropical forests following the Columbian encounter led to terrestrial biospheric carbon sequestration on the order of 2 to 5 Pg C, thereby contributing to the well-documented decrease in atmospheric CO 2 recorded in Antarctic ice cores from about 1500 through 1750, a trend previously attributed exclusively to decreases in solar irradiance and an increase in global volcanic activity. We conclude that the post-Columbian carbon sequestration event was a significant forcing mechanism of Little Ice Age cooling.

Objetivo: estudiar la vinculación entre la variabilidad climática que caracterizó a la Pequeña Edad de Hielo y las políticas de abastecimiento de grano de las ciudades bajo la Monarquía Hispánica. Metodología: tras un análisis exhaustivo de las actas del cabildo de México desde 1524 a 1630, se presentan los patrones de comportamiento ante la falta de granos por problemas meteorológicos y se compara estos patrones con otros documentos y actas de cabildos de 1505 a 1759, pertenecientes a los reinos de Castilla e Indias. Originalidad: las políticas frumentarias suelen ser analizadas en un marco temporal de corta duración, como, por ejemplo, durante un motín del pan. Asimismo, se centran en una ciudad o en una región de los dominios de la Monarquía Hispánica. Este trabajo analiza estas políticas con una perspectiva temporal de larga duración y abarcando el máximo posible de estos territorios. Conclusiones: todos los cabildos disponían de las mismas siete políticas a implementar cuando había falta de grano por problemas climatológicos. Estas políticas buscaban evitar motines abasteciendo de grano, trigo y maíz, a los precios más baratos. No había diferencias sustanciales entre las ciudades, a no ser que fuesen impuestas por la propia orografía y climatología. Estas no fueron modificadas desde 1505 hasta 1759. Cómo se aplicaban estas políticas dependía de múltiples factores (persistencia del problema climático, precios de los granos, reservas en la ciudad, etc.) que hacían que no fueran empleadas como una receta.

Climate change and invasive species are often treated as important, but independent, issues. Nevertheless, they have strong connections: changes in climate and societal responses to climate change may exacerbate the impacts of invasive species, whereas invasive species may affect the magnitude, rate, and impact of climate change. We argue that the design and implementation of climate-change policy in the United States should specifically consider the implications for invasive species; conversely, invasive-species policy should address consequences for climate change. The development of such policies should be based on (1) characterization of interactions between invasive species and climate change, (2) identification of areas where climate-change policies could negatively affect invasive-species management, and (3) identification of areas where policies could benefit from synergies between climate change and invasive-species management.