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Justice and the Interstates
When the U.S. interstate system was constructed, spurred by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, many highways were purposefully routed through Black, Brown, and poor communities. These neighborhoods were destroyed, isolated from the rest of the city, or left to deteriorate over time.
Edited by Ryan Reft, Amanda Phillips de Lucas, and Rebecca Retzlaff, Justice and the Interstates examines the toll that the construction of the U.S. Interstate Highway System has taken on vulnerable communities over the past seven decades, details efforts to restore these often- segregated communities, and makes recommendations for moving forward. It opens up new areas for historical inquiry, while also calling on engineers, urban planners, transportation professionals, and policymakers to account for the legacies of their practices.
The chapters, written by diverse experts and thought leaders, look at different topics related to justice and the highway system, including:
A history of how White supremacists used interstate highway routing in Alabama to disrupt the civil rights movement
The impact of the highway in the Bronzeville area of Milwaukee
How the East Los Angeles Interchange disrupted Eastside communities and displaced countless Latino households
Efforts to restore the Rondo neighborhood of St. Paul
Justice and the Interstates provides a concise but in-depth examination of the damages wrought by highway construction on the nation’s communities of color. Community advocates, transportation planners, engineers, historians, and policymakers will find a way forward to both address this history and reconcile it with current practices.
eBook
Interstate
This new, expanded edition brings the story of the
Interstates into the twenty-first century. It includes an
account of the destruction of homes, businesses, and
communities as the urban expressways of the highway network
destroyed large portions of the nation’s central cities.
Mohl and Rose analyze the subsequent urban freeway revolts,
when citizen protest groups battled highway builders in San
Francisco, Baltimore, Memphis, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and
other cities. Their detailed research in the archival records
of the Bureau of Public Roads, the Federal Highway
Administration, and the U.S. Department of Transportation
brings to light significant evidence of federal action to tame
the spreading freeway revolts, curb the authority of state
highway engineers, and promote the devolution of transportation
decision making to the state and regional level. They analyze
the passage of congressional legislation in the 1990s,
especially the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
(ISTEA), that initiated a major shift of Highway Trust Fund
dollars to mass transit and light rail, as well as to hiking
trails and bike lanes. Mohl and Rose conclude with the
surprising popularity of the recent freeway teardown movement,
an effort to replace deteriorating, environmentally damaging,
and sometimes dangerous elevated expressway segments through
the inner cities. Sometimes led by former anti-highway
activists of the 1960s and 1970s, teardown movements aim to
restore the urban street grid, provide space for new streetcar
lines, and promote urban revitalization efforts. This revised
edition continues to be marked by accessible writing and solid
research by two well-known scholars.
eBook
Roads and Trade: Evidence from the US
We estimate the effect of interstate highways on the level and composition of trade for US cities. Highways within cities have a large effect on the weight of city exports with an elasticity of approximately 0.5. We find little effect of highways on the total value of exports. Consistent with this, we find that cities with more highways specialize in sectors producing heavy goods.
Journal Article
The folklore of the freeway : race and revolt in the modernist city
\" When the interstate highway program connected America's cities, it also divided them, cutting through and destroying countless communities. Affluent and predominantly white residents fought back in a much heralded \"freeway revolt,\" saving such historic neighborhoods as Greenwich Village and New Orleans's French Quarter. This book tells of the other revolt, a movement of creative opposition, commemoration, and preservation staged on behalf of the mostly minority urban neighborhoods that lacked the political and economic power to resist the onslaught of highway construction.Within the context of the larger historical forces of the 1960s and 1970s, Eric Avila maps the creative strategies devised by urban communities to document and protest the damage that highways wrought. The works of Chicanas and other women of color--from the commemorative poetry of Patricia Preciado Martin and Lorna Dee Cervantes to the fiction of Helena Maria Viramontes to the underpass murals of Judy Baca--expose highway construction as not only a racist but also a sexist enterprise. In colorful paintings, East Los Angeles artists such as David Botello, Carlos Almaraz, and Frank Romero satirize, criticize, and aestheticize the structure of the freeway. Local artists paint murals on the concrete piers of a highway interchange in San Diego's Chicano Park. The Rondo Days Festival in St. Paul, Minnesota, and the Black Archives, History, and Research Foundation in the Overtown neighborhood of Miami preserve and celebrate the memories of historic African American communities lost to the freeway.Bringing such efforts to the fore in the story of the freeway revolt, The Folklore of the Freeway moves beyond a simplistic narrative of victimization. Losers, perhaps, in their fight against the freeway, the diverse communities at the center of the book nonetheless generate powerful cultural forces that shape our understanding of the urban landscape and influence the shifting priorities of contemporary urban policy. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Writing Blue highways : the story of how a book happened
The story behind the writing of the best-selling Blue Highways is as fascinating as the epic trip itself. More than thirty years after his 14,000-mile, 38-state journey, William Least Heat-Moon reflects on the four years he spent capturing the lessons of the road trip on paper--the stops and starts in his composition process, the numerous drafts and painstaking revisions, the depressing string of rejections by publishers, the strains on his personal relationships, and many other aspects of the toil that went into writing his first book. Along the way, he traces the hard lessons learned and offers guidance to aspiring and experienced writers alike.
BOOK
Konzeption und Entwicklung eines Preview-Systems durch Backend-Daten zur Verbesserung der Komforteigenschaften eines Fahrzeugs mit geregelten Vertikaldynamiksystemen
Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die konkrete Umsetzung einer vorausschauenden adaptiven (=präadaptiven) Fahrwerksregelung im Automobilbereich mit dem Schwerpunkt der Schwarmdatengenerierung und -verarbeitung von Streckendaten zur Fahrbahnprädiktion im Fahrzeug. Hierzu wird ein serientaugliches cloudbasiertes präadaptives Regelungskonzept entwickelt, welches die vorhandenen aktiven und semi-aktiven Fahrwerkregelsysteme mit den generierten prädiktiven Streckendaten kombiniert. Ziel ist es, vorhandene Vertikaldynamiksysteme in allen Fahrzeugen bzw. einer ausgewählten Fahrzeugflotte durch vorausschauende Streckeninformationen zu unterstützen, sodass diese im Vorfeld von Ereignissen entsprechende Maßnahmen einleiten können. Die Optimierung der Fahrwerksysteme erfolgt dabei durch präadaptive Parametrierung des Regelgesetzes.
eBook