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Background: Prolonged postprandial hyperlipemia (PPL) and hyperglycemia (PPG) are important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Although physical exercise improves lipid profile and glucose tolerance, thus reducing cardiovascular risk, the effects of fasting exercise in adolescents need to be investigated. Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of fasted aerobic exercise on the magnitude of PPL and glycemic responses to isocaloric meals in adolescents. Methods: A randomized crossover clinical trial in which 13 healthy and eutrophic adolescents, aged 14.5 ± 1.3 years, performed three interventions (washout period = 7 days): 45 minutes of rest (REST); 45 minutes of moderate-intensity fasting (MI); and a calorie-matched high-intensity aerobic exercise session (HI). Subjects were serially assessed for blood triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose levels. Results: Regarding PPL, the MI protocol induced triglycerides reductions compared to REST only at 105 min (70.1 ± 10.3 vs 95.4 ± 30.2; p=0.006) and compared to both HI and REST at 135 min (68.4 ± 14.4 vs 91.5 ± 24.9 vs 93.7 ± 21.2 p<0.02). No differences in iAUC were observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that calorie-matched moderate and high-intensity fasting aerobic exercise has no acute effect on PPL responsiveness in adolescents.

Background. Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods. We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results. The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -32; P0.001). The respective reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were 14.1 percent in the sitostanol group and 1.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in LDL cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -21 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -14 to -29; P0.001). Neither serum triglyceride nor high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were affected by sitostanol. Serum campesterol, a dietary plant sterol whose levels reflect cholesterol absorption, was decreased by 36 percent in the sitostanol group, and the reduction was directly correlated with the reduction in total cholesterol (r

Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. S M Haffner Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7873, USA. Abstract Subjects with diabetes have a greatly increased risk of CHD, which is only partially related to their elevated glucose. Other factors such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are likely to be important. The type of dyslipidemia that is most characteristic of type 2 diabetic subjects is elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels, although all lipoproteins have compositional abnormalities. Surprisingly few good prospective studies of lipoprotein levels in relation to CHD have been done in diabetic subjects. Available studies suggest that low HDL cholesterol may be the most important risk factor for CHD in observational studies. In studies in which total cholesterol and triglyceride were done, cholesterol and triglycerides were risk factors for CHD, although triglycerides were often a stronger predictor. However, the strength of triglyceride as a risk factor for CHD may depend partially on its association with other variables (e.g., hypertension, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI-1], etc.). In clinical trials in diabetic subjects, LDL reduction with statins has led to significant reductions in CHD incidence. In addition, overall mortality was reduced with statin therapy, although the results were not statistically significant. Gemfibrozil has led to reductions in CHD incidence in diabetic subjects, although the results were not statistically significant perhaps because of low sample size. Regarding lipoproteins and CHD risk in diabetic patients, the very positive results of statin trials point to LDL cholesterol being more important than previous realized. Apparently, having a borderline high LDL cholesterol (between 130 and 160 mg/dl) in a diabetic patient is equivalent to a much higher LDL cholesterol in terms of CHD risk for a nondiabetic subject. Therefore, the primary target of therapy in diabetic patients is lowering LDL cholesterol (or possibly, non-HDL cholesterol). Statins are the preferred pharmacological agent in this situation. Once LDL cholesterol levels have been lowered, attention can be given to treatment of residual hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL. The goal here is weight reduction and increased exercise. However, for selected patients, combining a fibric acid (or low-dose nicotinic acid) with a statin also can be considered. Reduction of LDL levels should take priority over reduction of triglycerides in combined hyperlipidemia because of the proven safety of the statin class of drugs as well as greater reduction in CHD incidence.

Dyslipidemia and obesity are modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular risk. To determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia in health care workers. Cross-sectional study was conducted. It carried out a sampling random with affixation proportional. The sample size was 123 health care workers. Body mass index and waist circumference anthropometric technique was evaluated. Considered high total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, high LDL-C> 100 mg/dl, low HDL-C (men HDL-C<40 mg/dL and women HDL-C<50 mg/dl), and triglycerides≥ 150 md/d. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 30.1%, 40.5% triglycerides, 69.3% low HDL-C, high LDL-C 55.2%, and global dyslipidemia was 87.7%. The median triglycerides (p = 0.034) and LDL-C was higher in males than in females (p=0.038). The dyslipidemia increased as age increased in LDL-C (p=0.015). Dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity and obesity abdominal were higher in workers women. The prevalence of overweight was 41.1%, 25.8% obesity and the obesity abdominal was 37.5%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia global was high and more than half of health workers were overweight or obese and one-third had abdominal obesity.

Pectin and its acidic oligosaccharide derivatives are believed to have many potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this article, we have investigated the effects of haw pectic oligosaccharide (HPOS) on hyperlipidemia (HL) and oxidative stress in mice induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that HPOS significantly suppressed the fat deposition in the liver of HL mice. In addition, it significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity and suppressed the production and accumulation of malondialdehyde in liver. It may also be helpful in normalizing fatty acid metabolism in the liver of mice by altering the proportions of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid. These results reveal that HPOS has potentially beneficial effects against HL and oxidative stress in mice.

:  To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis (‘Arame’), Hizikia fusiformis (‘Hijiki’) and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (‘Mekabu’), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis (‘Susabinori’), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol‐rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL‐cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP‐ and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis, H. fusiformis, U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis, is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in the hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Conflicting results have been reported concerning its role in atherogenesis. To determine the effects of the overexpressed LPL on diet-induced atherosclerosis, we have generated low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice that overexpressed human LPL transgene (LPL/LDLRKO) and compared their plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis with those in nonexpressing LDLR-knockout mice (LDLRKO). On a normal chow diet, LPL/LDLRKO mice showed marked suppression of mean plasma triglyceride levels (32 versus 236 mg/dl) and modest decrease in mean cholesterol levels (300 versus 386 mg/dl) as compared with LDLRKO mice. Larger lipoprotein particles of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)/LDL were selectively reduced in LPL/LDLRKO mice. On an atherogenic diet, both mice exhibited severe hypercholesterolemia. But, mean plasma cholesterol levels in LPL/LDLRKO mice were still suppressed as compared with that in LDLRKO mice (1357 versus 2187 mg/dl). Marked reduction in a larger subfraction of IDL/LDL, which conceivably corresponds to remnant lipoproteins, was observed in the LPL/LDLRKO mice. LDLRKO mice developed severe fatty streak lesions in the aortic sinus after feeding with the atherogenic diet for 8 weeks. In contrast, mean lesion area in the LPL/LDLRKO mice was 18-fold smaller than that in LDLRKO mice. We suggest that the altered lipoprotein profile, in particular the reduced level of remnant lipoproteins, is mainly responsible for the protection by LPL against atherosclerosis

RESUMEN: Aunque el síndrome metabólico es frecuente en los adultos mayores, no es claro si aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular en este grupo poblacional. Objetivo: determinar la proporción de síndrome metabólico en un grupo de adultos mayores, según los criterios de organismos internacionales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 141 adultos ≥ 60 años de Medellín-Colombia. El síndrome metabólico se clasificó según los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) y la International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, clínicas, bioquímicas y estilos de vida. Resultados: el 73,8 % fueron mujeres y 84,4 % tenían edades entre 60-74 años. El síndrome metabólico fue 45,4 % según criterios de IDF y 27,0 % según ATP III. Los componentes más frecuentes fueron obesidad central, colesterol HDL bajo e hipertrigliceridemia. La presencia del síndrome según criterios de IDF fue superior en mujeres (p=0,026), en adultos mayores con nivel educativo bajo (p=0,011) y con IMC más altos (p<0,001). Conclusión: la proporción del síndrome metabólico fue mayor según los criterios de IDF, encontrándose asociación con el sexo femenino, el nivel educativo bajo y el índice de masa corporal alto.

Wprowadzenie: Celem pracy była ocena zaburzeń lipidowych u pacjentów z zawrotami głowy. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono na grupie 918 chorych, w tym 598 kobiet i 320 mężczyzn, w wieku 18–83 lat (średnia wieku 55±0,5), leczonych w latach 2009–2011 w Klinice Otolaryngologii i Onkologii Laryngologicznej z Zespołem Pracowni Audiologicznych i Foniatrycznych Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego im. WAM w Łodzi z powodu zawrotów głowy. U wszystkich chorych przeprowadzono szczegółowy wywiad, badanie przedmiotowe otolaryngologiczne, otoneurologiczne. Każdy pacjent był konsultowany neurologicznie, okulistycznie i internistycznie oraz miał wykonywane USG naczyń doczaszkowych, tomografię komputerową odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa i głowy w celu wykluczenia schorzeń organicznych ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Przeprowadzono także badania laboratoryjne, takie jak stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego, triglicerydy, frakcję cholesterolu LDL i HDL oraz stężenie glukozy w surowicy krwi. Wyniki: W grupie 918 pacjentów z zawrotami głowy u 539 (58,71%) miały one pochodzenie ośrodkowe, a u 379 chorych (41,28%) charakter mieszany, w tym u 366 kobiet (67,90%) rozpoznano zawroty pochodzenia ośrodkowego, a u 232 (61,21%) typu mieszanego. Spośród 320 mężczyzn (34,78%) z zawrotami głowy u 173 (32,09%) stwierdzono zawroty pochodzenia ośrodkowego, a u 147 (38,78%) typu mieszanego. Analizując stężenia frakcji lipidów u badanych, odnotowano podwyższone wartości cholesterolu całkowitego u 67,03% z nich, w tym u 71,34% mężczyzn i 64,76% kobiet. Podwyższone stężenia frakcji cholesterolu LDL zaobserwowano u 51,57% pacjentów, w tym u 54,83% mężczyzn i 49,83% kobiet. Frakcja HDL cholesterolu u większości chorych (61,99%) była w normie. Również stężenie triglicerydów u większości badanych (u 69,45%) nie odbiegało od normy, podobnie jak stężenie glukozy (u 59,25% mężczyzn oraz 67,78% kobiet). Wnioski: Zaburzenia lipidowe, zwłaszcza cholesterolu całkowitego i frakcji LDL w surowicy krwi, mogą być jedną z przyczyn zawrotów głowy.

Diabetes is a disease which induces changes in the metabolism of the whole organism. Alloksan is a compound which damages beta cells of the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas inducing experimental diabetes in animals. The cytotoxic action of alloksan can affect other types of cells leading to their injuries. The known treatment of diabetes has not resulted in its total cure so far. Numerous experiments are carried out in order to find substances of preventive effect as well as substances which can relieve the negative impact of this disease. In this study the effect of iscador the substances of wide-range antioxidative and immunostimulating action on selected metabolic parameters during the course of diabetes in mice is presented. The experiments were carried out on male mice, average body weight 25 – 26g, bred in the constant light conditions LD 12:12 and fed with standard diet with unlimited access to water. The concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides was estimated in the blood serum with STAMAR kits. The statistical analysis of the results was carried out with Statistica program version 8. The results indicate that the application of iscador reduced glucose concentration, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood serum of mice with induced experimental diabetes.