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"HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION"
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Adult food consumption by household composition: an analysis of the first National Dietary Survey, Brazil, 2008–2009
To evaluate differences in food consumption of Brazilian adults according to the presence of children and adolescents in the household.
Averages of two non-consecutive days of food records from the first Brazilian National Dietary Survey were analysed and classified into eighteen food groups according to nutritional characteristics and use in diet. We compared the mean percentage contribution to total daily energy intake of each food group according to three groups of household composition: adults living alone or with other adults (32·7 %), adults living with children (35·6 %) and adults living with adolescents (31·7 %).
Brazilian nationwide survey, 2008-2009.
Adults aged 20-59 years (n 6312; 52·1 % female).
Women living alone or with other adults had higher consumption of vegetables, milk and other drinks, and lower consumption of beans and rice, compared with those living with children or adolescents. Men living alone or with other adults had higher consumption of sweets & desserts and vegetables, and lower consumption of beans, compared with those living with children or adolescents. According to household income, adults in the highest tertile who lived with children or adolescents presented a mixed consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods, whereas their counterparts in the first income tertile presented a marked consumption of foods considered traditional of the Brazilian population.
There are differences in food consumption based on the presence of children and adolescents in the household, with greater variation according to gender and household income.
Journal Article
Association of household composition with dietary patterns among adolescents in Brazil
The present study identified dietary patterns (DP) and analyse their association with household composition. This is a cross-sectional school-based study, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescent students, aged 11–19 years, with data from National School Health Survey (n 102 072). Food consumption was obtained through the weekly frequency of consumption of food markers, and the confirmatory factor analysis was applied to examine the latent variables ‘Healthy’ (beans, legumes/vegetables and fresh fruit/fruit salad) and ‘Unhealthy’ (ultra-processed foods, sweets, soft drinks and snacks) DP. The association between household composition and DP was estimated considering lives with both parents as reference category. Among adolescents aged 11–14 years, adherence to healthy DP was lower for boys who lived only with mother (β = –2·1), and boys (β = –4·9) and girls (β = –4·5) who lived without any parents. Adherence to unhealthy DP was higher among boys (β = 7·6) and girls (β = 6·0) who lived only with mother, and boys (β = 4·6) and girls (β = 5·3) who lived only with father. For older adolescents (aged 15–19 years), adherence to the unhealthy DP was higher among boys who lived only with mother (β = 3·9) or only with father (β = 5·3) and girls who lived only with mother (β = 6·3). Adherence to healthy DP was lower among girls who lived only with father (β = –9·0). Thus, adolescents who lived in single-parent households had lower adherence to healthy DP and greater adherence to unhealthy DP. Among younger adolescents of both sexes, living without any parent contributed to lower adherence to healthy DP.
Journal Article
SOLO MOTHERS AND NEW FORMATIONS OF COLLECTIVE LIFE IN SÃO PAULO'S PERIPHERIES
In 2010 in the city of São Paulo, 37 percent of mothers were solo mothers, compared to 16 percent in 1960. This meant that more than 1 million women in 2010 were raising their children without a partner. The increase in solo motherhood is not an isolated phenomenon, but part of deep transformations that have reshuffled entrenched formations of gender hierarchies, family arrangements, class inequalities, and racial discrimination in São Paulo. In recent decades, many young women found possibilities to shape their lives in ways that not only differed from their mothers' but that also significantly challenged the previously dominant model of the heteronormative nuclear family organized around a breadwinner and a housemaker. Analyzing the lives of solo mothers, this article identifies an emergent formation of collective life in which the nuclear family emerges as a minoritarian arrangement (around 40 percent) and in which women feel empowered to simply lead other lives.
Journal Article
The effect of household crowding and composition on health in an Inuit cohort in Greenland
Aims: This study aims to investigate the association between household crowding and household composition and self-rated health and mental health (GHQ scale) among the Inuit in Greenland. Poor housing conditions are a concern in Greenland, especially in the villages, where socioeconomic standards in general are lower. Methods: A cohort of 1282 adults participated in two population-based surveys in Greenland, the Inuit Health in Transition survey 2005–2010 (baseline) and The Health Survey in Greenland 2014 (follow-up). Associations between household conditions at baseline and health outcomes at follow-up (poor self-rated health and mental health measured by the GHQ scale) were examined using logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates at baseline. Results: Participants living in an overcrowded dwelling (more than one person per room) at baseline were more likely to report poor self-rated health at follow-up (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.09; 1.99) compared with those not living in an overcrowded dwelling. In addition, participants who lived alone at baseline were more likely (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.09; 3.58) to experience poor mental health at follow-up compared with those who lived with children. Conclusions: Results indicate that household conditions are related to health in Greenland. Public health authorities should work to ensure affordable housing of good quality in all communities.
Journal Article
Factors associated with physical, psychological and social frailty among community-dwelling older persons in Europe: a cross-sectional study of Urban Health Centres Europe (UHCE)
Background
Frailty is an age-related condition resulting in a state of increased vulnerability regarding functioning across multiple systems. It is a multidimensional concept referring to physical, psychological and social domains. The purpose of this study is to identify factors (demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and health indicators) associated with overall frailty and physical, psychological and social frailty in community-dwelling older people from five European countries.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2289 participants of the Urban Health Center European project in five European countries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations of the factors with overall frailty and the three frailty domains.
Results
The mean age was 79.7 (SD = 5.7). Participants who were older, were female, had secondary or equivalent education, lived alone, not at risk of alcohol use, were less physically active, had multi-morbidity, were malnourished or with a higher level of medication risk, had higher odds of overall frailty (all
P
< 0.05). Age was not associated with psychological and social frailty; sex was not associated with social frailty; smoking and migration background was not associated with overall frailty or any of its domains. There existed an interaction effect between sex and household composition regarding social frailty (
P
< 0.0003).
Conclusions
The present study contributed new insights into the risk factors for frailty and its three domains (physical, psychological and social frailty). Nurses, physicians, public health professionals and policymakers should be aware of the risk factors of each type of frailty. Furthermore, examine these risk factors more comprehensively and consider overall frailty as well as its three domains in order to further contribute to decision-making more precisely on the prevention and management of frailty.
Trial registration
The intervention of the UHCE project was registered in the ISRCTN registry as
ISRCTN52788952
. The date of registration is 13/03/2017.
Journal Article
Household structure and concurrent stunting and overweight among young children in Indonesia
To examine the association of household type and household composition with concurrent stunting and overweight in young children from urban and rural Indonesia.
This study is a secondary data analysis using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Household structure was analysed as household type, household size, number of working adults, number of dependent adults and children, and household head's gender. We defined 'concurrent stunting and overweight' as height-for-age Z-score <-2 and weight-for-height Z-score >+2 based on WHO growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression to test the aforementioned association was performed separately for urban and rural areas.
Data were from Indonesia Basic Heath Research 2013.
Children aged 2-5 years (n 45 050).
The prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight children was 5·6 %. In rural areas, this prevalence differed significantly by household types and the highest prevalence was among children in nuclear two-parent households (6·8 %). In rural areas, children in extended households had lower odds of concurrent stunting and overweight than those from nuclear households (OR = 0·73, 95 % CI 0·59, 0·92). In urban areas, household size and number of working adults were significantly associated with the decreased odds of concurrent stunting and overweight in children.
Household structure was associated with children's concurrent stunting and overweight in urban and rural regions of Indonesia. The patterns of the association might differ between urban and rural regions, but no significant interaction term was found.
Journal Article
Neighborhood evictions, household children, and preterm birth among Black birthing people
Background
Neighborhood evictions are a key component of community-level housing instability and disproportionately impact communities of color. Increased neighborhood evictions may be associated with increased preterm birth (PTB). Previous research suggests familial distress as a potential driver of increased PTB among Black birthing parents exposed to high neighborhood eviction rates. In this study, we explore whether the association of neighborhood evictions with PTB differs depending on the presence or absence of children in the household during pregnancy.
Methods
We used information from 400 Black participants in the Newborn Epigenetics Study in Durham, NC. Our primary exposure, neighborhood eviction rate, was defined as the participant’s block group eviction rate during the year of last menstrual period. Preterm birth, defined as gestational age < 37 completed weeks at delivery was based on information abstracted from medical records at delivery. Using logistic regression, we estimated the change in odds of preterm birth associated with a 1 SD increase in neighborhood eviction rate. Models were adjusted for educational attainment, relationship status, participant age at delivery, and proportion of block group households below the federal poverty line. To determine whether associations between neighborhood evictions and preterm birth differ depending on household composition, we stratified the study sample by presence of children in the household during pregnancy (0,
≥
1 children).
Results
Among the total sample, we observed an increase in odds of preterm birth for every 1-SD increase in neighborhood eviction rate (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.73). Association between neighborhood eviction rate and preterm birth differed by household composition. Increased neighborhood eviction rates were associated with increased odds of PTB among participants with children in the household (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.28), but not among participants without children in the household (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.39).
Conclusions
We found that higher neighborhood evictions increase odds of preterm birth among Black birthing parents living with children. Our findings support the prioritization of Black families and communities for interventions to prevent evictions and promote housing stability.
Journal Article
Information Diffusion Effects in Individual Investors' Common Stock Purchases: Covet Thy Neighbors' Investment Choices
We study the relation between households' stock purchases and stock purchases made by their neighbors. A ten percentage point increase in neighbors' purchases of stocks from an industry is associated with a two percentage point increase in households' own purchases of stocks from that industry. The effect is considerably larger for local stocks and among households in more social states. Controlling for area sociability, households' and neighbors' investment style preferences, and the industry composition of local firms, we attribute approximately one-quarter to one-half of the correlation between households' stock purchases and stock purchases made by their neighbors to word-of-mouth communication.
Journal Article
Prevalence of living alone with dementia and other progressive neurological conditions: findings from primary care data in England
Background
Living alone with a neurodegenerative condition such as dementia may result in inequalities in access to support and resources. However, estimates of the number of people living alone vary widely in research studies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of living alone with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, motor neurone disease (MND), and Huntington’s disease in England using electronic healthcare records.
Methods
Individuals identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database were categorised as living alone or living with others based on medical codes and the number of people registered at a given GP practice from a household. Excluding those in care facilities, the prevalence of living alone was estimated both overall and stratified by measures of inequality including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, urban/rural location, and region. Prevalence estimates of the population living alone, applied to age and sex structures of upper local authority areas, were mapped. Change in prevalence over 15 years was investigated using Joinpoint analysis.
Results
In 2023, there were 205,507 people with dementia in the CPRD database, 40,244 with Parkinson’s disease, 3515 with MND and 1672 with Huntington’s disease. Of those with dementia, 40% lived alone, 33% lived alone with Parkinson’s disease and MND and 38% lived alone with Huntington’s disease. More area-level deprivation and an urban GP practice were associated with living alone for all conditions. For dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and MND, there were differences by age, sex, ethnicity and region. The proportion of people living alone with dementia and MND has increased since 2009.
Conclusions
A substantial number of people with neurodegenerative conditions are living alone, possibly exposing them to higher risks in some respect than carried by those who live with others. Changes to clinical policy are needed to enable improved support and targeted care for these individuals.
Journal Article