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This study examined the effect of estradiol-β-17 across the menstrual cycle (MC) during aerobic exercise on energy substrate utilization and oxidation. Thirty-two eumenorrheic (age = 22.4 ± 3.8 y (mean ± SD)), physically active women participated in two steady-state running sessions at 65% of VO2max, one during the early follicular and one during the luteal phase of the MC. Blood samples were collected at rest before each exercise session and analyzed for Estradiol-β-17 to confirm the MC phase. Carbohydrate (CHO) utilization and oxidation values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the luteal (utilization: 51.6 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 1.22 ± 0.56 g/min; effect size (ES) = 0.45, 0.27) than follicular phase (utilization: 58.2 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 1.38 ± 0.60 g/min) exercise sessions. Conversely, fat utilization and oxidation values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the luteal (utilization: 48.4 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 0.49 ± 0.19 g/min; ES = 0.45,0.28) than follicular phase (utilization: 41.8 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 0.41 ± 0.14 g/min). Estradiol-β-17 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater during the luteal (518.5 ± 285.4 pmol/L; ES = 0.75) than follicular phase (243.8 ± 143.2 pmol/L). Results suggest a greater use of fat and reduced amount of CHO usage during the luteal versus follicular phase, directly related to the change in resting estradiol-β-17. Future research should investigate the role these changes may play in female athletic performance.

Abstract Objectives: To measure the prevalence of domestic violence among women attending general practice; test the association between experience of domestic violence and demographic factors; evaluate the extent of recording of domestic violence in records held by general practices; and assess acceptability to women of screening for domestic violence by general practitioners or practice nurses. Design: Self administered questionnaire survey. Review of medical records. Setting: General practices in Hackney, London. Participants: 1207 women (>15 years) attending selected practices. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of domestic violence against women. Association between demographic factors and domestic violence reported in questionnaire. Comparison of recording of domestic violence in medical records with that reported in questionnaire. Attitudes of women towards being questioned about domestic violence by general practitioners or practice nurses. Results: 425/1035 women (41%, 95% confidence interval 38% to 44%) had ever experienced physical violence from a partner or former partner and 160/949 (17%, 14% to 19%) had experienced it within the past year. Pregnancy in the past year was associated with an increased risk of current violence (adjusted odds ratio 2.11, 1.39 to 3.19). Physical violence was recorded in the medical records of 15/90 (17%) women who reported it on the questionnaire. At least 202/1010 (20%) women objected to screening for domestic violence. Conclusions: With the high prevalence of domestic violence, health professionals should maintain a high level of awareness of the possibility of domestic violence, especially affecting pregnant women, but the case for screening is not yet convincing. What is already known on this topic Domestic violence is associated with a wide range of health and social problems for women and their children Women experiencing violence are often not identified by health professionals in hospital settings Professional organisations and politicians are promoting a policy of screening for domestic violence What this study adds Over a third of women attending general practices had experienced physical violence from a male partner or former partner Most women who had experienced physical violence were not identified by general practitioners, according to data extracted from their medical records Women pregnant in the previous year were at high risk for current physical violence A substantial minority of women object to routine questioning about domestic violence

Joshua Watson (1771–1855) was a wealthy merchant who used his business acumen and administrative skills to become a key player in numerous Anglican societies that had missionary concerns, working alongside high-ranking clergy in various capacities. One aspect of Watson’s achievements was his impact on the emerging colonial church structures in Canada, India, Australia, and New Zealand. He was heavily involved in the reform and administration of the two main High Church mission societies: the SPCK and the SPG. Watson was a figure of immense significance to the development of early nineteenth-century colonial Anglicanism. His example illustrates the importance of lay figures both to the High Church tradition and to the broader history of Anglicanism.

The project, sponsored by ING Wholesale Banking and the Baring Foundation, involved taking the students to landmarks in City and along the Thames, from Tate Britain to Greenwich, followed by workshops in printmaking and painting. The works included River Bus, below, by Shannel Feranand.

The cost has soared by more than six times to Pounds 45 million. The Clissold Leisure Centre in Hackney is now unlikely to reopen until the end of the year, despite a promise by borough mayor Jules Pipe that even in the \"worstcase situation\" it would definitely be open by February. The problems mean the facility, initially costed by Hackney council at Pounds 7 million and which received Pounds 11 million Lottery cash, has been mothballed for almost four years. It was designed by Stirling Prize-winning architect Stephen Hodder, who dreamed up the \"glass wave\" aluminium and glass roof. A Hackney spokesman said: \"As with complex projects of this nature, there have been unexpected difficulties that were only discovered as work proceeded. The contractors plan to complete the building works by the end of September. It will then be handed over to Greenwich Leisure and there will be a fit-out period during which they will equip the centre and train staff.\" Father-of-two Ben Ruse, who lives near the building, said he doubted the latest promises on the reopening date.