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Green eggs and ham
Sam-I-Am mounts a determined campaign to convince another Seuss character to eat a plate of green eggs and ham.
Book
Comparison of Methyl Bromide and Phosphine for Fumigation of Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), Pests of High-Value Stored Products
Fumigation with methyl bromide has been a long established and effective method for controlling many pests of stored products, including the key major pests that infest dry-cured hams, aged cheese, and other value-added durable stored products. Methyl bromide had been widely used for the disinfestation of dry-cured ham facilities in the United States, but is now phased out of use since it is an ozone-depleting substance. This paper reports laboratory studies to evaluate the efficacies of methyl bromide and phosphine for controlling two of the key arthropod pests of dry-cured hams and aged cheeses. Larvae of the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius), were the most tolerant life stages when treated with either phosphine or methyl bromide for 48 h exposure at 23°C, whereas eggs of the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), were slightly more tolerant than mobile stages for both compounds. Under laboratory conditions, complete control was achieved for the both species with concentrations of 0.85 and 4.0 g/m3 of phosphine and methyl bromide, respectively, at 48 h exposure. The results give new information for judicious use of the existing stocks of methyl bromide, whether for pest mitigation or to help in developing a quarantine treatment schedule with that gas. Phosphine shows good potential as an effective alternative to methyl bromide, but if it was to be adopted as a fumigant in the dry-cured ham industry, methods to prevent metal corrosion would need to be designed and effectively implemented.
Journal Article
West Ham and the River Lea : a social and environmental history of London's industrialized marshland, 1839-1914
\"During the nineteenth century, London's population grew by more than five million as people flocked from the countryside to the city to take up jobs in shops and factories. In West Ham and the River Lea, Jim Clifford explores the growth of London's most populous independent suburb and the degradation of its second largest river, bringing to light the consequences of these developments on social democracy and urban politics in Greater London. Drawing on Ordnance Surveys and archival materials, Jim Clifford uses historical geographic information systems to map the migration of Greater London's industry into West Ham's marshlands and reveals the consequences for the working-class people who lived among the factories. He argues that an unstable and unhealthy environment fuelled protest and political transformation. Poverty, pollution, water shortages, infectious disease, floods, and an unemployment crisis led the public to demand new forms of government intervention and provided an opening for new urban politics to emerge. By exploring the intersection of pollution, poverty, and instability, Clifford establishes the importance of the urban environment in the development of social democracy in Greater London at the turn of the twentieth century.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Solving class of mixed nonlinear multi-term fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations by new development of HAM
This work implements the standard Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) developed by Professor Shijun Liao (1992), and a new development of the HAM (called ND-HAM) improved by Z.K. Eshkuvatov (2022) in solving mixed nonlinear multi-term fractional derivative of different orders of Volterra-Fredholm Integrodifferential equations (FracVF-IDEs). Other than that, the existance and uniqueness of solution as well as the norm convergence with respect to ND-HAM, were proven in a Hilbert space. In addition, three numerical examples (including multi-term fractional IDEs) are presented and compared with the HAM, modified HAM and ”Generalized block pulse operational differentiation matrices method” developed in previous works by illustrating the accuracy as well as validity with respect to ND-HAM. Empirical investigations reveal that ND-HAM and the modified HAM yields the same results when control parameter ℏ is chosen as ℏ = −1 and is comparable to the standard HAM. The findings discovered that the ND-HAM is highly convenient, effective, as well as in line with theoretical results.
Journal Article
Insights into the Protein Differentiation Mechanism between Jinhua Fatty Ham and Lean Ham through Label-Free Proteomics
Jinhua lean ham (LH), a dry-cured ham made from the defatted hind legs of pigs, has become increasingly popular among consumers with health concerns. However, the influence of fat removal on the quality of Jinhua ham is still not fully understood. Therefore, a label-free proteomics strategy was used to explore the protein differential profile between Jinhua fatty ham (FH) and lean ham (LH). Results showed that 179 differential proteins (DPs) were detected, including 82 up-regulated and 97 down-regulated DPs in LH vs. FH, among which actin, myosin, tropomyosin, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate carboxylase, and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase were considered the key DPs. GO analysis suggested that DPs were mainly involved in binding, catalytic activity, cellular process, and metabolic process, among which catalytic activity was significantly up-regulated in LH. Moreover, the main KEGG-enriched pathways of FH focused on glycogen metabolism, mainly including the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. However, amino acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation were the main metabolic pathways in LH. From the protein differentiation perspective, fat removal significantly promoted protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and the oxidative phosphorylation process. These findings could help us to understand the effects of fat removal on the nutritional metabolism of Jinhua hams and provide theoretical supports for developing healthier low-fat meat products.
Journal Article
Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Fibrotic Effects of Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential in Corneal Repair
Acute ocular chemical burns are ophthalmic emergencies requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment as they may lead to permanent impairment of vision. The clinical manifestations of such burns are produced by exacerbated innate immune response via the infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of stromal fibroblasts. New therapies are emerging that are dedicated to repair mechanisms that improve the ocular surface after damage; for example, transplantation of stem cells (SC) has been successfully reported for this purpose. The pursuit of easily accessible, noninvasive procedures to obtain SC has led researchers to focus on human tissues such as amniotic membrane. Human amniotic mesenchymal SC (hAM‐MSC) inhibits proinflammatory and fibrotic processes in different diseases. hAM‐MSC expresses low levels of classical MHC‐I and they do not express MHC‐II, making them suitable for regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracameral injection of hAM‐MSC on the clinical manifestations, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the activation of stromal fibroblasts in a corneal alkali‐burn model. We also determined the in vitro effect of hAM‐MSC conditioned medium (CM) on α‐SMA+ human limbal myofibroblast (HLM) frequency and on release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our results show that intracameral hAM‐MSC injection reduces neovascularization, opacity, stromal inflammatory cell infiltrate, and stromal α‐SMA+ cells in our model. Moreover, in in vitro assays, CM from hAM‐MSC decreased the quantity of α‐SMA+ HLM and the release of NETs. These results suggest that intracameral hAM‐MSC injection induces an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic environment that promotes corneal wound healing. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:906–917 A novel route of administration of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human amnion in corneal alkali‐burn ameliorates corneal inflammation and fibrosis; also, these stem cells secrete soluble factors that improve corneal wound healing by reducing inflammation and inhibiting α‐SMA myofibroblasts differentiation and suppress neutrophils activation.
Journal Article
Manufacture of dry-cured ham: a review. Part 1. Biochemical changes during the technological process
Dry-cured ham is a traditional meat product highly appreciated by consumers. Production of dry-cured ham is a time-consuming process which varies between different ham types. There are many factors affecting the final characteristics of dry-cured ham. The quality of the raw material and the process conditions mainly influence the rate and the extent of biochemical reactions which are in turn responsible for the formation of specific flavor and texture. This review paper highlights the characteristics of the raw material, the enzymatic and chemical processes taking place during dry-cured ham manufacture and the compounds formed by these reactions. The rates of the enzymatic changes from fresh meat to the stage of final product are also described.
Journal Article
The Curse of Ham
How old is prejudice against black people? Were the racist attitudes that fueled the Atlantic slave trade firmly in place 700 years before the European discovery of sub-Saharan Africa? In this groundbreaking book, David Goldenberg seeks to discover how dark-skinned peoples, especially black Africans, were portrayed in the Bible and by those who interpreted the Bible--Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Unprecedented in rigor and breadth, his investigation covers a 1,500-year period, from ancient Israel (around 800 B.C.E.) to the eighth century C.E., after the birth of Islam. By tracing the development of anti-Black sentiment during this time, Goldenberg uncovers views about race, color, and slavery that took shape over the centuries--most centrally, the belief that the biblical Ham and his descendants, the black Africans, had been cursed by God with eternal slavery.Goldenberg begins by examining a host of references to black Africans in biblical and postbiblical Jewish literature. From there he moves the inquiry from Black as an ethnic group to black as color, and early Jewish attitudes toward dark skin color. He goes on to ask when the black African first became identified as slave in the Near East, and, in a powerful culmination, discusses the resounding influence of this identification on Jewish, Christian, and Islamic thinking, noting each tradition's exegetical treatment of pertinent biblical passages.Authoritative, fluidly written, and situated at a richly illuminating nexus of images, attitudes, and history, The Curse of Ham is sure to have a profound and lasting impact on the perennial debate over the roots of racism and slavery, and on the study of early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
eBook
Black and slave?
After discussing the so-called Ham myth in South Africa, my focus is on the African church father Augustine (354–430). All texts from his immense oeuvre in which he mentions biblical Ham are reviewed in chronological order. In Against Faustus, the story of Noah and his sons is mainly explained as being Christological: Ham figures as a type of the unbelieving Jews who consented to the murder of Christ, but he is also a type of the Jews because he is ‘the slave of his brothers’ carrying the books by which the Christians may be instructed. Later Augustine corrects his confusion of Ham with the slave Canaan. The story of Ham (and Canaan) is most extensively discussed in the City of God. Neither here nor in the Expositions on the Psalms, Ham is described as being black or a slave. The same goes for a number of his other writings. In Augustine’s late works Against Julian and Unfinished Work against Julian, he thoroughly goes into the question of why (although Ham sinned) ‘vengeance was brought upon Canaan’. Augustine perceives God’s prophecy: from Canaan stems the cursed seed [semen maledictum] of the Canaanites. Nowhere, however, he claims that Ham or his descendants would have been cursed to be black or that all of his offspring were condemned to slavery.ContributionThis article demonstrates that the Ham myth does not occur in Augustine. It argues that the ‘mestizo’ African Augustine might have been extra sensitive to questions of race and colour.
Journal Article