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ObjectiveWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseases, affecting various sectors such as agriculture, small-scale industries, handicrafts, construction, and banking. These disorders, caused by overexertion and repetitive motion, lead to work absenteeism, productivity loss, and economic impacts. The aim of the study is to determine the magnitude of musculoskeletal disorders among different occupational workers in India.Material and MethodsWe identified studies reporting the prevalence of MSDs using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in different databases between 2005 and 2023 through searches on SCOPUS, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. The required information was then extracted. A random effect model was used to pool estimates of prevalence with 95% CI. Publication bias was assessed by applying funnel plots.ResultsThe 12-months prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) were reported across several occupational groups, the meta or the pooled prevalence was estimated as 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.83, I² = 97%) which suggest substantial variability in the prevalence estimates between different industries and studies. The agriculture sector shows a sector-pooled prevalence of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78 to 0.93), indicating widespread condition. The healthcare and mining industries also report high pooled prevalence rates of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.89) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.85), respectively. In the IT and textile industries, the prevalence is 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60 to 0.79) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.50 to 0.89), respectively.ConclusionsWRMSDs are prevalent across various Indian industries in significant proportion, particularly in agriculture, healthcare, and mining, leading to significant productivity loss and economic impact. The variation in prevalence highlights the need for sector-specific interventions. Addressing WRMSDs requires comprehensive ergonomic and policy measures. Effective strategies are essential to mitigate these disorders' widespread impact.

The artistic aspect is the ‘dancer’ (Gary Zukav) [7] in the machine. There is an embryonic potentiality for embodied intelligence, soft robotics, and engineering if we emphasise the artistic aspect and employ it as an indispensable element. Art is less weighted in science, technology, and engineering than functionalities and applications. Equivalently, there is a potential under-explored advantage of science and technology-based artistic creation instead of individualistic improvisation, interpretation, and expression. Starting from the philosophical and scientific question, What is life? this paper reviewed influential theories from entropy, ‘code-script’ by Erwin Schrödinger, ‘wetware’, cell compartmentation by Paul Nurse, sentient machine by Anil Seth, to the ‘Dance’ by Gary Zukav, the ‘30 000’ organ by Denis Noble, the 100,000 protein sonification by Markus Buehler, and a bio-inspired composition by Alberto Carretero using P-system. With my research on cell-inspired audio-visual works The Cell Planet using Touch Designer, music creation for the Protein Misfolding project, and the soft-robotic inspired biomimetic textiles and art, this paper provides solutions for integrating technology, science, engineering, and art from a deeper, experimental, and philosophical context.

Indonesia is the 9th largest pineapple producer in the world with a production of 1.39 million tons per year. this makes the pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) waste available abundantly in Indonesia. Palf waste has not been widely used in Indonesia. palf is usually used as fabric for textiles or yarn to be used as clothes and as handicrafts. palf has excellent mechanical properties and is environmentally friendly. in this study palf is used as a material for construction. Adding fiber to the concrete mixture is one way to minimize cracks in the concrete. This study aims to increase the compressive strength, tensile strength of concrete and utilize palf potential as construction material. This study compares the compressive strength and tensile strength of normal concrete against compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete with the addition of pineapple fiber with variations of 0%, 0.5 %, 1%, 1.5% to the weight of cement. The specimen used was a cylinder with a diameter of 15cm and a height of 30cm. The test is carried out on specimens with the age of 28 days. Experimental results show that inclusion of Palf improves the split tensile strength and compressive strenghth of concrete.

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut producers, which in turn produces a lot of waste, especially coconut coir waste which can cause flooding if carelessly dumped in the river or carried by flood currents. Coconut coir waste that is no longer used can be reprocessed into a variety of finished and semi-finished products that have a high selling value. These products include coir fiber (Cocofibre), coir powder (Cocopeat), solid coir powder (Cocopeatbrick) cocomesh, cocopot, cocosheet, coco fiber board (CFB) and cococoir. This research aims to plan and design a machine that can process cocofiber into raw materials for its derivative products like making handicrafts such as doormats, etc. In planning and designing this machine, solidwork software and the calculation analysis method of the Sularso Machine Elements book guide were implemented. This machine is equipped with a sieve as an automatic separator between cocopeat and cocofibre in the form of a hexagonal cylinder. The machine produces cocopeat at 15 kg/hour and cocofiber at 5 kg/hour which is more time efficient and more effective compared to the traditional method or the existing similar machine. This study will be beneficial for small and middle-class industries.

This article discussed the latest and most efficient machine design in rope from mendong. This machine design is multifunctional. There a plenty of available machines but many people were constrained in production process which needed more time because the rope making process went through several steps. The engine work is not maximal, the production of minimal mendong rope. So that the demand for handicrafts from mendong ropes in the market cannot be fulfilled. Setting off from this problem, designing machines with the latest technology with a work system that needs to increase the production of craftsmen and the economic level of the community in Blayu, Wajak District, Malang Regency, Indonesia.

IntroductionJodhpur is highly famous state of India for its handicrafts. Commercialization of this handicraft sector with increased demand resulted, prolonged working hours and working beyond physical capacity. Thus, increasing incidents of occupational hazards among the artisans. Modifying the workstation and tools to better assist the artisans have found to reduce the occupational risks among the artisans. This study aims to evaluate the musculoskeletal risks and to develop a workstation for reducing the risks.Methods80 artisans were considered for the study randomly from different handicraft export houses of Jodhpur and Barmer Rajasthan. Questionnaire, environmental effects, and illumination were performed to identify occupational health issues affecting physical abilities of artisans. Further, design methodologies such as concept generation, selection and design development were performed to provide an effective solution.ResultsThe questionnaire revealed that most of the artisans faced severe discomfort in their wrist, upper back, and lower back as a result of repetitive and bad working postures due to poorly developed makeshift workstation. Artisans also reported health issues such itching and redness eyes, nasal blockage, runny nose, and cough. Along with strain in eyes due to working in low illumination, causing long term eye problems. Among the different concepts, the features provided by the final concepts successfully addressed most of the risk such as, unnecessary repetitive actions and postural load.ConclusionIt can be concluded that a design intervention is needed to address the different occupational risks involved due to postural load. The final developed concept successfully reduced the occupational risks considering the physical demands, thus reducing the reports of MSDs and Increasing the productivity.

In spring 2020, the first Covid-19-related lockdown included the closing of kindergartens and schools. Home schooling, the lack of social contacts with peers and the care of the children at home posed an enormous challenge for many families. The present study investigated the leisure behavior of 285 one- to 10-year-old German children at two time points (t1 and t2) during the Covid-19-related lockdown in spring 2020. In the subsample of primary school children (n = 102), we also explored children's attitudes towards schoolwork at home. Analyses focused on the change of behavior from t1 to t2, on differences in these changes depending on socio-economic status (SES), and on associations of behavior with SES, the number of children at home, and the frequency of receiving learning materials from school. While the frequency of playing outside increased significantly from t1 to t2, the frequency of handicrafts, playing board games, indoor sports, and motivation to do schoolwork decreased. The observed changes between t1 and t2 did not differ depending on SES. However, a lower SES was associated with higher media use, less outdoor activity, and (though only marginally significant) a reduced time doing schoolwork and a reduced ability to concentrate on schoolwork at t1. In households with more children, children played outside more often, but were read to less frequently and (though only marginally significant) watched movies and series less frequently. Children receiving learning materials from school on a regular basis spent significantly more time doing schoolwork at home than children receiving materials only irregularly. A continuing loss of childcare in day-care facilities and schools entails the danger of declining education in the form of (inter)active indoor activities and schoolwork.

Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) aims to process organic and inorganic waste into something that can be reused. The processed results of organic waste are fertilizers that can be used as a medium for fertilizing plants, while the processed results of inorganic waste can be in the form of shopping bags, wall hangings, flower pots, and other handicrafts. In addition to aiming to process organic and inorganic waste into something useful, another goal of Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) is also to help employ the surrounding community members of the beneficiary community. The main purpose of the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program is to improve the ecological citizenship of the community. This research uses qualitative methods to obtain the required data. This study’s results indicate that the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program could have been more effective. There are still many obstacles encountered in the implementation of the program.

Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442–536, 1985 ). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species.

The ancient Qin-Shu roads corridor is one of the important cultural main corridors in China. Throughout China’s long historical and cultural evolution, today’s ancestors created a rich intangible cultural heritage along this route. Studying its intangible cultural heritage has important theoretical and practical significance for the protection and innovation of cultural heritage in this region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage along the ancient Qin-Shu roads and explore the main factors affecting its distribution. The nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse, location entropy, buffer analysis and other methods were used. The results show that (1) The types of intangible cultural heritage of the ancient Qin-Shu roads are expressed in three echelons. Traditional handicrafts are the most numerous, folk custom and traditional music are the second most numerous, the other categories of ICH are third in quantity overall, among which traditional medicine and sports recreation competition are the scarcest. (2) The overall spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage along the ancient Qin-Shu roads shows an agglomeration distribution. Its distribution pattern places the central cities (Xi'an, Chengdu and Chongqing) at the core, gradually spreading out and decreasing in density as it reaches peripheral districts and counties. There are significantly differ in the core areas of different types of intangible cultural heritage. (3) In the process of historical development, the intangible cultural heritage of the ancient Qin-Shu roads demonstrated an overall change pattern of “three rising and three falling”. That is, during Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and Ming and Qing Dynasties, culture flourished, while in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, modern times culture developed slowly. The overall trajectory of the center of gravity of intangible cultural heritage shifted from the northeast to the southwest. (4) Natural and human factors, such as topography, climate, transportation, traditional villages and population evolution, have an important impact on the spatial pattern of the intangible cultural heritage of the ancient Qin-Shu roads. The results of this study provide a useful reference for the theoretical research and practical management of intangible cultural heritage.