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The present work deals with the influence of wood dust namely Rosewood and Padauk in the jute fiber-based epoxy composites. The work involves the fabrication of four different laminates of jute-epoxy composites using hand layup process with varying proportions of Rosewood and Padauk wood dust fillers compared with the composite in the absence of filler. The characterization of the mechanical and thermal properties was carried out by tensile, compression, flexural, shore D hardness, impact and thermogravimetric analysis as per ASTM. It is inferred from the test results that the mechanical properties got enhanced by the fine distribution of Padauk wood dust particles by improved adhesion with the matrix. The coarse structure of Rosewood dust over the composite improved thermal stability. Scanning Electron Microscopy was utilized to study the fractured interfaces of the mechanically tested composites. Furthermore, the developed composites affinity towards moisture and biodegradation were studied using water adsorption and biodegradability tests.

Natural fibers are an integral part of our lives, serving as the building blocks for a wide range of products that surround us daily. Derived from various plant and animal sources, these fibers have played a crucial role in human history, offering versatility, sustainability, and a unique connection to nature. Luffa fiber, also known as loofah or sponge gourd, is a natural plant-based material that has gained popularity for its various practical and sustainable applications Its benefits include biodegradable, versatile, natural exfoliation, absorbent, durable etc. Incorporating luffa fiber into composite materials offers a bridge between sustainability and innovation, potentially leading to lightweight, environmentally friendly, and high performance materials suitable for a range of applications. Epoxy resins were the preferred base polymer in approximately 53% of research studies, making them the most commonly used polymer type for Luffa fiber-reinforced composites. Marine shells, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and other mullusk shells, have gained attention as potential fillers in composite materials due to their unique properties and environmental benefits. These shells, which are abundant as byproducts of the seafood industry, can be repurposed as fillers to enhance the properties of composites. Utilizing marine shells as fillers provides a sustainable solution for repurposing waste materials that would otherwise end up in landfills or discarded. Here we are using the method called hand layup. The hand lay-up process is a widely used technique in the manufacturing of composite materials. It involves manually layering reinforcement materials, such as fibers, fabrics, or mats, within a Mold, which is then infused with resin to create a composite part. This process is commonly employed for producing components with relatively simple shapes and moderate production volumes. Impact testing and hardness testing is done. For Impact test increasing the percentage of fillers, such as marine shell powder, by increments of 10% enhances the energy absorption of the composite laminate relative to the applied load. Consequently, the addition of fillers optimizes the composite’s overall properties. Based on the results of the hardness test, it can be inferred that composite laminates containing fillers exhibit greater hardness when compared to those without fillers. Thus, the inclusion of fillers enhances the overall properties of the composite material.

Mechanical properties of composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers have been researched in recent decades. Jute and mallow fibers are reinforcement alternatives, as they can contribute to increase the mechanical strength of composite materials. The present work aims to predict the Young’s modulus with application of continuous and aligned lignocellulosic fibers to be applied as reinforcement in polyester matrix. Fibers were manually separated and then arranged and aligned in the polyester matrix. Composites with addition 5, 15, and 25 vol% jute and mallow fibers were produced by vacuum-assisted hand lay-up/vaccum-bagging procedure. Samples were tested in tensile and the tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and deformation were determined. Results showed that the intrinsic Young’s modulus of the fibers was set at values around 17.95 and 11.72 GPa for jute and mallow fibers, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that composites reinforced with 15 and 25 vol% jute and mallow presented the highest values of tensile strength and Young’s modulus. The incorporation of 25 vol% of jute and mallow fibers increased the matrix Young’s modulus by 534% and 353%, respectively, effectively stiffening the composite material. Prediction models presented similar values for the Young’s modulus, showing that jute and mallow fibers might be used as potential reinforcement of polymeric matrices

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho do processo de infusão a vácuo (VIP) na fabricação de compósitos de fios de juta e resina poliéster em comparação ao processo de laminação manual (hand lay-up), considerando múltiplos atributos com apoio do Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). O experimento envolveu a produção de compósitos de matriz de poliéster insaturado reforçados por fios de juta na forma de tecido plano. As medidas de desempenho foram a porosidade, resistência à tração, custos, redução de emissão da voláteis e a expectativa de contribuição social. Os pesos dos atributos foram determinados objetivamente a partir da informação disponível em cada critério na matriz de decisão com base na entropia da informação. O processo de laminação manual foi utilizado como referência de avaliação por ser considerado o processo convencional. Os resultados revelaram que os atributos com maior peso foram a redução de emissão de voláteis e a porosidade; que o processo VIP apresentou um desempenho superior ao processo hand lay-up; e que a TOPSIS foi apropriada a análise do problema.

Natural fiber composite laminates are nowadays used in structural application such as aerospace, automobile and in sports goods because of their high strength to weight ratio and renewability. Hence the study of mechanical behaviors of natural fiber composites is very important in using these composite laminates for such specific applications. This project aims at identifying the mechanical properties of hybrid natural Jute/Kenaf fiber. The major drawbacks in natural fiber are its Resin incompatibility. Surface treatment of fiber is made to improve the interfacial bonding between the fiber and resin and to reduce the moisture absorption. Laminates are fabricated using Hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and Impact test for jute/kenaf hybrid laminates were obtained. Specimen preparation and Mechanical property testing were carried out as per ASTM standards. Micro structures of the different layer of hybrid specimens are scanned by the Scanning Electron Microscope.

In order to investigate the effects of different functional groups on graphene on the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by hand layup technique. In this study, three different variety of functionalized graphene (–NH 2 , –COOH, and –OH) with varying weight percent (i.e. 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) was considered. Tensile, interlaminar, and three-point flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of graphene concentration and fiber stacking sequence (i.e. 0/90° and 0/90/ ± 45°) on composites. The microstructures of the composites were characterized by a scanning electron microscope. Experimental results showed that pristine and functionalized graphene significantly improved the mechanical properties of carbon fiber epoxy composites. Compared to neat carbon fiber epoxy composites, the maximum tensile strength of 33.34% and 26.35% were noticed for 0/90°–COOH–0.5 and 0/90/ ± 45°–NH 2 –0.3 stacked functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber epoxy composites, respectively. Moreover, 48.44% and 59.1% flexural strength were recorded for 0/90°–COOH–0.3 and 0/90/ ± 45°–OH–0.5 stacked functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber epoxy composites, respectively. Furthermore, maximum interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 120.25% was observed for 0/90/ ± 45° stacked carbon fiber epoxy composites. Finally, the results obtained with graphene as reinforcement filler can cause a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of fiber composites. Henceforth, they can also be considered as a promising candidate for designing composites for structural applications.

The natural fiber reinforced composites are least expensive material and alternative material of wood, plastic material for the construction and industrial applications. The polymer based composites are used to fabricate the automobile components. The present investigation the composite materials reinforced with sansevieria cylindrica fibers were fabricated. These fibers were used because of their impressive mechanical properties. The composite panels are fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Sansevieria cylindrica fibers and polyester resin to produce the composite material. Sansevieria cylindrica plant has each leaf 20 to 30mm thickness and height 1000 to 2000mm approximately. The chemical tests of fiber and tensile strength for different fiber length composites such as 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, & 50mm are determined.

This experimental study investigates the impact of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) on the ablative properties of two commonly used composite materials in aerospace applications: Carbon/Phenolic and Silica/Phenolic composites. Neat and Nanofillers added laminates of these two composite types were prepared using a hand layup process followed by curing in an autoclave at 170 ℃ temperature and 5 bar pressure. Physical properties such as density, fibre content, degree of cure, and glass transition temperatures of all four types were found. Mechanical tests were conducted to observe the change in Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), Flexural strength (FS), and Flexural Modulus (FM) of the laminates due to the addition of fillers. Oxy-acetylene torch tests were carried out on all classes of laminates to study the influence of these new class of fillers on the ablative properties of composites such as Liner Ablation Rate (LAR) and Mass ablation rate (MAR). A heat flux of 835 W/cm² was applied for the ablation test in this experiment. The results indicated that the addition of CBNP (5 wt %) significantly enhances the ablation properties of Carbon/Phenolic composites (LAR & MAR reduce by 60 % & 62 % respectively), while it degrades for Silica/Phenolic composites (LAR & MAR increase by 17 % & 27 % respectively.

The use of material like synthetic plastic going through injection moulding arising the health problem and hazard to the operator and the environment. The melting plastic used for injection moulding are hazardous to the operator where the potentials of getting skin burns from contact with the heated barrel or from splattering hot plastic and gases or vapours. Photochemical oxidation contain in the plastic depleting the ozone layer. The aim of the study is to design an open mould suitable for the hand lay-up technique of the Kenaf fiber with epoxy resin adhesion. The analysis of the mould designed by using CAD is to study its mechanical properties such as plasticity. The analysis shown the critical part of the moulding is at its centre where the deformation happened. The mould will return to its original shape when the force applied is removed due to the maximum value for shear and equivalent elastic strain did not reach 0.4 m/m which will cause silicon rubber material to tear and failed.