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In this paper, we have dealt with the problem to transport large heavy objects using a group of small mobile robots. Generally, payload of the robot, the maximum weight of the object that the robot can operate, is very small and they cannot transport heavy objects with standard coordinated grasping methodology. This paper considers a method of transporting an object using handcarts by tilting the object to load it on the handcarts. To resolve the problem of avoiding overturning of the object by the robots and sliding of the handcart while tilting the object, an outrigger device is used to prevent the first problem of tilting, and a handcart locking device is used to prevent the second problem of sliding. As both devices need to be used only when necessary, a mechanism that can fix and release the devices according to situations is newly designed. Two robots were trial fabricated: an object-tilting robot equipped with an outrigger mechanism and a handcart transport robot to handle the handcarts. Both robots are smaller than 0.6 m × 0.6 m with payload of 2.5 kg. They are equipped with a handcart mechanism that can be locked and unlocked. The use of the coordination and lock mechanisms by these robots has realized transport of objects approximately 1 m high and weighing approximately 35 kg and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system in a real-world environment where robot mechanism errors, mobility errors, and observation errors occur.

Filmed in New York's Lower East Side, the scene is a street where several pushcart vendors have gathered to sell their goods. In the foreground are fruit and vegetable carts. An elevated railroad track crosses over the street in the background. As the film progresses, two policemen can be seen heading up the street toward the camera and ordering all of the vendors to move. One of the policemen approaches the camera waving his nightstick, and the cart in the foreground begins moving. The film ends with a closeup of the policeman scolding the vendor. From a contemporary Edison film company catalog: MOVE ON. In certain sections of New York City large numbers of Jewish and Italian push-cart vendors congregate so closely along the sidewalks that they interfere with traffic. Policemen keep them moving. The picture shows how the frightened peddlers hurry away when a bluecoat appears. Some of the carts are piled high with fruits of all kinds, and it is interesting and amusing to see the expressions of combined fear and anxiety on the faces of the men as they hurry away; the fear of being arrested if they stand, and of losing some of their wares if the carts strike an obstruction in the street.

In the summer of 1860 the author of these recollections, Mary Ann Stucki, then six years old, walked beside her parents' handcart from Florence (Omaha), Nebraska, to Salt Lake City, Utah.The family, converts to Mormonism, had left their comfortable home near Bern, Switzerland, to make the long journey to the Mormon Zion.

In the decades around 1900, native-born Americans and immigrants fought a variety of battles about environmental issues. Those battles had important consequences. The critique of immigrants also reveals that native-born Americans had more complicated views about nature than environmental historians have acknowledged. Though a back-to-nature impulse was a defining characteristic of the Progressive Era, the complaints about immigrants make clear that some forms of closeness to nature made many Americans deeply uncomfortable.

Rural Central and Western Africa is losing its population to cities (Adepoju, 2005). The young men described in this article have left poor economic conditions in the Central African Republic for a better life in Cameroon. They are mostly orphans who left their homes before the age of 15 and, through various paths, found their way to Tongo, a Muslim neighbourhood in the centre of the fast-growing city Ngaoundéré in northern Cameroon. All those 'who come' rely on whatever opportunities they can carve out in the relation between themselves as individuals and the host community. Available work is mostly within petty-service which was the work for slaves in the 19th and most of the 20th century. Drawing on ethnographic material gathered over a period of ten years, this article asks: What strategies are used by the young men coming to urban Ngaoundéré to gain access to work and to survive? In this specific setting, the quality of the relation between the young men who have come and the Muslim women is of special concern. Accepting slave like working conditions, following certain rules of respectability and a reciprocal logic, with the work providers; some migrants find their surviving strategies. Not accepting or not being able to negotiate such work conditions is work access denied, witch is extremely dramatic for young men with out any social network in the city. The article merges approaches from visual anthropology and 'the ethnography of the particular' (Abu-Lughod, 1991), and aims at making a fresh contribution to the study of migration and youths in urban Africa.

In a previous risk factor study in Jakarta we identified purchasing street food as an independent risk factor for paratyphoid. Eating from restaurants, however, was not associated with disease. To explain these findings we compared 128 street food-vendors with 74 food handlers from restaurants in a cross-sectional study in the same study area. Poor hand-washing hygiene and direct hand contact with foods, male sex and low educational level were independent characteristics of street vendors in a logistic regression analysis. Faecal contamination of drinking water (in 65% of samples), dishwater (in 91%) and ice cubes (in 100%) was frequent. Directly transmittable pathogens including S. typhi (n=1) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (n=6) were isolated in faecal samples in 13 (7%) vendors; the groups did not differ, however, in contamination rates of drinking water and Salmonella isolation rates in stools. Poor hygiene of street vendors compared to restaurant vendors, in combination with faecal carriage of enteric pathogens including S. typhi, may help explain the association found between purchasing street food and foodborne illness, in particular Salmonella infections. Public health interventions to reduce transmission of foodborne illness should focus on general hygienic measures in street food trade, i.e. hand washing with soap, adequate food-handling hygiene, and frequent renewal of dishwater.

Sext of Saudade, the precursor to Jihad Against Violence, is a collaboration between a Pakistani American woman and an Italian American woman. The play interrogates the contradictions and corroborations within a butch/femme dynamic informed by various identity markers including gender, sexuality, class, and race.