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In the expansive canon of Civil War memoirs, relatively few accounts from women exist. Among the most engaging and informative of these rare female perspectives is Constance Cary Harrison's Recollections Grave and Gay, a lively, first-person account of the collapse of the Confederacy by the wife of President Jefferson Davis's private secretary. Although equal in literary merit to the well-known and widely available diaries of Mary Boykin Chesnut and Eliza Frances Andrews, Harrison's memoir failed to remain in print after its original publication in 1916 and, as a result, has been lost to all but the most diligent researcher. In Refugitta of Richmond, Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes Jr. and S. Kittrell Rushing resurrect Harrison's work, reintroducing an especially insightful perspective on the Southern high command, the home front, and the Confederate elite. Born into an old, aristocratic Virginia family in 1843, Constance Cary fled with her family from their estate near Alexandria, Virginia, to Richmond in 1862. There, the nineteen-year-old met Burton Norvell Harrison, a young math professor from the University of Mississippi who had come to the Confederate capital to work for Davis. The pair soon became engaged and joined the inner circle of military, political, and social leaders at the Confederate White House. Under the pen name \"Refugitta,\" Constance also wrote newspaper columns about the war and became a respected member of Richmond's literary community. Fifty years later, Constance used her wartime diaries and letters to pen her recollections of her years in Richmond and of the confusing months immediately after the war. She offers lucid, insightful, and detailed observations of the Confederate home front even as she reflects on the racial and class biases characteristic of her time and station. With an informative introduction and thorough annotations by Hughes and Rushing, Refugitta of Richmond provides a highly readable, often amusing, occasionally troubling insider's look at the Confederate nerve center and its ultimate demise. Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes Jr. is the author or editor of twenty books relating to the American Civil War, including The Life and Wars of Gideon J. Pillow; Brigadier General Tyree H. Bell, C.S.A.: Forrest's Fighting Lieutenant; and Yale's Confederates. S. Kittrell Rushing, Frank McDonald Professor of History at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, is the editor of Eliza Frances Andrews's A Family Secret and Journal of a Georgia Woman, 1870-1872. Rushing also edited and annotated Judge Garnett Andrews's Reminiscences of an Old Georgia Lawyer.

In the late nineteenth century, adult and public learning pedagogy were the key instruments utilised in the campaign to achieve Victorian Women's Suffrage. The democratic process of changing state government legislation on franchise demanded multiple pedagogical methods. Through the actions of Bessie Harrison Lee (1860-1950), this paper identifies the reaching out to urban and rural women by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), where they engaged in a transformative exercise in consciousness-raising. This helped women visualise the possibilities of improving their lives through the democratic process. The WCTU taught Lee the value of femalecentred political action. The WCTU and Lee's involvement successfully influenced the suffrage debate and contributed to the emerging international women's culture (McLean and Baroud, 2020, p. 506). Part of this culture featured Australian women adopting the petition as a political instrument. The petition had already had a long history in Britain, used by groups with little political influence. Ian Fletcher's conception of the British Empire as \"a set of relations, rather than the sum of their parts, as frameworks structuring political, economic and cultural exchanges between metropole and colonies\" is useful in understanding how political ideas travelled to and were adapted in the Australian context (Fletcher, Levine and Mayall, 2012, p. xiv). This paper argues that new ways of knowing were made possible by Lee, who, empowered by the evangelical faith (her cultural capital) spoke out confidently in public spaces such as town halls, outside public bars, and on the front doorsteps of women's homes in both cities and rural towns. These spaces were the places of learning, or as Bourdieu described, the field. Also, the meeting places of the WCTU, whether private lounge rooms or church halls, enabled women to support each other in the political process of debate, addressing community issues, and devising strategic plans to improve the lives of women. Through critical discourse analysis of newspaper reports, WCTU's publication The White Ribbon, the Victorian Alliance publication Alliance Record, and Lee's autobiography, this paper identifies these learning spaces. It also explores the community of practice in WCTU meetings, doorknocking, pamphleteering and the physical act of collecting signatures for the 1891 'Victorian Monster Petition'. The language and actions used to enact democratic activity that involves women in ways of saying, doing, and being full citizens are unlocked; however, the WCTU was exclusionary of Indigenous and non-AngloCeltic ancestry. Therefore, their learning spaces were complicit in the Great Silence (Stanner, 1968).

In the late nineteenth century, adult and public learning pedagogy were the key instruments utilised in the campaign to achieve Victorian Women's Suffrage. The democratic process of changing state government legislation on franchise demanded multiple pedagogical methods. Through the actions of Bessie Harrison Lee (1860-1950), this paper identifies the reaching out to urban and rural women by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), where they engaged in a transformative exercise in consciousness-raising. This helped women visualise the possibilities of improving their lives through the democratic process. The WCTU taught Lee the value of femalecentred political action. The WCTU and Lee's involvement successfully influenced the suffrage debate and contributed to the emerging international women's culture (McLean and Baroud, 2020, p. 506). Part of this culture featured Australian women adopting the petition as a political instrument. The petition had already had a long history in Britain, used by groups with little political influence. Ian Fletcher's conception of the British Empire as \"a set of relations, rather than the sum of their parts, as frameworks structuring political, economic and cultural exchanges between metropole and colonies\" is useful in understanding how political ideas travelled to and were adapted in the Australian context (Fletcher, Levine and Mayall, 2012, p. xiv). This paper argues that new ways of knowing were made possible by Lee, who, empowered by the evangelical faith (her cultural capital) spoke out confidently in public spaces such as town halls, outside public bars, and on the front doorsteps of women's homes in both cities and rural towns. These spaces were the places of learning, or as Bourdieu described, the field. Also, the meeting places of the WCTU, whether private lounge rooms or church halls, enabled women to support each other in the political process of debate, addressing community issues, and devising strategic plans to improve the lives of women. Through critical discourse analysis of newspaper reports, WCTU's publication The White Ribbon, the Victorian Alliance publication Alliance Record, and Lee's autobiography, this paper identifies these learning spaces. It also explores the community of practice in WCTU meetings, doorknocking, pamphleteering and the physical act of collecting signatures for the 1891 'Victorian Monster Petition'. The language and actions used to enact democratic activity that involves women in ways of saying, doing, and being full citizens are unlocked; however, the WCTU was exclusionary of Indigenous and non-AngloCeltic ancestry. Therefore, their learning spaces were complicit in the Great Silence (Stanner, 1968).

APRIL 1846 (pg. 212). APRIL 1848 (pg. 212). JULY 1848 (pg. 212). OCTOBER 1848 (pg. 212). NOVEMBER 1848 (pg. 212). DECEMBER 1848 (pg. 212-213). JANUARY (pg. 213-219). FEBRUARY (pg. 219-223). MARCH (pg. 223-230). APRIL (pg. 230-234). MAY (pg. 234-245). JUNE (pg. 245-250). JULY (pg. 251-257). AUGUST (pg. 257-265). SEPTEMBER (pg. 266-271). OCTOBER (pg. 272-281). NOVEMBER (pg. 281-289). DECEMBER (pg. 289-301).

The villa was one of the many homes owned on two continents by Mrs. [Harrison Williams]. Although she had dropped from the society columns in recent years, she was once so well known that Cole Porter referred to her in a 1936 song, ''Ridin' High,'' sung by Ethel Merman in his Broadway show ''Red, Hot and Blue.'' Miss Merman played the role of a woman happy to have won her man, singing: After a short marriage to James Irving Bush, she met Laura Curtis. ''Laura Curtis was engaged to Harrison Williams, one of the wealthiest men in America,'' Mrs. [Pegeen Fitzgerald] said. ''Miss Curtis went to Paris to buy her wedding clothes and asked Mona to look after her fiance.'' Mrs. Williams, once the toast of high society in New York, spent the last 20 years of her life quietly, dividing her time between Rome, Paris and Capri. Last July 10, at the age of 86, she died. ''Up until the end,'' Count [Rudolfo Crespi] said, ''she was still beautiful.''

It was a dinner not without deliberate symbolism. The style was what the party leader called ''informal American.'' His message was one of cheery optimism in a troubled world. He urged Americans to recall their country's history and take heart from it. Any nation, he said, which could move from a ''barren and desolate place'' in 200 years to become the world's No. 1 power, need not look to the future with pessimism. ''But frankly,'' he added, ''the Communist Party of China is a very old friend of the United States. This is the truth. It goes back to the 1930's before there was a Taiwan. So it should be recognized that the Communist Party of China is an old friend.'' ''But,'' he said, ''bygones can be bygones, and friendship can be renewed.'' Meetings With 3 Presidents