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"Hassan II, of Morocco"
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Jewish Tourism in Morocco
Is it possible to bring together Jews of Moroccan origin wherever they may live and convince them to keep in touch with Morocco? This is not merely a question of visiting the country for tourism but, above all, of convincing Moroccan Jews to serve as promoters of Moroccan diplomacy. To achieve this aim, it was imperative to make brave decisions, which is indeed what King Hassan II has done. To give more consistency and significance to the ties of loyalty, the Moroccan state is taking remarkable measures, organising hilloulot (Hb. ‘pilgrimages’), moments of intense spiritual experience evoking a long Jewish presence in Morocco spanning two thousand years.
Journal Article
Tazmamart : 18 years in Morocco's secret prison
The infamous secret prison Tazmamart, still a powerful symbol of contemporary political oppression, was built in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco in 1972 specifically for political prisoners, following the coup d'etat against King Hassan II the year before. As a young army officer, Aziz Binebine was driven to the king's summer residence, ostensibly for large-scale training exercises. There, officers and cadets were led to believe that the king was in danger, and were ordered to fire on visiting dignitaries and diplomats. Chaos broke out and a bloodbath ensued, though the king escaped assassination. Among the last to arrive, Binebine witnessed the horrific massacre; he did not fire a shot, but was nonetheless imprisoned in Kenitra prison and later transferred to Tazmamart. The conditions there were nightmarish: the underground cells were small concrete cubes, impossible to stand up in and visited by rats and snakes. Prisoners were confined in the dark for 24 hours a day, with no protection from the extreme weather. There was no medical treatment, even though gutters overflowed continuously and the stench was constant; the total absence of hygiene caused dysentery and death. BineBine realised that the only way to survive this ordeal was to forget everything outside his cell and prison: the past, his family and his friends. He came to terms with the situation, managed to keep his mind active, found refuge in God - and ultimately survived. Tazmamart is a testament of Binebine's, and his inmates', imprisonment. It is a detailed account of the practical and mental measures he took in order to survive, and an unfiltered depiction of the agony of prison life. Written with touching simplicity and tremendous tenderness, Tazmamart is a hellish journey through the abyss of despair. This powerful and at times searing tale of human tragedy is set to become a cult classic of survival literature.
Book
Update on prostate cancer epidemiology in Morocco
Background
Prostate cancer stands as the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men globally, with over 600,000 new cases annually. In-depth epidemiological studies play a pivotal role in delineating the unique characteristics of specific populations. This study endeavors to comprehensively document the histopathological pattern of Moroccan prostate cancer patients while assessing the extent of underdiagnosis risk within the Moroccan population.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study, encompassing 141 cases of prostate cancer, was conducted. Prostate cancer-confirming biopsies were executed at both the University Hospital Hassan II in Fez and the University Hospital Mohammed VI in Oujda between 2015 and 2021. Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 21 software.
Results
The mean age at presentation was 72 years. Prostatic adenocarcinoma emerged as the only histopathological type observed in our patients. Clinically staged diseases (T2, T3, and T4) were manifested in 71.1% of patients. Poorly differentiated tumors (Gleason grades 8, 9, and 10) were identified in 29.2% of cases. The majority of enrolled patients exhibited an intermediate to high-risk disease state.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the significance of prostate cancer as a substantial public health burden, given the severity of this pathology and the limited accessibility to diagnosis within the population. These results substantiate the necessity for further research into the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Morocco.
Journal Article
Canine Leishmaniasis in Morocco: A Descriptive Prospective Clinical Study
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease that is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin including Morocco. Dogs play a major epidemiological role in this zoonosis as reservoir hosts. This study investigated the clinical manifestations of CanL in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. A total of 96 dogs presented to the Small Animal Clinic of the Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute (IAV Hassan II) of Rabat, Morocco, and were tested by RT-PCR and/or serology. Among them, 32 (33.3%) were positive to Leishmania infantum infection. The majority of the positive dogs (93.7%) came from urban areas. Most of them were male (62.5%) and purebreds (65.6%), were aged between 3 and 7 years (71.8%), and had outside activities (guarding, hunting, livestock guarding, and service activities) (71.8%) and all of them were living exclusively outdoor or had free access to the outdoor environment. Lymphadenomegaly (81.2%), dermatological disorders (65.6%) (mostly exfoliative dermatitis), weight loss (59.3%), exercise intolerance (56.2%), anorexia (28.1%), hyporexia (15.6%), and ocular lesions (28.1%) were the most frequent clinical signs and complaints recorded. Anemia and hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia were observed in 68.7% and 72.7% of the cases, respectively. These results suggest that CanL leads to various nonspecific clinical signs as described previously, making the diagnosis challenging. Since CanL is endemic in Morocco, it should be recommended to systematically test dogs displaying clinical signs compatible with this disease and to regularly screen asymptomatic at-risk dogs. It is also crucial to educate dog owners about the zoonotic aspect of the disease and to encourage intersectorial collaboration following the “One Health” concept, in order to contribute to a more effective control/prevention of human and canine leishmaniasis.
Journal Article
The Effects of Physical and Mac Parameters on the Routing by Cross-Layers Interaction Approach
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are an ad hoc network consisting of miniaturized autonomous sensors that communicate with each other over a radio link. In this paper, the authors' contribution is a cross-layer approach. To achieve this approach, the authors proposed in the first part an improvement of LEACH algorithm named WEIGHTED_LEACH. This algorithm is an enhancement of LEACH by inserting novel factors in the threshold equation in order to choose the best node to be CH by competitiveness strategy. In the second part, the authors propose a new adaptable cross-layer design realized by proposed algorithm and AODV protocol with cross layer interaction algorithm. This is an improvement by the control of data fusion in the network using multi-hop routing based on weight metric deducts from relative parameters of node such RSSI, SINR, residual energy, and distance. A comparative analysis between WEIGHTED_LEACH and LEACH, shown for different configurations the efficiency of the proposition in terms of energy saving and life time of WSN cluster, are evaluate under the NS2 simulator.
Journal Article
An Epic of the Body and of Memory: Atavism and the Critique of Enlightenment in Driss Chraïbi's Une Enquête au pays
This article offers a new reading of Driss Chraïbi's novel Une Enquěte au pays (1981), focusing in particular on the term “enquěte” from its title. While the novel's protagonists do indeed conduct a police “investigation,” it quickly becomes clear that Chraïbi too is conducting a “search” in this novel—both for the autochthonous ways of being, knowing, and doing from which colonial education and French acculturation have severed him and for ways to expose and heal the wounds of Morocco's “Years of Lead.” Using theoretical texts by Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Abdellatif Laâbi, and D. A. Miller, I argue that Enquěte repurposes the conventions of the roman policier to offer a critique of Enlightenment and its violent colonial and postcolonial aftermath. On the one hand, Chraïbi paints a fantastical portrait of autochthonous identity that remains illegible to state forms of knowing and control. On the other hand, he recognizes that, by prying into the minds of his supposedly unknowable Amazigh characters, the author too can become like the police.
Journal Article
The Effect of Lymph Nodes’ Histologic Response on Survival Outcomes in Moroccan Patients with Rectal Cancer
Prognosis for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to elucidate possible association between therapeutic effect on lymph nodes (LNs) and patient prognosis. Overall, 149 patients with rectal cancer received preoperative radiotherapy in concomitance with chemotherapy or exclusive radiotherapy before rectal excision. Microscopic examination of formalin-fixed lymph nodes was assessed for therapeutic effect. The establishment of groups combined reaction tissue types of fibrosis, colloid, and necrosis after neoadjuvant treatment was assigned. The average age was 56.38 years, ranged between 22 and 88 years, 53% were female, and 47% were men, with a sex ratio of 1 : 12. In the present study, we noticed that after a median follow-up time of 40.67 months (0–83; SD: 21.1), overall survival was statistically significant depending on age groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in the rate of patients with an age under 65 years (70.64%) versus those with an age over 85 years (36.5%) (p<0.001). Also, the OS was statistically significant depending on therapeutic effect groups composed of 0TE (No Therapeutic effect), C+ (presence of only colloidal effect), F+ (presence of only fibrosis tissue), and ME+ (mixture of 2 or 3 types of therapeutic effect) group. Indeed, we observed a significantly higher OS rate in the ME + group (86%) compared with the OS rate of LNs group with no therapeutic effect (57%) (p=0.028). Additionally, there was a significant association between the presence of fibrosis on LNs and an extended delay of more than 8 weeks to neoadjuvant treatment completion and surgery. Our study indicates that the best patient prognosis could be predicted based on tumor presenting a best pathologic effect on lymph nodes, and that delaying surgery for more than 8 weeks to neoadjuvant treatment completion improves therapeutic response on LNs.
Journal Article