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The digital transformation of society and public health has created an urgent need for new competencies to address evolving and contemporary public health challenges. While some public health institutions and schools worldwide have begun responding through various training programs and approaches, many have yet to do so. A clearer understanding of the current training landscape can inform more coordinated efforts to update curricula and strengthen digital competency within the public health workforce. This study aimed to map and describe existing digital public health (DPH) training programs, identifying common curricula content, disciplinary involvement, and training approaches. It also aimed to identify gaps and opportunities for curricular adaptation. This environmental scan was conducted in 2 stages, drawing on guidance from studies by Rowel et al and Wilburn et al. First, we performed a systematic search of DPH training programs, followed by interviews with selected program directors to explore their program design and implementation. The scan emphasized a transdisciplinary lens, consistent with the evolving nature of DPH. Between March and May 2023, we searched Google and public health association directories to identify degree programs and courses (as part of degree awarding programs) focused on building capacity for using digital technologies in public health. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with 4 directors of identified programs exploring program characteristics and the inter- or transdisciplinary partnerships essential to their design. Search data were summarized using narrative synthesis, while content analysis was applied to the interview data. Overall, 58 DPH training programs were identified, categorized into 3 groups: public health data science (29/58, 50%), public health informatics (16/58, 28%), and a mix of programs exploring digital competencies (13/58, 22%) related to project management and addressing the digital determinants of health. Interviews revealed that motivation for developing interdisciplinary DPH programs stemmed from the need to meet evolving job market demands and respond to calls for curricular renewal among professional bodies. Effective design and delivery were supported by academic-industry partnerships, which aimed to cultivate professionals with depth in public health and breadth in digital competencies. These programs drew on diverse disciplinary perspectives from academia, the public sector, and private industry. However, sustaining such partnerships was challenged by the need to negotiate shared priorities, reconcile differing viewpoints, and secure ongoing funding. This global scan of DPH training programs found a strong focus on data-centric competencies, with less emphasis on digital skills for health promotion, leadership, and addressing digital determinants of health. Bridging these gaps requires a stepwise approach: integrating digital competencies into existing curricula, offering stand-alone programs for specialized skills, and strengthening partnerships to navigate funding and administrative barriers while promoting equity-driven, interdisciplinary collaboration.

\"Millions of children over the age of five wet their beds every night. Many parents think they must be doing something wrong when their five-year-old is still in diapers while their friends' children are perfectly trained by eighteen months of age. This undoubtedly is a very embarrassing and frustrating problem for both the parent and child, and can interfere with family dynamics and a child's ability to enjoy ordinary social situations. It's Not Your Fault! offers evidence-based strategies for parents who need assistance with toilet training and helping their child with urinary control issues. Dr. Joseph Barone, M.D., provides proven techniques that bring bedwetting to a happy conclusion. Frequently, parents are misguided by bad advice from friends, TV talk shows, the Internet, or parenting books. With many years of clinical experience, Dr. Barone shares valuable, practical information for parents to guide them through the basics of toilet training and bedwetting, and presents management plans to resolve any difficulties that occur. A comprehensive guide, this book covers everything parents need to know about normal toilet training and bedwetting, as well as step-by-step solutions based on testing and research in a real-world setting to help children suffering from delayed toilet training, bed wetting, and daytime urinary wetting. It's Not Your Fault! provides hope and guidance to those desperate to help their children overcome urinary control and toilet training problems. Dr. Barone sets parents on a course that makes things better for both themselves and their children\"-- Provided by publisher.

Digital skills training in health is crucial to ensure that the health care workforce is equipped to leverage the potential of digital technologies in delivering efficient and effective care. Identifying existing training programs can be valuable to describe gaps and opportunities for acceleration in the digital age. This study aimed to map and assess existing continuous education and professional development training options in digital skills in health. As part of the EU-funded project entitled \"TRANSiTION - Digital Transition and Digital Resilience in Oncology,\" an expert-based approach was implemented to identify training programs in 14 European countries. The data were collected via an online survey that was developed for the purpose of this study and consisted of 23 questions categorized in 5 domains: general information, reaction, learning, behavior, and results. The analysis was performed using the 4-level Kirkpatrick model and the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. The analysis of the data showed that 39.6% (19/48) of cases reported no official training in digital skills for the health care workforce, despite the fact that in 95.8% (45/47) of the cases digital solutions were used in the daily practice. Digital skills were a professional qualification in 31.3% (4.38/14) of the countries, and 32 out of 57 programs were provided by academic institutions. Half of the countries scored lower than the mean in the overall performance status according to the Kirkpatrick model, which reflects the gap in knowledge and skills of the workforce. Countries scored at the average or lower in all models' domains: reaction 92.9% (13/14), behavior 78.6% (11/14), learning 71.4% (10/14), and results 50% (7/14). The quality of the programs was poor, as less than half of the competencies were met, and the evaluation reflects the great need for improving health workforce education in digital skills and the application of health technologies in practice. There was variance in the availability and quality of digital skills training across Europe. The development of a comprehensive training program targeted to improve health care professionals' and health managers' knowledge and skills, as well as the incorporation of digital tools into practice, is crucial.

eHealth literacy is an essential skill for pursuing electronic health information, particularly for older people whose health needs increase with age. South Korea is now at the intersection of a rapidly digitalizing society and an increasingly aged population. eHealth literacy enables older people to maximize the effective use of emerging digital technology for their health and quality of life. Understanding the eHealth literacy of Korean older adults is critical to eliminating the gray digital divide and inequity in health information access. This study aims to investigate factors influencing eHealth literacy in older Korean adults and its impact on health outcomes and eHealth use. This was a cross-sectional survey. Community-dwelling older adults 65 years and older in 2 urban cities in South Korea were included. eHealth literacy was measured by the eHealth Literacy Scale. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with eHealth literacy and multivariate ANOVA for the impact of eHealth literacy on health outcomes and eHealth use. In total, 434 participants were analyzed. A total of 22.3% (97/434) of participants had high eHealth literacy skills. Increasing age, higher monthly income, and time spent on the internet were significantly associated with eHealth literacy (P<.001), and social media users were 3.97 times (adjusted odds ratio 3.97, 95% CI 1.02-15.43; P=.04) more likely to have higher skill. Higher eHealth literacy was associated with better self-perceived health and frequent use of digital technologies for accessing health and care services (P<.001). Disparity in socioeconomic status and engagement on the internet and social media can result in different levels of eHealth literacy skills, which can have consequential impacts on health outcomes and eHealth use. Tailored eHealth interventions, grounded on the social and digital determinants of eHealth literacy, could facilitate eHealth information access among older adults and foster a digitally inclusive healthy aging community.

The digital transformation of health services accelerated during the pandemic. While \"digital health\" strategies were created, they paid minimal attention to public health services like health promotion, disease surveillance, emergency preparedness, and health protection. This study aimed to inform a digital public health (DPH) strategy at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) and explored public health practitioners' perspectives on challenges and opportunities of integrating digital technologies into public health functions within the organization. In this qualitative description, we conducted 18 focus groups (FGs) between January and June 2023, drawing practitioners from 9 organizational subunits of the BCCDC including population and public health, environmental health, clinical services, vaccine-preventable diseases, communications, knowledge translation, data analytics, and Indigenous health (2 FGs per subunit). Discussions explored practitioners' application of digital technologies in their public health work, focusing on challenges encountered during implementation (current state FGs) and perceived opportunities (future state FGs). Sessions were audio-recorded, and detailed field notes were taken. Thematic analysis was conducted, comparing perspectives across groups using constant comparative techniques. We identified 3 themes. First, \"bridging existing inequities-an opportunity and a challenge contingent on public trust\" described participants' excitement about opportunities for DPH to disrupt historical inequities if centered on trust and reconciliation, while recognizing current digital transformation efforts risk exacerbating existing inequities with the digital divide. Second, \"a sense of disconnect between \"digital\" and \"public health\" functions\" described perceptions of DPH as being out of scope of core public health duties, requiring new competencies and navigation of complex organizational policies for which support is suboptimal. Third, \"balancing the need for responsive DPH with necessary reactivity\" highlighted practitioners' yearnings for a proactive DPH strategy rather than current issue-based reactive approaches. Participants suggest that a centralized systematic program can help achieve this goal. A cohesive, systematic, and proactive organizational strategy for DPH is critical to enable equity-focused digital transformation. Such a strategy can bridge perceived disconnects between digital and public health functions through organizational supports like competency development and streamlined policies that can better support public health practitioners to integrate digital technologies into their work.

Health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa have changed profoundly over the last 20 years. The economic crisis of the 1980s and 1990s rattled public health care systems, which were largely holdovers from the colonial and postcolonial eras. The later wave of structural adjustments and public sector reforms wrought further change. As African economies opened to market based approaches, the private sector became a sizable source of health care service. Today about half the health expenditures in Africa are private, and private providers play a major role in the delivery of outpatient services. This is draws on the lessons, knowledge, and data gathered by the World Bank's Africa Region Human Resources for Health Program. For the first time, the various complexities of Human Resources for Health (HRH) labor markets are addressed comprehensively in one volume. Given the increasing demand in countries for strong health workforces that can help achieve universal health coverage; we hope this book will be beneficial to researchers, policy makers, and practitioners who are trying to develop evidence-based HRH interventions to achieve this end.