Explore the vast range of titles available.

Recent evidence shows that sport settings can act as a powerful draw to engage men in weight loss. The primary objective of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of delivering and to evaluate preliminary efficacy of Aussie-FIT, a weight-loss program for men with overweight/obesity delivered in Australian Football League (AFL) settings, in preparation for a future definitive trial. This 6-month pilot trial took place in Perth, Australia. Participants were overweight/obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 28 kg/m2), middle-aged (35-65 years old) men. Participants were recruited in May 2018, and the intervention took place between June and December 2018. The intervention involved 12 weekly 90-min face-to-face sessions, incorporating physical activity, nutrition, and behaviour change information and practical activities delivered by coaches at 2 clubs. Data were collected at baseline and immediately postintervention. For trial feasibility purposes, 6-month follow-ups were completed. Outcomes were differences in weight loss (primary outcome) and recruitment and retention rates, self-reported measures (for example, psychological well-being), device-measured physical activity, waist size, and blood pressure at 3 months. Within 3 days of advertising at each club, 426 men registered interest; 306 (72%) were eligible. Men were selected on a first-come first-served basis (n = 130; M age = 45.8, SD = 8; M BMI = 34.48 kg/m2, SD = 4.87) and randomised by a blinded researcher. Trial retention was 86% and 63% at 3- and 6-month follow-ups (respectively). No adverse events were reported. At 3 months, mean difference in weight between groups, adjusted for baseline weight and group, was 3.3 kg (95% CI 1.9, 4.8) in favour of the intervention group (p < 0.001). The intervention group's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was higher than the control group by 8.54 min/day (95% CI 1.37, 15.71, p = 0.02). MVPA among men attracted to Aussie-FIT was high at baseline (intervention arm 35.61 min/day, control arm 38.38 min/day), which may have limited the scope for improvement. Aussie-FIT was feasible to deliver; participants increased physical activity, decreased weight, and reported improvements in other outcomes. Issues with retention were a limitation of this trial. In a future, fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT), retention could be improved by conducting assessments outside of holiday seasons. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392.

Purpose Creating a healthy lifestyle is important across different life stages. Commercial smart wearable devices are an innovative and interesting approach as an early psychological intervention for modifying health-related behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of smart wearable devices on health-promoting lifestyles and quality of life. Methods The study design was a three-parallel randomized controlled trial with a 3-month intervention. Two commercial smart wearable devices (smartwatches and smart bracelets) with different levels of complicated functions were applied as a psychological intervention in comparison with a smartphone app as the control group. Participants were healthy young adults with a median age of 26 years. Outcome measurements were conducted by self-administered questionnaires. Chi-square tests and ANOVA were performed for testing the difference of participants at baseline, and generalized estimating equations were performed for testing the effect of the intervention. Results At the beginning, 81 participants were recruited and 73 participants completed the study. Results of a healthy lifestyle demonstrated significant group effects of exercise and a significant effect of the interaction for self-actualization and stress management in the experimental group with a smartwatch (Self-actualization: MD = 0.35[− 0.10,0.80]; Exercise: MD = 0.21[− 0.33 0.75]; Stress management: MD = 0.36[− 0.04,0.76]) by comparing with only using mobile app (Self-actualization: MD =  − 0.03[− 0.25,0.18]; Exercise: MD =  − 0.12[− 0.38,0.14]; Stress management, MD =  − 0.28[− 0.55,0.00]). The significant effect of group-by-time interaction for self-actualization was found in the experimental group with a smart bracelet (MD = 0.05[− 0.30,0.20]) by comparing with the control group. The GEE-adjusted model indicated significant effects of the interaction on the comprehensive, physical, and mental quality of life in the experimental group with the smartwatch (Comprehensive: MD = 0.24[− 0.04,0.52]; Physical: MD = 0.67[0.26,1.09]; Mental: MD = 0.72[0.29,1.16]) by comparing with the control group (Comprehensive: MD =  − 1.57[− 2.55, − 0.59]; Physical: MD = 0.25[0.00,0.50]; Mental: MD = 0.08[− 0.11,0.27]). Conclusion From a psychological perspective, smart wearable devices have potential benefits of shaping a healthy lifestyle and improving the quality of life. Enhancing the utility of commercial well-designed smart wearable devices is an innovative and effective strategy for promoting public health.

Obesity-related hyperinsulinism may impede lifestyle-initiated weight loss. Proof-of-concept study to investigate the amplifying effects of diazoxide (DZX)-mediated insulin suppression on lifestyle-induced weight loss in nondiabetic, hyperinsulinemic, obese men. Twelve-month study comprising an initial 6-month, double-blind trial, followed by a partially de-blinded 6-month extension in men with obesity with a body mass index of 30 to 37.5 kg/m2 and a fasting serum C-peptide level >1.00 nM. Patients were randomized into three treatment groups: DZX + placebo (DZX + PL), DZX + metformin (DZX + MTF), and double PL (PL + PL). At 6 months, DZX treatment was associated with a 6.1-kg PL-subtracted decline in fat mass (FM), and at 12 months, FM had decreased by a total of 15.7 ± 2.5 kg. Twelve months of DZX treatment was also associated with a significant decline in systolic (-6.6%) and diastolic (-8.6%) blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-18%) and triglycerides (-43%) and a 39% rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. These effects were achieved at the cost of a small rise in fasting glucose (95% CI: 0.2 to 1.0 mM) and hemoglobin A1c (95% CI: -0.08% to 0.44%). There were no differences between DZX monotherapy and the combination of DZX + MTF. High-dose DZX treatment of 1 year resulted in a substantial decrease in FM, blood pressure, and lipid levels at the cost of a small rise in blood glucose levels.

Background Health promoting behaviors are among the determinants of health. Hemodialysis causes significant changes in the lives of patients and affects their health promoting behaviors. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the effect of exercise during hemodialysis on health promotion behaviors in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods This study was a two-stage (before and after) clinical trial. The sample of the study consisted of 60 hemodialysis patients in two hospitals in Isfahan who were selected randomly and divided into two groups of control and intervention using random allocation method. A 8-week exercise program by stationary bicycles (Mini-bike) was designed for the intervention group, while the control group underwent a 10-min limbering exercise for 8 weeks. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) questionnaire before and after the intervention and were analyzed using SPSS21 software. Results Based on the independent t-test results, no significant difference was observed between the mean score of health promoting behaviors and its areas before the intervention ( P  > 0.05). However, the results of this test showed that the mean score of health promoting behaviors and its areas, except for the areas of responsibility ( P  = 0.052) and spirituality ( P  = 0.211), was significantly different between the two groups after the intervention ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study showed that exercise with stationary bicycle during hemodialysis could promote health promoting behaviors. Thus, this exercise is recommended to be considered as part of the therapeutic protocol of these patients in hemodialysis departments. Trial registration The clinical trial was found to be in accordance to the ethical principles and the national norms and standards for conducting medical research in Iran. IRCT registration number: IRCT20150116020675N3 . Registration date: 2019-01-18, 1397/10/28 Approval ID: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1397.014 Approval Date: 2018-07-01 Evaluated by: Vice-Chancellor in Research Affairs -Medical University of Isfahan

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian women remained high over the past three decades. Collaboration with existing community at-risk may be feasible for wide-scale prevention of overweight and obesity in the country. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of community-based lifestyle intervention among overweight and obese women on their anthropometric and body composition changes as compared to the usual care group. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in low-cost flats in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 255 overweight and obesity individuals aged between 18 to 59 years old were assigned to either the lifestyle intervention group ( n  = 169) or the usual care group ( n  = 146) over a period of 6 months. Individuals in the intervention group received 6 individual lifestyle counselling comprised of physical activity, diet counselling and self-monitoring components aimed to achieve at least 5% weight loss while individuals in the usual care group obtained six sessions of health care seminars from health care providers. These individuals were then followed-up for another 6 months without any intervention as part of maintenance period. Results An intention-to-treat analysis of between-groups at 6-month of intervention (β, 95% CI) revealed greater changes in weight among intervention individuals’ (− 1.09 kg vs. -0.99; p  < 0.018) as compared to the control group. These changes were not sustained during the maintenance phase (between 6 and 12 months). Overall significant improvement at 12th month was found for visceral fat (− 0.78 vs. -0.64; p -value = 0.017), although no significant changes between groups were detected either during intervention or maintenance phase ( p  > 0.05). Individuals in the intervention group showed a significant increase for skeletal muscle mass (0.13 kg) than those individuals in the control group (− 0.37 kg), p  = 0.033, throughout the study period. Conclusion This study provides evidence that an overweight and obesity prevention program can be implemented in a community setting, with some reduction of several anthropometric and body composition parameters.

Background Physical activity (PA) has health benefits for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Indeed, regular PA is considered an important part of any T2D management plan, yet most patients adopt a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise referral schemes (ERS) have the potential to effectively promote physical activity among T2D patients, and their effectiveness may be enhanced when they are supported by computer-based technologies. The ‘TRIPL-A’ study (i.e., a TRIal to promote PhysicaL Activity among patients in the young-old age affected by T2D) aims to assess if realizing an innovative ERS, based on a strong partnership among general practitioners, specialist physicians, exercise specialists, and patients, and supported by a web-based application (WBA), can effectively lead sedentary older T2D patients to adopt an active lifestyle. Methods A randomized controlled design will be used, and an ERS, supported by a WBA, will be implemented. 300 physically inactive T2D patients (aged 65–74 years) will be assigned to either an intervention or control arm. Control arm patients will only receive behavioral counseling on physical activity and diet, while intervention arm patients will also undergo an 18-month (3 day/week), discontinuously supervised aerobic exercise training program. The trial will be divided into six three-month periods: during first, third and fifth period, an exercise specialist will supervise the training sessions and, using the WBA, prescribe exercise progression and monitor exercise adherence. Patients will exercise on their own in the other periods. Patients’ sedentary behaviors (primary outcome), PA level, fitness status, metabolic profile, psychological well-being, quality of life, and use of health care services (secondary outcomes) will be assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline. Repeated measure ANCOVAs will be used to compare the intervention and control arm with respect to each study outcome measure. Discussion Primary and secondary outcome results will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of an ERS, specifically designed for the management of T2D clinical conditions and supported by a WBA, in promoting PA within Italian primary care settings. Trial registration This trial is retrospectively registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (reference number: ACTRN12618001164280 ; registered 13 July 2018).

An active cognitive lifestyle has been suggested to have a protective role in the long-term maintenance of cognition. Amongst healthy older adults, more managerial or supervisory experiences in midlife are linked to a slower hippocampal atrophy rate in late life. Yet whether similar links exist in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is not known, nor whether these differences have any functional implications. 68 volunteers from the Sydney SMART Trial, diagnosed with non-amnestic MCI, were divided into high and low managerial experience (HME/LME) during their working life. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing, structural and resting-state functional MRI. Group comparisons were performed on hippocampal volume, morphology, hippocampal seed-based functional connectivity, memory and executive function and self-ratings of memory proficiency. HME was linked to better memory function ( p  = 0.024), mediated by larger hippocampal volume ( p  = 0.025). More specifically, deformation analysis found HME had relatively more volume in the CA1 sub-region of the hippocampus ( p  < 0.05). Paradoxically, this group rated their memory proficiency worse ( p  = 0.004), a result correlated with diminished functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and right prefrontal cortex ( p  < 0.001). Finally, hierarchical regression modelling substantiated this double dissociation.

Background Regular physical exercise and healthy lifestyle can improve aerobic power of the elderly, although lung capacity gradually deteriorates with age. The aims of the study are: a) to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a treadmill exercise program on arterial blood oxygenation (SaO 2 ), maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) and maximum walking distance (MWD) in healthy elderly people; b) to examine the outcome of the program at a supervised short-term and at an unsupervised long-term. Methods A prospective, not-randomized controlled intervention trial (NRCT) was conducted. Eighty participants were allocated into two homogeneous groups (training group, TG, n  = 40; control group, CG, n  = 40). Each group consisted of 20 men and 20 women. Pre-intervention measures of SaO 2 , VO 2max and MWD were taken of each participant 1-week before the training program to establish the baseline. Also, during the training program, the participants were followed up at the 12, 30 and 48th week. The exercise program consisted of walking on a treadmill with fixed 0 % grade of inclination 3 times weekly for 48 weeks; the first 12 weeks were supervised and the remaining 36 weeks of the program were unsupervised. Participants in the control group were encouraged to walk twice a week during 45 min, and received standard recommendations for proper health. Results Related to the baseline, the SaO 2, VO 2max , and MWD is greater in the intervention group at the 12 th ( p <.001), 30 th ( p <.001) and 48 th week ( p <.001). Compared with the control group, there was also a significant improvement of SaO 2, VO 2max , and MWD valuesin the intervention group ( p <.001) at the 12 th ( p <.001), 30 th ( p <.001) and 48 th week ( p <.001). Supervised intervention shows greater improvement of SaO 2, VO 2max , and MWD values than in the unsupervised one. Conclusion These results show that performing moderate exercise, specifically walking 3 days a week, is highly recommended for healthy older people, improving aerobic power. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12621097 .

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and commu-nity strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by a national panel of experts in cancer re-search, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and reflects the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS guideline focuses on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this com-mittee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recom-mendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. This 2020 ACS guideline is consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.

Periconception lifestyle behaviors affect maternal, paternal, offspring, and transgenerational health outcomes. Previous research in other target populations has shown that personalized lifestyle interventions, in which face-to-face counseling and eHealth (\"blended care\") are combined, may effectively target these lifestyle behaviors. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a periconceptional lifestyle intervention on the improvement of specific lifestyle components. A blended periconception lifestyle care approach was developed, combining the outpatient lifestyle counseling service \"Healthy Pregnancy\" with the eHealth platform \"Smarter Pregnancy\" (www.smarterpregnancy.co.uk) in which lifestyle was coached for 24 weeks. All couples contemplating pregnancy or already pregnant (≤12 weeks of gestation) who visited the outpatient clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between June and December 2018, were invited to participate. We measured changes in lifestyle behaviors at weeks 12 and 24 compared with baseline. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the changes in lifestyle behaviors over time. Subgroup analyses were performed for women with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m ), women pregnant at the start of the intervention, and those participating as a couple. A total of 539 women were screened for eligibility, and 450 women and 61 men received the blended periconception intervention. Among the participating women, 58.4% (263/450) were included in the preconception period. Moreover, 78.9% (403/511) of the included participants completed the online lifestyle coaching. At baseline, at least one poor lifestyle behavior was present in most women (379/450, 84.2%) and men (58/61, 95.1%). In the total group, median fruit intake increased from 1.8 to 2.2 pieces/day (P<.001) and median vegetable intake increased from 151 to 165 grams/day (P<.001) after 24 weeks of online coaching. The probability of taking folic acid supplementation among women increased from 0.97 to 1 (P<.001), and the probability of consuming alcohol and using tobacco in the total group decreased from 0.25 to 0.19 (P=.002) and from 0.20 to 0.15 (P=.63), respectively. Overall, the program showed the strongest effectiveness for participating couples. Particularly for vegetable and fruit intake, their consumption increased from 158 grams/day and 1.8 pieces/day at baseline to 190 grams/day and 2.7 pieces/day at the end of the intervention, respectively. We succeeded in including most participating women in the preconception period. A high compliance rate was achieved and users demonstrated improvements in several lifestyle components. The blended periconception lifestyle care approach seems to be an effective method to improve lifestyle behaviors. The next step is to further disseminate this approach and to perform a randomized trial to compare the use of blended care with the provision of only eHealth. Additionally, the clinical relevance of these results will need to be substantiated further.