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Understanding how functional connectivity can provide mobile consumers access to key resources can inform habitat management. The spatial arrangement of landscape features, for example, can affect movement among resource patches. Guided by the Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Integrated Resource Management Department (HIRMD), and within Haíɫzaqv Territory, coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada, our objectives were to (1) estimate functional connectivity for grizzly and black bears (Ursus arctos and U. americanus, respectively) among aggregations of spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), (2) identify important movement pathways for landscape planning, and (3) contribute to the growing body of functional connectivity research on dynamic ecological systems. Using circuit theory and least cost paths, we predicted movement among salmon spawning reaches within a 5618 km2 study area. Variables affecting bear movement were parameterized by drawing on the relevant literature and Haíɫzaqv Knowledge. We validated our cumulative resistance surface with observed movements as identified via genetic recapture data. Modeled current from Circuitscape suggested areas of high connectivity between salmon spawns within and among watersheds. Our least cost paths model identified principal routes, which we then ranked to illustrate possible corridors for consideration by HIRMD planners. Understanding movement among salmon spawns, a fitness‐related food, provides key information to inform landscape planning for bears. Further, our work provides an example of connectivity research codeveloped, executed, and applied with an Indigenous government. Our team, which included the Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Integrated Resource Management Department (HIRMD), estimated functional connectivity for grizzly and black bears among aggregations of spawning Pacific salmon, a fitness‐related food. Our model, validated with movement data from genetic tagging, identified important movement pathways to inform landscape planning within Haíɫzaqv Territory. Our work offers an example of applied connectivity research co‐developed with an Indigenous government.

Harbour (2016) argues for a parsimonious universal set of features for grammatical person distinctions, and suggests (ch. 7) that the same features may also form the basis for systems of deixis. We apply this proposal to an analysis of Heiltsuk, a Wakashan language with a particularly rich set of person-based deictic contrasts (Rath 1981). Heiltsuk demonstratives and third-person pronominal enclitics distinguish proximal-to-speaker, proximal-to-addressee, and distal (in addition to an orthogonal visibility contrast). There are no forms marking proximity to third persons (e.g., ‘near them’) or identifying the location of discourse participants (e.g., ‘you near me’ vs. ‘you over there’), nor does the deictic system make use of the clusivity contrast that appears in the pronoun paradigm (e.g., ‘this near you and me’ vs. ‘this near me and others’). We account for the pattern by implementing Harbour's spatial element χ as a function that yields proximity to its first- or second-person argument. Harbour (2016) propose un ensemble universel et parcimonieux de traits universels pour rendre compte des distinctions grammaticales de personne, et suggère (ch. 7) que ces mêmes traits peuvent également servir de base aux systèmes de deixis. Nous appliquons cette approche à une analyse de heiltsuk, une langue wakashan avec un système particulièrement riche de contrastes déictiques basés sur la personne (Rath 1981). Les démonstratifs de heiltsuk, ainsi que les enclitiques pronominaux à la troisième personne, distinguent entre le proximal au locuteur, le proximal à l'écouteur, et le distal (en plus d'un contraste orthogonal de visibilité). Il n'y a pas de formes qui marquent la proximité à une troisième personne (p. ex. ‘près d'eux’) ni qui situent les participants au discours (p. ex. ‘vous près de moi’ vs ‘vous à distance’). Le système démonstratif n'utilise pas non plus le contraste de clusivité qui figure dans le paradigme pronominal (par exemple, ‘celui près de toi et de moi’ vs ‘celui près de moi et d'autres’). Nous expliquons ce système en modifiant l'élément spatial χ de Harbour (2016), en une fonction qui retourne une relation de proximité par rapport à son argument de première ou de deuxième personne.

The Price of the Prize is a documentary by Canadian filmmaker Brandy Yanchyk about the First Nations' fight to end grizzly bear trophy hunting in the Great Bear Rainforest in British Columbia. The film follows the Heiltsuk, Kitasoo Xai'xais, and Gitga'at First Nations as they enforce their ban on trophy hunting through the presence of Coastal Guardian Watchmen. The documentary also shows how the environmental group the Raincoast Conservation Foundation is purchasing grizzly bear trophy hunting licenses in the Great Bear Rainforest to try to stop the commercial trophy hunt.The Price of the Prize gives the viewer unique access to Canada's First Nations and provides the audience with a breath taking view of many majestic animals that live in the Great Bear Rainforest, including grizzly bears and the elusive Spirit Bear.

Both leaders are concerned with creating a sustainable future in a particular territory in coastal British Columbia, but they are driven by different paradigms. Since the early 1990s, the goal of environmental groups to protect the \"pristine wilderness\" from resource extraction has brought them into relationship with First Nations on the West Coast of British Columbia and in other parts of Canada (such as the boreal forest).

The body is a primary domain of contestation in colonial encounters. The indigenous response to virgin soil epidemics provides an opening for colonial agents, especially missionaries. Methodist missionaries among the Heiltsuk of the Northwest Coast imposed a hegemonic conception of the body, involving the central practice of discipline. Hegemony and resistance have been enacted in bodily beliefs, practices, and discourses. A focus on the meaningful body as a mediating category reveals important dimensions of processes of culture change. [body, colonialism, missionaries, ethnohistory, Northwest Coast]

This thesis presents a reconstruction of the aboriginal settlement and subsistence patterns of the Bella Bella Indians of the central coast of British Columbia. The introduction discusses intent, rationale, and structure of the thesis and includes a description of location, environment and previous field work in the area. An ethnographic model of Bella Bella culture based on ethnohistoric and ethnographic literature and on data obtained from informants is presented with reference to population estimates, settlement patterns, and subsistence in Chapter II. This presentation is summed up with a discussion on the relationship between subsistence and settlement. The archaeological survey data from five seasons of field research is presented next. Seven types of sites are described: 210 middens, 140 fish traps, 88 rock art, 18 graves, 50 historic, 67 lithic (beach), and 19 other or miscellaneous sites. Archaeological site clusters are compared with the ethnographic settlement model. Data obtained from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada salmon escapement records gathered over the past 32 years for 47 streams in the study area are correlated with midden, fish trap and ethnographic data to see if observable relationships between salmon availability and settlement patterns can be detected. The question of time-depth of settlement and subsistence patterns in this region is approached through presentation of the analysis of excavated data from E1Tb 10, the McNaughton site (Appendix II) and through comparisons with information from other excavations in the region. Conclusions on the relationship of salmon streams to site locations, of ethnography to archaeological site distribution, and of time-depth of subsistence and settlement patterns complete the thesis. Two appendices contain detailed site distribution maps for the Bella Bella region and the McNaughton site report.

The Heiltsuks: Dialogues of Culture and History on the Northwest Coast. Michael E. Harkin. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. 195 pp.

Asher 'The Heiltsuks: Dialogues of Culture and History on the Northwest Coast' by Michael E. Harkin.