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This study addresses a critical research gap by employing Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to examine intersectional relationships between demographic factors and mental health stigma among Malaysian university students—the first comprehensive multidimensional analysis in Malaysia’s multicultural higher education context. A cross-sectional study of 169 students from seven Klang Valley public universities utilized SSRPH and SSOSH scales. MCA mapped demographic-stigma relationships, complemented by chi-square tests, enabling examination of multidimensional interactions conventional methods cannot capture. Four factors significantly determined stigma patterns: ethnicity, religion, age, and residency. Chinese students demonstrated higher stigma levels than Malay/Indian students (46% vs. 29% negative attitudes). Age showed curvilinear patterns, with 23–25 year-olds displaying most positive help-seeking attitudes (26% agreement). Muslim students showed stronger resistance to stigmatizing beliefs (49.7% disagreement) than non-Muslims (25.5%). Rural students displayed greater self-stigma resilience than urban counterparts. Findings necessitate precision mental health interventions tailored to demographic intersections. Results inform culturally sensitive programs including Chinese-specific interventions, age-targeted approaches capitalizing on mid-twenties receptivity, and faith-integrated frameworks. This research provides Malaysian universities evidence-based guidance for demographically informed mental health strategies, contributing to inclusive support systems in multicultural educational settings.

Background Veterinarians have a relatively high prevalence of mental health problems; however, research on professional help-seeking is limited. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and professional help-seeking behaviour for such problems, and the independent factors associated with help-seeking behaviour among veterinarians in Norway. Method This cross-sectional study included all veterinarians in Norway (response rate 75%, 70% women). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for professional help-seeking for mental health problems. Analyses were controlled for socio-demographic, individual (personality trait reality weakness, SCL-5, attitudes toward mental illness), and work-related factors (work field, job stress). Results The prevalence of self-reported mental health problems in need of treatment was 30% (746/2494), significantly higher among women than men (36% vs. 15%). Fifty-four percent had sought professional help, women significantly more often (56%) than men (41%). Among veterinarians with serious suicidal thoughts, 50% (69/139) had sought help. Veterinarians most frequently related mental health problems to work problems (47%), women significantly more often (49%) than men (34%). Factors significantly associated with help-seeking were being female, OR = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.24–3.60), working with production animals, OR = 0.35 (0.13–0.98), public administration, OR = 2.27 (1.15–4.45), academia/research, OR = 4.78 (1.99–11.47) or ‘other’ fields, OR = 2.79 (1.23–6.32), and attitudes toward mental illness, OR = 1.32 (1.03–1.68). Conclusions Thirty percent of veterinarians in Norway reported mental health problems in need of treatment, and only half of them had sought professional help. A low degree of help-seeking was also seen among those with serious suicidal thoughts. Being female, positive attitudes toward treatment of mental illness, working in public administration, academia/research and ‘other’ field were associated with more help-seeking, while working in production animal practice was associated with less help-seeking. Interventions to increase help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems among veterinarians are warranted.

Background Undergraduate students in the UK experience elevated rates of mental health difficulties but often face barriers to accessing formal support. Personal support networks – the friends, family, and other social ties students rely on - may play a critical role in promoting good mental health and guiding effective help-seeking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between support network structure, perceived support availability, and mental health outcomes and help-seeking intentions among UK undergraduate students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was completed by 287 undergraduates from 68 UK universities. Participants reported the size of their support network, relationship durations, relationship diversity, and support diversity using a modified Perceived Support Network Inventory. Perceived support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Depression and anxiety were measured with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, and help-seeking intentions with an adapted General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Associations were examined using Spearman’s rank-order correlational analyses and four multiple linear regression models. Results Larger, longer-standing, and more diverse networks were positively associated with higher levels of perceived support. Perceived support predicted less severe depression and anxiety symptoms, independent of network structure. Students with higher perceived support were more likely to seek informal help and less likely to seek formal help. Network structural features generally did not predict help-seeking, although greater support diversity was associated with lower intention to seek informal help. Conclusions Perceived availability of support, rather than structural characteristics of support networks, was the primary factor linked to improved mental health and help-seeking preferences. Strengthening students’ perceived support may be critical for promoting resilience and encouraging appropriate help-seeking behaviour.

Background Little is known about the presentation, help seeking behaviour for breast cancer in Singapore. Nor was there a study exploring the experience of patients in their breast cancer journey. Methods A qualitative interview study with thematic analysis, conducted with 36 patients. Results There is no clear pattern of presentation for breast cancer by cancer stage at diagnosis, age and ethnicity in the cancer journey of this group of patients. Patients were diagnosed with early to advanced stages cancer regardless of when they presented or took up treatment in their cancer journey. The reasons patients sought medical attention also did not appear to differ between the stages of cancer diagnosed, ethnic and age. Without setting a measure to define early and late presentation, we found that women shared similar experience in their breast cancer journey, regardless of age, ethnicity and stage of cancer at diagnosis. Poor knowledge of breast cancer (symptoms and causes); few practised regular BSE; denial of symptom; fear of hospitalisation, diagnosis and treatment; worries and stress over financial burden of treatment; misinformation in magazine and online sources; diet; stress; caring responsibility; support network; and use of alternative medicine before and after diagnosis were identified in patients’ narratives. Strong social support; fear of being an emotional and financial burden for the family; and financial worries during treatment were also the recurring themes after diagnosis. Conclusion A measure of breast cancer presentation - that accounts for the patient’s experience in the cancer journey, the time interval and tumour biology – that is meaningful to patients, clinicians and researchers is needed. For research on late and delayed presentation, details on BSE practice – how often, when and was it done correctly – will improve the accuracy of time delay interval. For the public, concerted efforts to improve knowledge of breast cancer, survival and prognosis for early-diagnosed cancer, and the importance of regular and correct technique to perform BSE, are critical and urgent to address the rising breast cancer incidence in the country.

Background Help-seeking has been identified as one of the most potent ways of stopping gender-based violence. However, studies have shown that poor help-seeking behaviour persists among women with experience with intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria. This study examines the factors influencing help-seeking behaviour among young women with IPV experience in Nigeria. Young women within the age bracket of 15–29 years were considered because they are disproportionately affected by IPV. Methodology This study utilised the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results The results revealed that religion [χ 2  = 11.700, p  < 0.05], place of residence [χ 2  = 8.710, p  < 0.05], level of education [χ 2  = 14.659, p  < 0.05], and ethnicity [χ 2  = 40.135, p  < 0.05] significantly influence the help-seeking behaviour of young women with experience with IPV. Participants from the South-South region of Nigeria were 49% less likely to seek help (OR 0.49, CI 0.28–0.84, p  < 0.05) compared to those from the South-West region. Additionally, participants with formal education were 35% less likely to seek help (OR 0.35, CI 0.15–0.84, p  < 0.05) than those without formal education. Conclusion The study recommends implementing culturally sensitive and region-specific interventions to address barriers that hinder uneducated women from seeking help. These findings also suggest that policies and programs should consider sociocultural factors such as region, ethnicity, and educational level.

Indigenous peoples are more likely than non-Indigenous peoples to experience family violence (FV), with wide-reaching impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Despite this, service providers indicate that Indigenous peoples are less likely to seek support than non-Indigenous peoples. Little is known about the reasons for this, particularly from the perspective of Indigenous people themselves. In this scoping review, we explore the views Indigenous peoples have on help seeking for FV. Online databases, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched for relevant studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied so that only original studies where the Indigenous voice was specifically sought were chosen. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria including qualitative and mixed-methods research. Studies were conducted in the Americas, New Zealand, Australia, and India. Overall, findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are reluctant to engage in help-seeking behaviors for FV. Data were inductively organized into three main themes reflecting this reluctance: tendency to avoid help seeking (acknowledging the barriers of shame, tight-knit communities, and inappropriate service responses causing mistrust and fear), turning to informal support networks, and help is sought when crisis point is reached. We conclude that to overcome barriers for Indigenous peoples seeking help for FV, improving service providers response to FV through training and more research about what works is required; these activities need to be informed by both male and female Indigenous voices.

Although common mental health problems have been widely studied with self-stigma, few studies have focused on the mediating effect of self-stigma in the relationship between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of refugee adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-stigma mitigates the adverse effects of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian adolescents living in Turkey. The participants of this study included 488 Syrian refugee adolescents (boys, 63.73%; girls, 3627%) living in Turkey. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and General Help-Seeking Scale and Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychology Help Scale. The findings revealed that stress ( = 0.19, < 0.01), anxiety ( = 0.12, < 0.05), and depression ( = 0.17, < 0.01) had significant and positive predictive effects on self-stigma, but not on help-seeking behaviours. Also, self-stigma ( = -0.12, < 0.01) had a significant negative predictive effect on help-seeking behaviours. With regard to the indirect effects, the findings showed that self-stigma fully mediated the associations between stress - help-seeking [effect = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.11 to -0.01], anxiety - help-seeking (effect = -0.04, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01)], and depression - help-seeking (effect = -0.05, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01). Our findings highlight the potential negative effects of self-stigma on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents, both directly and indirectly. These results can be used to develop and implement effective and efficient interventions to address the unmet mental health needs of refugee adolescents.

Background Although many people are satisfied with their outcome after total knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis, around 20% report chronic post‐surgical pain. People are often disappointed and unsure about whether their pain is normal and what can be done about it. Given the high prevalence of long‐term post‐operative pain after knee replacement, there is potentially a large hidden population with an unaddressed need for care. Objective In this study, we focus on understanding why some people choose not to consult health care for chronic post‐surgical pain after knee replacement. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people who had received total knee replacement, at either of two National Health Service hospitals in the United Kingdom, and who had chronic post‐surgical pain (n = 34, age 55‐93 years). Data were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results We found an overall sense of futility amongst participants who believed that nothing further could be done for their on‐going pain. People's perception of their pain was often discordant with that of surgeons and physicians. Other factors that contributed to decisions not to seek help included low expectations about effectiveness and the risks involved in further treatment, treatment burden, participants' prioritization of other health conditions and views about candidacy. Many accepted their on‐going pain. Conclusion Our study indicates why some people with chronic pain after knee replacement do not seek further health care. Understanding patients' beliefs and expectations about chronic post‐surgical pain can inform approaches that might enable people to seek help in the future.

Poor knowledge about mental health disorders and their treatment likely contributes to the large treatment gap reported for mental health problems. Therefore, we studied the association between mental health literacy (MHL) and active help-seeking in a community sample. Participants were recruited from an add-on questionnaire study to the ‘Bern Epidemiological At-Risk’ (BEAR) study on 16–40-year-old community subjects of the Swiss canton Bern. At baseline, data of N = 1504, and at 3-year follow-up, data of N = 535 were available. Based on an unlabelled case vignette (on depression or schizophrenia), MHL was assessed by the questionnaire of Angermeyer and colleagues. Cross-sectional and longitudinal baseline predictors of help-seeking were analysed using path analyses. Additionally, sensitivity analyses of the prospective model were computed for sex, vignette, and baseline mental health problems/disorders. Cross-sectionally, help-seeking was associated with non-endorsement of biogenetic causal explanations, presence of mental health problems/disorders, help-seeking before baseline, poorer functioning, and lower health satisfaction. The prospective model was similar; yet, help-seeking at follow-up was associated with endorsements of the causal explanation ‘biogenetics’ and, additionally, ‘childhood trauma’ but not the presence of baseline mental health problems/disorders. Sensitivity analyses revealed a significant impact on sex, vignette, and mental health problems/disorders. For example, actual functional problems were predictive in males, while health satisfaction was predictive in females. Our findings indicate that future studies on drivers of help-seeking should assess very large community samples with case vignettes on different mental disorders to examine appropriate subgroups and their likely interaction to address group-specific factors in awareness campaigns.

Few studies have investigated the reasons why pregnant and puerperal women fail to seek or accept treatment for perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, where there is a high prevalence of this disorder. To help fill this gap, this study investigated the factors influencing the decision not to seek or to refuse treatment for perinatal depression in a low-income community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Qualitative research was conducted in two primary health care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2017–2018. Five focus groups were held with 26 women. Convenience sampling was used, and the sample size was determined by data saturation. A content analysis methodology was used to identify theme categories to objectively describe the group’s manifest contents. Ten categories were obtained: stigma and misconception, self-image as a mother, socioeconomic stigma, lack of knowledge, lack of a health service approach to mental health, difficulty recognising depression symptoms, fear of children being removed, negative reaction to patient referral, denial of the problem and previous experience with the care unit. Perinatal depression is permeated with stigma and prejudice, and there is a belief that women with depression are unable to be good mothers. It is important to conduct programmes disseminating information about perinatal depression and implementing an approach that includes routine consultations so that women can access perinatal mental health services.