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The aim of this research is to analyze the main influencing factors and relationship between atmospheric environment and economic society. Using the panel data of 18 cities in Henan Province from 2006 to 2020, this paper employed some advanced econometric estimation included entropy method, extended environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and STIRPAT model to conduct empirical estimations. The results show that most regions in Henan Province have verified the existence of the EKC hypothesis; and the peak of air pollution level in all cities of Henan Province generally occurred in around 2014. Multiple linear Ridge regression indicated that the positive driving forces of air pollution in most cities in Henan Province are industrial structure and population size; the negative driving forces are urbanization level, technical level and greening degree. Finally, we used the grey GM (1, 1) model to predict the atmospheric environment of Henan Province in 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040. What should pay close attention to is that air pollution levels in northeastern and central Henan Province will continue to remain high.

Geological environment is a resource base, environmental base, and engineering base for human socioeconomic activities. The main function of the geological environment is to provide stable and safe living space and essential resources for the existence and development of human society. However, geological environmental problems become increasingly prominent in some provinces in China due to fragility of the geological environment, uneven population distribution, backward economic development, and massive construction projects. The function of geological environments in some provinces to support sustainable economic and social development is evidently insufficient, and the threshold values of their geological environmental bearing capacity nearly reach the upper limit. For example, Henan Province, China, an evaluation index system for geological environmental bearing capacity, was established from three aspects, as follows: natural hazard, geological disaster, and disaster control. The weights of evaluation indexes were calculated using the variation coefficient method. Finally, the geological environmental bearing capacity of Henan Province during 2010-2018 was measured through the comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the constructed evaluation index system for geological environmental bearing capacity, which consisted of 34 indexes, was scientific and reasonable. During 2010-2018, the geological environmental bearing capacity of Henan Province was superior or excellent. Geological environmental bearing capacity can be improved by reinforcing the construction of legal rules and laws for geological environmental protection, carrying out research work regarding geological environmental bearing capacity, launching geological environmental monitoring and early warning system construction, and implementing feasibility demonstration for the geological environment of major construction projects. The study results can provide practical guidance and reference to realize the predictive analysis of geological environmental bearing capacity and coordinate human socioeconomic activities and geological environment.

Traditional villages are repositories for preserving human artifacts and cultural heritage. An investigation of the spatial distribution characteristics and factors influencing traditional villages in provincial administrative regions can provide new insights regarding the protection of traditional villages and rural development. This study focused on 275 traditional villages in Henan Province. Using ArcGIS and GeoDa software, we analysed the spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity of the nearest neighbour index, Gini coefficient, Moran’s I, and kernel density of the villages. Additionally, in conjunction with the Python sklearn library and GeoDetector, 15 indicators were selected to construct a decision tree model, spatial lag regression model, and geographic detector. Then the influence and interaction mechanisms of each indicator were analysed. The results revealed that (1) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Henan Province was clustered and uneven, with a spatial layout comprising “3 high-density areas + 1 medium-density belt”; (2) overall, the number of traditional villages was negatively correlated with altitude, slope, rainfall, population density, proportion of the minority population, and historical-cultural intensity; and (3) the decision tree model results demonstrated that the selected 15 indicators had good predictive ability and that population density was particularly important. The spatial lag regression model results showed that the spatial distribution of traditional villages was positively correlated with distance from rivers, urbanization rate, and tourism resources, and negatively correlated with population density, per capita GRP, historical-cultural intensity, and NDVI. (4) The GeoDetector results indicated that historical-cultural intensity and population density were the two factors with the most significant explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of traditional villages in Henan Province. In terms of interactive factors, population density ∩ population was the strongest interactive driving force, followed by population ∩ historical-cultural intensity.

This study aims to investigate the water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) of Henan Province, identify its main obstacles, and provide suggestions for optimizing its WRCC. The article constructs a WRCC evaluation system with 20 indicators for the four subsystems of water resources, economy, society, and ecology based on literature and the actual situation of Henan Province. The entropy weighted TOPSIS method is used to calculate the WRCC of Henan Province from 2005 to 2021. The coupling coordination model is used to explore the degree of coupling coordination among internal systems, while the obstacle model is used to study its restrictive influencing factors. The study found that (1) the WRCC fluctuated in a U-shaped pattern around 0.5 during the study period; (2) the coupling and coordination degree of each subsystem is generally good, except for 2012 and 2013, which showed basic coordination; (3) currently, the main obstacles to the WRCC are ecosystems and water resources. The main indicators are afforestation area, proportion of the tertiary industry, fertilizer usage, and urban sewage treatment rate. Therefore, Henan Province should take measures such as reducing fertilizer usage, standardizing urban sewage treatment, improving water efficiency, and optimizing industrial structure to optimize its WRCC and promote comprehensive utilization of water resources.

The relationship between traditional village landscape genes and the geographical environment is closely intertwined, exhibiting notable spatial differences and cultural characteristics during scale transformations. To effectively elucidate the formation mechanisms of these landscape genes, it is essential to construct a multi-scale analytical framework that integrates multiple dimensions. This paper address these challenges by expanding the sample selection range and combining both qualitative and quantitative analyses of landscape genes across various scales. Subjective judgments reveal that macro conditions influence microscopic responses, which, in turn impact outcomes at the micro level. Similarly, quantitative analyses underscore the significant role of geographic factors in shaping architectural patterns, illustrating the interplay of geographic, cultural, and economic factors across different dimensions. Convergence analysis challenges the simplistic correspondence between subjective judgment and quantitative findings, indicating that macro-level geographic environmental features may not exert as substantial an influence on micro-level architectural clusters as previously assumed. Instead, there are instances where the internal spatial structure of clusters may transcends geographic constraints. The research paradigm centered on landscape genes offers a valuable approach to identifying the factors contributing to spatial disparities in traditional villages and advancing our understanding of the processes and mechanisms governing landscape gene inheritance, expression, and variation.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been declared a global pandemic. Identifying individuals whose infection can potentially become severe is critical to control the case fatality rate of COVID-19. However, knowledge of symptoms that are prognostic of COVID-19 severity is lacking. The objective of our study was to identify symptoms prognostic of COVID-19 infection severity. We analyzed documented symptoms, including fever, cough, fatigue, expectoration, sore throat, chest distress, headache, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, stuffed nose, nausea, vomiting, muscle or joint ache, shortness of breath, and their associations with disease severity using a case series, including 655 confirmed cases from January 23 to February 5, 2020 in Henan Province, China. We also analyzed the influence of individual characteristics, including age, gender, and comorbidities, on symptoms with prognostic value. Fatigue (95% CI 0.141 to 0.334, P<.001), expectoration (95% CI 0.107 to 0.305, P<.001) and stuffed nose (95% CI -0.499 to -0.082, P=.006) were identified as the prognostic symptoms of COVID-19 patients from the multivariate analysis. Fever occurred in 603/655 (92.1%) of the patients but was not associated with disease severity. Fatigue accounted for 184/655 (28.1%) of the patients and was linearly associated with infection severity with statistical significance. Expectoration occurred in 169/655 (25.8%) patients in the cohort and was the sole prognostic factor for patients with cardiovascular complications, including hypertension. Shortness of breath, chest distress, muscle or joint ache, and dry cough, which occurred in 33 (5%), 83 (12.7%), 78 (11.9%), and 276 (42.1%) of the 655 patients, respectively, were significantly enriched among patients classified as severe. Stuffed nose and nausea were associated with favorable disease severity, especially among male patients. More female than male patients were documented as having muscle or joint ache. Headache was most enriched in patents aged 15 to 39 years, followed by those aged 40 to 64 years, with statistical significance. Fatigue and expectoration are signs of severe COVID-19 infection. Shortness of breath, chest distress, muscle or joint ache, and dry cough are prevalent in severe patients. Expectoration is commonly present in older individuals and patients with cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Shortness of breath is prognostic of severe infection in male patients. Stuffed nose and nausea are favorable prognostic factors of severe infection, especially among male patients.

In order to cope with global warming, China has put forward the “30 · 60” plan. We take Henan Province as an example to explore the accessibility of the plan. Tapio decoupling model is used to discuss the relationship between carbon emissions and economy in Henan Province. The influence factors of carbon emissions in Henan Province were studied by using STIRPAT extended model and ridge regression method, and the carbon emission prediction equation was obtained. On this basis, the standard development scenario, low-carbon development scenario, and high-speed development scenario are set according to the economic development model to analyze and predict the carbon emissions of Henan Province from 2020 to 2040. The results show that energy intensity effect and energy structure effect can promote the optimization of the relationship between economy and carbon emissions in Henan Province. Energy structure and carbon emission intensity have a significant negative impact on carbon emissions, while industrial structure has a significant positive impact on carbon emissions. Henan Province can achieve the “carbon peak” goal by 2030 years under the standard and low-carbon development scenario, but it cannot achieve this goal under the high-speed development scenario. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization” as scheduled, Henan Province must adjust its industrial structure, optimize its energy consumption structure, improve energy efficiency, and reduce energy intensity.

The significant spatial heterogeneity among river basin ecosystems makes it difficult for local governments to carry out comprehensive governance for different river basins in a special administrative region spanning multi-river basins. However, there are few studies on the construction of a comprehensive governance mechanism for multi-river basins at the provincial level. To fill this gap, this paper took Henan Province of China, which straddles four river basins, as the study region. The chord diagram, overlay analysis, and carbon emission models were applied to the remote sensing data of land use to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of carbon storage caused by land-use changes in Henan Province from 1990 to 2018 to reflect the heterogeneity of the contribution of the four basins to human activities and economic development. The results revealed that food security land in the four basins decreased, while production and living land increased. Ecological conservation land was increased over time in the Yangtze River Basin. In addition, the conversion from food security land to production and living land was the common characteristic for the four basins. Carbon emission in Henan increased from 134.46 million tons in 1990 to 553.58 million tons in 2018, while its carbon absorption was relatively stable (1.67–1.69 million tons between 1990 and 2018). The carbon emitted in the Huai River Basin was the main contributor to Henan Province’s total carbon emission. The carbon absorption in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin had an obvious spatial agglomeration effect. Finally, considering the current need of land spatial planning in China and the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 set by the Chinese government, we suggested that carbon sequestration capacity should be further strengthened in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin based on their respective ecological resource advantages. For future development in Hai River Basin and Huai River Basin, coordinating the spatial allocation of urban scale and urban green space to build an ecological city is a key direction to embark upon.

This study constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for new quality productive forces in Henan Province by integrating an improved entropy weight-TOPSIS method with deep learning techniques. The term “new quality productive forces” follows the official expression used in Chinese economic planning documents. A multi-dimensional indicator system encompassing innovation-driven development, digital transformation, green development, industrial integration, and factor coordination was established and optimized through deep learning-based feature extraction, achieving 35% indicator reduction while maintaining 94.6% information retention. Empirical analysis of 18 cities from 2018 to 2023 reveals significant spatial-temporal disparities in new quality productive forces development, characterized by a “core-periphery” structure and east-west development gradient. The improved methodology demonstrated superior performance in both accuracy (92.7%) and stability compared to traditional evaluation approaches. The findings indicate steady provincial progress with a 6.6% average annual growth rate, with digital transformation emerging as the fastest-growing dimension while innovation-driven development exhibits the highest regional disparity. Based on these results, targeted policy recommendations are proposed to promote balanced advancement of new quality productive forces across Henan Province.

Quantitative assessment of the water use balance between economic society and ecology (EEWB) is the basis for coordinating the competitive relationship of water use between human activity and ecological requirements and. It is of great significance for optimizing the water resources carrying capacity and achieving a healthy regional water balance. Based on the concept of harmonious balance, this paper puts forward the definition and connotation of EEWB regarding the competition in water use between economic society and ecology. And, a novel framework for assessing the EEWB is proposed. It has four aspects relating to water resources, economic society, ecology, and human-water relationship. Linked to these aspects the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, Water Ecological Footprint (WEF) model, InVEST model and indicators system of human-water relationship are used to establish a water resources efficiency index (I EEWB-W ), economic society high-quality development index (I EEWB-ES ), ecology health index (I EEWB-E ), harmony index of human-water relationship (I EEWB-H ). The four indices were then integrated into the water use balance between economic society and ecology index (I EEWB ) with Euclidean distance, thus forming the EEWB quantification method system. Finally, the temporal and spatial characteristics of EEWB during 2010–2022 was diagnosed in Henan Province and cities of China. Results reveal that: (1) The water resources utilization efficiency exhibit a changing trend of initial decrease followed by subsequent increase; (2) Southern cities in Henan Province have a higher economic society development level compared to northern cities; (3) I EEWB-E in Henan Province is below 0.60, indicating that the regional ecology health remains consistently vulnerable; (4) I EEWB-H in Henan Province shows an increasing trend, indicating that a gradual improvement and overall upward development in the human-water relationship; (5) I EEWB multi-year average was within [0.53, 0.65] in Henan Province, indicating a state of Proximity imbalance. The low level of ecological health is the primary influencing factor. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the water use balance between economic society and ecology and provide scientific reference for achieving a healthy regional water balance.