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Background Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest. Results Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P  < 0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ 2  = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11,004.00 (2017), 12,836.00(2018), all P  < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ 2  = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P  < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P  < 0.0001). Conclusions We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

Young, Disabled and LGBT+ brings together the work of an international team interested in exploring the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, and disability in the lives of young people and aims to further develop this area as a distinct area of study. This volume features original research and writing into lives that are often misunderstood, marginalised and under-represented in research. It is framed with artwork, poetry and writing from young disabled LGBT+ people and centralises the voices and lives of young disabled LGBT+ people throughout. Drawing from disciplines including sociology, psychology, disability and youth studies, and with contributions from practitioners, it examines experiences and research from a number of perspectives, such as education, personal lives and activism. Featuring work from the UK, Canada, United States, India and Australia, it is a timely and topical book which will appeal to scholars particularly interested in sexuality, gender, disability and youth studies; professionals within health, education, social work and youth work who aim to understand and support young disabled LGBT+ people; and young people themselves.

\"Black LGBT Health in the United States: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation focuses on the mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of health, and considers both risk and resiliency factors for the Black LGBT population. Contributors to this collection intimately understand the associations between health and intersectional anti-Black racism, heterosexism, homonegativity, biphobia, transphobia, and social class. This collection fills a gap in current scholarship by providing information about an array of health issues like cancer, juvenile incarceration, and depression that affect all subpopulations of Black LGBT people, especially Black bisexual-identified women, Black bisexual-identified men, and Black transgender men. This book is recommended for readers interested in psychology, health, gender studies, race studies, social work, and sociology\"

Using narrative analysis, this book draws on interviews with women who left relationships with other women to begin relationships with men in order to understand how these women make sense of their sexual identities.

The reversal of the gender gap in education has potentially far-reaching consequences for marriage markets, family formation, and relationship outcomes. One possible consequence is the growing number of marriages in which wives have more education than their husbands. Past research shows that this type of union is at higher risk of dissolution. Using data on marriages formed between 1950 and 2004 in the United States, we evaluate whether this association has persisted as the prevalence of this relationship type has increased. Our results show a large shift in the association between spouses' relative education and marital dissolution. Specifically, marriages in which wives have the educational advantage were once more likely to dissolve, but this association has disappeared in more recent marriage cohorts. Another key finding is that the relative stability of marriages between educational equals has increased. These results are consistent with a shift away from rigid gender specialization toward more flexible, egalitarian partnerships, and they provide an important counterpoint to claims that progress toward gender equality in heterosexual relationships has stalled.

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TNGC) clients have complex mental health concerns, and are more likely than ever to seek out treatment. Written by a team of psychologists and TNGC specialists, this comprehensive resource outlines the latest research and recommendations to provide clinicians with the requisite knowledge, skills, and awareness to treat these clients with competent and affirming care.

Custody assignment after divorce is an increasingly recurrent area of study. The literature on this topic has tended to consider the dissolution of only heterosexual couples. Therefore, this article examines the influence of certain social variables and detects potential differences or similarities between heterosexual and homosexual couples in Spain. Quantitative methodology was used, along with descriptive and multivariate analyses, with data from the Annulments, Separations and Divorces Statistics (ENSD) of the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). The main conclusion reached is that shared custody is more commonly assigned in homosexual couples as compared to heterosexual ones. The number of children, the presence of conflict during the divorce proceedings and the specific Spanish autonomous community are variables that are key to understanding the assigned custody modality

Nationally representative studies confirm that LGBTQ individuals are at an elevated risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. While many similarities exist between LGBTQ and heterosexual-cisgender intimate partner violence, research has illuminated a variety of unique aspects of LGBTQ intimate partner violence regarding the predictors of perpetration, the specific forms of abuse experienced, barriers to help-seeking for victims, and policy and intervention needs. This is the first book that systematically reviews the literature regarding LGBTQ intimate partner violence, draws key lessons for current practice and policy, and recommends research areas and enhanced methodologies.

Male factory workers in China are vulnerable to HIV transmission. Commercial and nonmarital noncommercial contacts are the driving forces of heterosexual HIV transmission among male factory workers in China. There is a lack of effective HIV interventions for male factory workers in China. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of an enhanced versus the standard version of a WeChat mini program in reducing sexual intercourse with nonregular female sex partners and female sex workers among male factory workers in Shenzhen, China. A nonblinded 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted between December 2021 and April 2023. Participants were adult male factory workers in Shenzhen who had access to a smartphone and WeChat. Those who had oral or anal sex with a man or self-reported as HIV positive were excluded. A total of 247 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=125, 50.6%) or the control group (n=122, 49.4%); 221 (89.5%) and 220 (89.1%) completed follow-up surveys at T1 (6 months after completion of the interventions) and T2 (6 months after T1). Participants in the control group had access to the standard WeChat mini program that provided basic HIV-related knowledge and information about local free HIV testing services. Participants in the intervention group had access to the enhanced WeChat mini program. The enhanced mini program covered all the information in the standard mini program. In addition, the enhanced mini program assessed users' behaviors and invited users to watch different web-based videos on reducing nonmarital sexual contacts and promoting HIV testing based on their behavioral characteristics at months 0 and 1. The videos were developed based on in-depth interviews with male factory workers. Intention-to-treat analysis was used for outcome analyses. Multiple imputation was used to replace missing outcome values at T1 and T2. At T1, fewer participants in the intervention group reported sexual intercourse with a nonregular female sex partner in the past 6 months compared with the control group (1/125, 0.8% vs 8/122, 6.6%; relative risk=0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.96; P=.02). However, there were no between-group differences in sexual intercourse with a nonregular female sex partner at T2 (10/125, 8% vs 14/122, 11.5%; P=.36) or sexual intercourse with a female sex worker at T1 (2/125, 1.6% vs 2/122, 1.6%; P=.98) or T2 (8/125, 6.4% vs 8/122, 6.6%; P=.96). The enhanced WeChat mini program was more effective than the standard WeChat mini program in reducing sexual intercourse with nonregular female sex partners among male factory workers in the short term but not in the longer term. Improvements should be made to the WeChat mini program before implementation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05811611; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05811611.

This book examines the fluctuating place of sexuality in LGBTQ mobilization in the US. It contends that, while politically successful, the US LGBTQ movement has a record of neglecting a key aspect of LGBTQ militancy-sexuality-and analyses grassroots efforts at re-politicizing sexuality and re-sexualizing LGBTQ politics.