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•HPLC-DAD cannabinoids quantitation in large variety of commercial cannabis products.•Foods, candies, beverages, topicals, vapes/eliquids, oral supplements.•11 cannabis cannabinoids resolved with mixed C18-aromatic stationary phase.•Extensive method validation for CBD, Δ9-THC, CBDA, THCA, and CBN. Quantitative analysis for the cannabis cannabinoids such as cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in commercial products is necessary for evaluating label information, and assessing dosages and exposures when the products are consumed. Herein is presented a broadly applicable HPLC-DAD method for the determination of cannabis cannabinoids in commercial consumer products and traditional plant-related substances. The current method provides chromatographic resolution of 11 cannabinoids using a commercial, mixed C18-aromatic functionality stationary phase. The method uses 95% or pure ethanol for extraction, and certain modifications which address specific matrix types are detailed herein. Extensive method validation including precision and accuracy was conducted for five cannabinoids of primary interest (CBD, Δ9-THC, CBDA, THCA, and CBN). UV detection provided excellent sensitivity with limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 10μg/g across cannabinoids. The method was applied to about 60 commercial products representing diverse product types and a broad range of cannabinoids amounts (0.01–350mg/g).

The dehydration process is the basis to obtain high quality saffron and to preserve it for a long time. This process modifies saffron’s main metabolites that define its quality, and are responsible for the characteristic color, taste, and aroma of the spice. In this work, the effect of microwave dehydration on saffron main metabolites (picrocrocin, safranal and crocetin esters) from Crocus sativus L. stigmas at three determinate powers and different time lapses was evaluated. The results showed that this dehydration process obtained similar or lower crocetin esters content, and after three months of storage, higher concentration was shown in treatments at 440 W for 36 s, 55 s, and 73 s; at 616 W for 90 s; and at 800 W for 20 s. Picrocrocin content was lower and safranal content was higher in all treatments compared to the control both before and after storage. Regarding to commercial quality, microwave dehydration obtained Category I of saffron according to International Standard Organization (ISO) 3632. After three months of storage, treatments at 616 W for 83 s and 800 W for 60 s obtained lower categories. The results obtained suggest that microwave dehydration is a suitable process for obtaining high quality saffron, 800 W with 6 lapses of 20 s being the best conditions studied.

Introduction: Luffa cylindrica have been used traditionally in the treatment and management of several disease conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of leaf extracts of the plant, and identifying some of its phytoconstituents. Methods: The crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and paw-fluid displacement methods, respectively. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of the plant was further subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of the bioactive compounds. Results: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of L. cylindrica showed average antioxidant properties at 100 µg/mL, with inhibitions of 53.31% and 54.73% respectively. The ethanol extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/Kg with an inhibition of 31.1% compared to 39.7% recorded for the control (diclofenac). The ethyl acetate extract produced an inhibition of 15%. In the antimicrobial evaluation, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. Typhi and B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against the test isolates compared to the ethanol extract. HPLC-DAD analysis of the ethyl acetate extract suggested the presence of two flavonoid compounds - luteolin and apigenin as key components of the leaf extract of L. cylindrica. These compounds are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the leaf extracts of L. cylindrica possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Background/Objectives: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most commonly used cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy protocols. Its preparation in the hospital setting involves handling concentrated solutions, which pose occupational exposure risks and potential variations in the final dose administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aspiration devices on the concentration of cyclophosphamide in reconstituted solutions. Methods: An analytical method was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for quality control. Cyclophosphamide solutions were prepared and aspirated using either a conventional needle or spike device with or without a filtration system. Results: The validated method demonstrated linearity (R2 = 0.9999), high precision (0.22–4.59%) and accuracy (88.9–99.4%), with a limit of quantification of 4.03 µg/mL. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between samples aspirated with a needle and those aspirated with a spike fitted with a 5 µm filter, with the latter showing lower cyclophosphamide concentrations, suggesting partial retention of the drug. No significant differences were found between the needle and filterless spike preparations. Conclusions: These results suggest that the choice of aspiration device influences the final drug concentration, potentially affecting therapeutic efficacy. Standardisation of preparation techniques and an awareness of device limitations are essential to ensure accurate chemotherapy dosing and patient safety.

The stem bark of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was extracted, and nine antioxidant compounds (R1–R9) were detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, multi-detection, and heated electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. For structure elucidation, the methanolic crude extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, and the compounds were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the double bond position. 3-O-Caffeoyl oleanolic acid (R1), oleyl (R2), octadecyl (R3), gadoleyl (R4), eicosanyl (R5), (Z)-9-docosenyl (R6), docosyl (R7), tetracosyl (R8), and hexacosanyl (R9) caffeates were identified. While R1 has been reported in R. pseudoacacia stem bark, the known R3, R5, R7, R8, and R9 are described for the first time in this species, and the R2, R4, and R6 are new natural compounds. All nine caffeates demonstrated antioxidant activity. The antioxidant effects of the isolated compounds R1–R8 were quantified by a microplate DPPH• assay, with values ranging from 0.29 to 1.20 mol of caffeic acid equivalents per mole of isolate.

The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. ax Willd. (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species–antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants.