Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to the development of cervical cancer. This study assessed the genotype distribution of HPV of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Ganzhou population. Methods A total of 935 females who got HPV testing from January 2016 to July 2018 in the maternal and child health hospital of Ganzhou were enrolled in the study, including 806 HSIL and 129 ICC. HPV detection and genotyping were tested by HPV Geno‐Array test kit. Results The overall HPV‐positive rate was 74.0% in Ganzhou. Among the HSIL and ICC patients, the positive rates of HPV detection were 75.6% and 64.3%. Among the HSIL individuals, the most prevalent hr‐HPV genotype was HPV 16. And the 4 common subtypes in decreasing order were HPV 52, 58, 33, and 18. Of the ICC patients, the most frequently hr‐HPV subtype was HPV 16 followed by 18, 52, 58, and 59. Among the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, for hr‐HPV genotypes, HPV 16, 18, 52, 58, and 59 were five most common subtypes. In patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC), the most common hr‐HPV genotype was HPV 18, followed by HPV 16, 52, 56, 68, 73. And, we found U‐shaped and S‐shaped curves in the HPV distribution of different age groups. Conclusion The prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in Ganzhou differed from other regions of China and Western countries. These results can serve as valuable reference for HPV vaccination programs for Ganzhou women.

Cervical cancer (CC) is considered as a major public health problem; this disease affects mainly vulnerable women in poverty, causing a negative effect on a country's workforce. To determine the histopathological diagnosis variation after examining three more levels of cervical biopsy paraffin blocks from patients with HPVI, CIN and CC. A quantitative, retrospective correlational study was performed in a hospital with a second level of health care. We worked with 152 paraffin blocks of CIN (CIN, I, II and III) and cervical cancer samples. Currently, CIN I is considered as a set of low-grade injuries (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL), while CIN II, CIN III and cancer in situ are considered as high-grade lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL). A slab was prepared with the 50micron block, which was subsequently cut into 5 microns; later, the same thing was done at two more levels to reevaluate the histopathological diagnosis and correlate it with the initial diagnosis issued by the institution. During the examination of the additional block levels, a difference was observed from the initial diagnosis: of 32 cases of HPV diagnosis, there were 17 changes to CIN I; of 31 cases of CIN I, there were 4 changes to CIN II; of 30 cases of CIN II, there were 8 changes to CIN III and 1 change to invasive cancer; of 29 cases of CIN III, there were 9 changes to cancer in situ; and finally, of 14 cases of cancer in situ, there was 1 change to invasive cancer. After the statistical analysis, a value of p <0.05 was obtained, which indicated that the differences were statistically significant. By modifying the histopathological study technique, guidelines can be given to generate a more accurate diagnosis with a more solid base, and thus, a more appropriate and timely treatment can be offered to avoid the development of cervical cancer.

Anal lesions can occur due to infectious and neoplastic etiology, and a prompt and multidisciplinary approach may prevent poor outcomes. Anal lesions can occur due to infectious and neoplastic etiology, and a prompt and multidisciplinary approach may prevent poor outcomes.

Background Each year, 45,000 women worldwide develop vulvar cancer, often occurred from vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vHSIL), a precancerous stage associated with high- risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Recurrent vHSIL, experienced by over 30% of patients despite treatment, conducting in significant physical and psychosocial challenges. With no established method to reduce recurrence, our study investigates the potential of adjuvant HPV vaccination during treatment. We aim to determine whether nonavalent HPV vaccination can effectively prevent vHSIL recurrence in women treated for vulvar HSIL. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol involving 498 women diagnosed with vHSIL. Participants will be randomized to receive either the nonavalent HPV vaccine or a placebo in addition to standard treatment. The primary outcome is the recurrence of vHSIL within 24 months following treatment. Secondary endpoints are treatment effectiveness, immune response, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life. Long-term follow-up examines vaccine effect after 5 and 10 years, along with the occurrence of vulvar malignancies. Relative risk between vaccinated and placebo groups will be evaluated, employing intention-to-treat principles. Discussion This study is designed to investigate the potential benefits of HPV vaccination in managing vHSIL. Results from the trial will provide evidence on the vaccine’s impact on recurrence rates, treatment outcomes, and long-term prevention of vulvar malignancies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT06052696. Registered 12 January 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06052696 .

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness between Hiporfin-photodynamic therapy (PDT) and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in treating cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 104 women diagnosed with cervical HSIL at our hospital from April 2019 to July 2023. With 1:1 matched case-control, 52 cases received Hiporfin-PDT and 52 cases underwent LEEP. All PDT-treated cases received Hiporfin (2 mg/kg) I.V. and a diode laser at a wavelength of 630-nm. T-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Yates’s correction for continuity were conducted for statistical. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The complete response (CR) post-PDT at 3rd-6th months,10th-12th months and 24th months was in 98.1% (51/52),100.0% (45/45) and 100.0% (22/22) patients respectively, compared to 98.1% (51/52), 100.0% (46/46) and 100.0% (24/24) patients respectively after LEEP. HPV clearance rates after PDT at 3rd-6th months,10th-12th months and 24th months was 76.9% (40/52), 88.9% (40/45) and 95.5% (21/22) respectively, compared to 69.2% (36/52), 93.5% (43/46) and 95.8% (23/24) respectively after LEEP, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P  = 0.508, P  = 0.687 and P  = 1.000, respectively). Postoperative complications in the PDT group were tolerable. The cure rates and HPV eradication of Hiporfin-PDT were comparable with that of LEEP in the management of cervical HSIL. Hiporfin-PDT may serve an alternative method for organ-saving in cervical HSIL.

Objective To assess the clinical value of DNA methylation measurement in exfoliated cervical cells for distinguishing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) from other cervical abnormalities. Methods A total of 276 patients were enrolled, and general clinical information was collected. Exfoliated cervical cells were obtained to assess human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, conduct ThinPrep cytology tests (TCT), and measure methylation levels of JAM3 (△CtJ) and PAX1 (△CtP). Logistic regression was performed to identify factors significantly associated with HSIL diagnosis. A conditional inference tree model and the area under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the efficacy of JAM3 and PAX1 methylation in detecting HSIL. Results Independent risk factors for HSIL diagnosis included △CtJ, △CtP, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and HPV16 infection. The conditional inference tree indicated that 96.4% of patients were non-HSIL when △CtJ > 11.66, and 99.1% were non-HSIL when △CtP > 10.97. The diagnostic performance of △CtJ/△CtP surpassed that of TCT/HPV alone. Among six methods, the combination of △CtP, TCT, and high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) testing achieved the highest sensitivity (91.2%), positive predictive value (50.0%), negative predictive value (98.6%), and AUC (0.932). Conclusion In women with hr-HPV infection, DNA methylation analysis of cervical cytology outperformed traditional TCT or HPV testing. The combination of △CtP with TCT and HPV may offer the most accurate screening approach for HSIL.

Pleomorphic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (PHSILs) of the uterine cervix are characterized by strikingly pleomorphic and enlarged nuclei with brisk mitotic activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of patients with PHSIL. Clinical data were collected from the electronic medical records of 44 patients with PHSIL. The patients' mean age was 52.1 years. The initial cytological diagnosis was HSIL in 43.2% of patients. High-risk human papillomavirus was detected in 89.5% of patients. The human papillomavirus type was not predominated by one specific type. The patients were treated with conization alone or with conization with subsequent hysterectomy. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with PHSIL, and one case of adenoid basal carcinoma were detected among the surgical specimens. Follow-up cytology revealed negative results for intraepithelial lesions in all patients, except for one patient who experienced recurrent PHSIL 41 months after hysterectomy and underwent laser ablation. The incidence rates of concurrent squamous cell carcinoma (4.5%) and recurrence (2.3%) in our PHSIL cohort were lower than those previously reported in patients with conventional HSIL. Our findings suggest that pleomorphic nuclear change alone in PHSIL was not associated with worse clinical outcomes than conventional HSIL and support the notion that PHSIL does not require more aggressive clinical management than conventional HSIL. However, close follow-up with cytological examination may be necessary to determine the potential risk of recurrence.

The objective of this study was to delineate the profile of peripheral blood lymphocytic indices in patients afflicted with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical neoplasms, and to elucidate the correlation of these hematologic markers with the clinicopathological spectra in individuals diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. We adopted a retrospective case-control modality for this investigation. An aggregate of 39 HSIL patients and 42 cervical carcinoma patients, who were treated in our facility from July 2020 to September 2023, were meticulously selected. Each case of cervical malignancy was confirmed through rigorous histopathological scrutiny. Concomitantly, 31 healthy female individuals, who underwent prophylactic health evaluations during the corresponding timeframe, were enlisted as the baseline control group. We systematically gathered and analyzed clinical demographics, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), from peripheral blood samples. Pearson's correlation coefficient was deployed to dissect the interrelation between peripheral NLR and PLR concentrations and the clinicopathological features in the cervical cancer group. Inter-group comparative analysis unveiled statistically substantial variances in the PLR and NLR values among the tripartite clusters (  = 36.941, 14.998,  < 0.001, respectively). Although discrepancy in NLR (  = 0.061) and PLR (  = 0.759) measures between the groups of cervical carcinoma and HSIL was not statistically appreciable, these indices were markedly elevated in the cervical carcinoma faction as juxtaposed with the normative control group (  = 5.094, 5.927;  < 0.001 for both parameters). A discernible gradation in peripheral blood PLR and NLR concentrations was noted when stratified by clinical stage and the profundity of myometrial invasion in cervical cancer subjects (  < 0.001). The correlation matrix demonstrated a positive liaison between peripheral blood PLR and the clinical gradation, as well as the invasiveness of the neoplastic cells into the muscularis propria (  < 0.05); a similar trend was observed with the NLR values (  < 0.05). Augmented NLR and PLR levels in peripheral blood specimens are indicative of HSIL and cervical malignancy. These hematological parameters exhibit a pronounced interconnection with clinical staging and muscular wall penetration depth, serving as potential discriminative biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer.

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of Hiporfin-photodynamic therapy (PDT) int the treatment of young women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the endocervical canal. This study included 14 patients aged 30 ± 4.2 years (range 21–37) with HSIL of the cervical canal, treated at our hospital from August 2021 to June 2023. Hiporfin (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and laser irradiation with a 630 nm wavelength was performed on the cervical canal and cervical surface 48–72 h later. All patients had been observed for at least 12 months. 64.3% (9/14) were nulliparous. The complete response (CR) rate of cervical canal involvement was 100.0% (14/14) at 3–6 months. Pre-PDT, all patients (14/14) tested positive for high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV). The HPV eradication rate was 64.3% (9/14) at 3–6 months and 85.7% (12/14) at 12 months. No serious adverse effects were observed in patients during or after PDT. No recurrence was noted during the long-time follow-up. 6 patients who planned to get pregnant achieved 6 pregnancies including 1 spontaneous abortion, 2 term pregnancies, and 3 ongoing pregnancies. No fetal loss occurred due to cervical incompetence. Hiporfin-PDT may be a promising, fertility-preserving treatment for HSIL of the endocervical canal in young women.

Currently, there is no relevant literature specifically discussing the human papillomavirus (HPV) negative conversion rate following Hiporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) in HPV-associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of the female lower reproductive tract. Our study aims to fill this gap. Prospective study of 91 patients aged 37.4 ± 13.2 years old with HSIL in the female lower reproductive tract (cervical HSIL: 55, vaginal HSIL: 25, cervical HSIL combined with vaginal HSIL: 8, cervical HSIL combined with vulvar HSIL: 1, vaginal HSIL combined with vulvar HSIL: 2). Hiporfin ® (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously, and 48–72 h later, 630-nm laser irradiation was applied to the lesions. The median follow-up period was 36 months. Before treatment, all patients (91/91, 100%) tested positive for HPV, and only 6 patients (6/91, 6.6%) had been previously vaccinated against HPV. The HPV negative conversion rates were 74.5% (41/55), 89.1% (49/55), 89.8% (44/49) and 95.8% (23/24) at 3–6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months respectively after PDT in treating cervical HSIL. For vaginal HSIL, the negative conversion rates were 28.0% (7/25) at 3–6 months, 52.0% (13/25) at 12 months, 60.9% (14/23) at 24 months, and 64.7% (11/17) at 36 months. In cases of multiple sites of female lower genital tract HSIL, the negative conversion rates were 18.2% (2/11), 45.5% (5/11), 60.0% (6/10), and 62.5% (5/8) at 3–6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Hiporfin-PDT was most effective in achieving HPV negative conversion for treating cervical HSIL, followed by vaginal HSIL, and finally for multisite female lower genital tract HSIL.