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The aim of the study is to specify the disposition parameters of the technological and innovation gap in the global economy and determine the directions for overcoming it. It is proved that the process of technological asymmetry is reflected in the technological and innovation gap in the global economy. The positions of the countries-innovation leaders are clarified with the attention being focused on the growth of China’s influence through its efforts in technological innovations. There described the transformation of the positions in two planes: production of and trade in high-tech products. A hypothesis about the change in the nature of innovations during the last decade is confirmed. It is proved that the affordability of the formation of advanced technologies in China has become a reason for its transformation into the powerhouse of the world economic development. There identified and characterized the directions for bridging the gap between economies, which include increasing investment on the global innovation scale; promoting the spread of technologies and their adaptation; ensuring an unimpeded flow of talents and knowledge; using intellectual property rights to promote innovation for the poor, improve the innovation efficiency; entering markets.

At the present time, an effective methodological toolkit has not been developed to manage economic processes in modern conditions in order to ensure the sustainable economic development of enterprises. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it has been proposed that such a tool could be created to provide a quantitative assessment of the main parameters in the creation of innovative products and activities of enterprises. Additionally, on the basis of this tool, decision makers could regulate these processes by introducing additional resources and buying risks. For this purpose, it is necessary to modernize the means of production, which requires a reassessment of the technical level of enterprises. It is possible to achieve these parameters through a certain technical policy of production modernization. In this aspect, the technical policy of enterprises should consider the fact that, depending on the complexity of innovative products put for development and production, the time lag between the start of production of such products and the moment when they enter the market with competitive advantage changes. This competitive advantage is determined by the design methods at a given cost. At the same time, the service models of enterprises are used as one of the most important tools to achieve the profitability of the enterprise, leading to its sustainable economic development. As a result of the proposed toolkit, a strategy for managing the processes of the sustainable economic development of enterprises could be developed based on the creation of an intelligent system using artificial intelligence and the use of large databases that create information support for decision makers to regulate these processes. This set of tools makes it possible to achieve the organization of sustainable economic development. To assess the technical, economic, and technological level of the enterprise, a complex integral indicator was obtained on the basis of mathematical modeling. It was proposed to confirm the obtained integral assessment by comparing the obtained calculated data with an expert assessment. The method of expert evaluation is used in the article. Expert assessments were obtained in science-intensive organizations in which the authors held managerial positions and were engaged in scientific projects. The obtained inputs were formulated based on the analysis of the reporting documentation provided by the organizations. The conducted research indicates the importance of the proposed practical recommendations and materials for solving the tasks set in this study.

The accelerating growth of the digital economy is fundamentally transforming international trade patterns and increasingly contributing to sustainable economic progress. Despite this, there is still limited research on how it influences the competitiveness of high-tech exports. Addressing this research gap, the present study investigates the mechanisms through which the digital economy strengthens the competitiveness of high-tech exports—an essential engine for sustainable growth. China, recognized as a leader in digital innovation, serves as the focal point of this analysis. Drawing on panel data spanning from 2011 to 2021 across 30 provincial-level regions (including municipalities and autonomous areas), we develop a multidimensional index that captures the extent of industrial digitalization, digital industrialization, and the digital development environment. Our econometric analysis uncovers direct and indirect mechanisms through which digitalization reduces trade costs, accelerates innovation-led business models, and lowers market entry barriers, thereby promoting sustainable industrial upgrading. Moreover, we reveal that digital integration contributes to narrowing regional disparities, fostering inclusive and resilient economic growth. A double-threshold effect is identified, where the initial high costs of digital adoption yield substantial long-term sustainability benefits. These findings offer critical insights for policymakers seeking to align high-tech industrial strategies with sustainable development goals, ensuring an equitable and innovation-driven digital economy.

The specificity of ERP-systems application in the production of high-tech products is described. The approaches to implementation in science-intensive industrial enterprises are described. The use of ERP systems by Russian manufacturing enterprises has been expanding in the last decade. The article describes approaches to implementation in high-tech industrial enterprises of the Federal state unitary enterprise “Khrunichev state research center”.

PurposeThis study aims to compare the level of organizational capabilities of the exporter and non-exporter Iranian knowledge-based firms in the sector of chemical technology.Design/methodology/approachBy combining 18 different indicators, a framework is designed to demonstrate organizational capabilities. The technological, manufacturing, R&D, marketing, organizing and financial capabilities of 732 Iranian knowledge-based firms in the sector of chemical technology (90 exporters and 642 non-exporter firms) are identified between 2015 and 2020. The analysis is based on the Chi-square test and logistic and probit regression.FindingsThe results indicate that technological capability, unlike the other five capabilities, is higher in non-exporter firms, and the level of marketing capability is greater in exporter firms, with the highest difference between the two groups.Originality/valueThe research suggests that knowledge-based firms should be evaluated based on export history; there should be some specialized export facilitating packages for both exporter and non-exporter firms; and some baskets from products with related and specialized fields of application should be formed to facilitate international marketing. The results can be a basis for managers and policymakers to improve the firm’s capabilities and competitiveness at the international level.

The EU’s economic relations with China are characterised by a significant trade deficit. Enhancing EU exports of high-tech products, in particular, to China is the best way out of this imbalance. In doing so, EU countries can take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that intends to improve connectivity between Europe and Asia. Objective: This study aims to identify the untapped potential for high-tech exports of selected EU countries in trade with China and to evaluate the opportunities arising from the BRI in utilising this potential. Research Design Methods: To assess the overall high-tech export potential of selected EU countries to China, the export gap was calculated using the concept of revealed comparative advantages. Findings: Among the examined EU countries, Hungary and the Czech Republic were found to have the greatest high-tech export growth potential to China. The largest export gaps were recorded in electrical machinery and equipment. Implications Recommendations: The findings of the study can be used by European businesses to adjust their export strategies. It can also be used by government institutions of the studied countries when designing their economic and trade policies, particularly vis-à-vis China and the BRI initiative, within the field of supporting infrastructure projects, as well as high-tech industries. Contribution Value Added: The study contributes to the literature on the potential of EU export growth to China that has not been sufficiently explored yet. The novelty of the study is in identifying specific high-tech commodities with the highest potential for export to China.

The role of expanding the proportion of high-tech products in the export trade of various countries to identify the appropriate export structure has gradually attracted the attention of governments and scholars. While there is some knowledge on how high-tech product exports affect carbon dioxide emissions, the mechanisms involved in that link have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. This study is based on China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2006 to 2017 and uses the stepwise regression method and the bootstrap method to systematically investigate the mediating effects of industrial structure supererogation, low-carbon technological innovation, and human capital accumulation, operating in the impact of high-tech product export trade on regional carbon performance. Since the Pesaran’s CD test and the P&Y slope homogeneity test confirm the presence of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity in the panel data, we use the CADF and CIPS unit root tests to verify the stationarity of the variables and therefore employ the CCEMG and DCCE estimators for regression estimation. The research results show that high-tech product exports can help improve regional carbon performance. The mediating variables, industrial structure supererogation, low-carbon technological innovation, and human capital accumulation separately have positive and complete mediating effects on the link between high-tech product export trade and regional carbon performance. The research results highlight the important part of expanding high-tech product exports in improving regional carbon performance and have significance in promoting China’s green and low-carbon transition.

Purpose High-tech industries play an important role in promoting economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to accurately predict and analyze the output value of high-tech products in Guangdong Province, China, by using a multivariable grey model. Design/methodology/approach Based on the principle of fractional order accumulation, this study proposes a multivariable grey prediction model. To further enhance the prediction ability and accuracy of the model, an optimized model is established by reconstructing the background value. The optimal parameters are solved by minimizing the average relative error of the system characteristic sequence with the constraint of parameter relationships. Findings The results from the study show that the two proposed models exhibit better simulation and prediction performance than the traditional models, while the optimized model can significantly improve the modelling precision. In addition, it is predicted that the output value of high-tech products is 12,269.443bn yuan in 2021, which will approximately double from 2016 to 2021. Research limitations/implications The two proposed models can be used to forecast the trend of the system and are grown as an effective extension and supplement of the traditional multivariable grey forecasting models. Practical implications The forecast and analysis of the development prospects of high-tech industries would be useful for the government departments of Guangdong Province and professional forecasters to grasp the future of high-tech industries and formulate decision planning. Originality/value A new multivariable grey prediction model based on fractional order accumulation and its optimized model obtained by reconstructing the background value, which can improve the modelling accuracy of the traditional model, is proposed in this paper.

Modern production of high-tech products is characterized by the transition from the traditional design paradigm to the new paradigm of designing a holistic unified set of products. In this regard, the process of designing high-tech products needed to be allocated into a separate type – the system design. Its main methodological provisions are presented in the study. The result of the generalization was the developed system design model, which included the engineering design and process design stages, a method for evaluating the unification effectiveness, suitable for use at both intraspecific and trans-species levels, and an algorithm for the practical use of an integrated model and proposals for its use at the stages of creation of high-tech products. The use of the methodological toolkit for system design of high-tech products allows reducing the cost of their creation, production and operation significantly, as well as obtaining the structure of production with balanced efficiency and cost. The practical implementation of the proposed tools is possible at the stage of selecting design organizations. The developed toolkit is universal and can be used in all sectors of the economy.

This study proposes a component-based model for assessing risks in the design of high-tech products. The model took into account the novelty of components, which affected the risk level in the development process. The risk assessment was based on fuzzy set theory, which allowed determination of the degree of importance of risk-generating factors, such as technical, economic, and organizational risks. The components were divided into “old” ones with the possibility of adaptation and “new” ones being implemented for the first time. The structure of the project included adaptation, acquisition, and development of new components. The component-oriented approach allowed for a reduction in the negative impact of risks in the early stages of development while optimizing decision-making on further product development. A case study involving the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was conducted to demonstrate the model’s applicability. The assessed aggregated project risk varied from 0.0992 for projects based primarily on reusable components to 0.1902 for those involving a high proportion of newly developed components. The model’s sensitivity to component novelty made it possible to differentiate between low- and moderate-risk design scenarios. This is especially valuable for early-stage project selection and risk-informed “go/no-go” decisions in the design of complex systems.