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"History, 15th Century"
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Before Copernicus : the cultures and contexts of scientific learning in the fifteenth century
\"This collection of essays explores the multi-cultural, multi-religious, and multi-lingual context of learning on the eve of the Copernican revolution. Although Copernicus's work and its influence have been subject to a number of excellent studies, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to Copernicus's sources and the diverse cultures and contexts of learning in which he lived and by which he could have been inspired. Previous authors who have attended to this background have tended to put forth singular and rather narrow explanations of Copernicus's turn to heliocentrism. In contrast, this volume does not seek to provide \"the\" explanation, or even \"an\" explanation, but rather provides the reader with aspects of the complex and surprisingly rich intellectual and scientific world before Copernicus.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Byzantine Hermeneutics and Pedagogy in the Russian North
The first micro-historical 'ethnology of reading' in the Early Slavic field,Byzantine Hermeneutics and Pedagogy in the Russian Northwill prove fascinating to western medievalists, Byzantinists, Slavists, and book historians.
eBook
The Musical Sounds of Medieval French Cities
Drawing upon hundreds of newly uncovered archival records, Gretchen Peters reconstructs the music of everyday life in over twenty cities in late medieval France. Through the comparative study of these cities' political and musical histories, the book establishes that the degree to which a city achieved civic authority and independence determined the nature and use of music within the urban setting. The world of urban minstrels beyond civic patronage is explored through the use of diverse records; their livelihood depended upon seeking out and securing a variety of engagements from confraternities to bathhouses. Minstrels engaged in complex professional relationships on a broad level, as with guilds and minstrel schools, and on an individual level, as with partnerships and apprenticeships. The study investigates how minstrels fared economically and socially, recognizing the diversity within this body of musicians in the Middle Ages from itinerant outcasts to wealthy and respected town musicians.
eBook
A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages
The origins of Ashkenazi Jews remain highly controversial. Like Judaism, mitochondrial DNA is passed along the maternal line. Its variation in the Ashkenazim is highly distinctive, with four major and numerous minor founders. However, due to their rarity in the general population, these founders have been difficult to trace to a source. Here we show that all four major founders, ~40% of Ashkenazi mtDNA variation, have ancestry in prehistoric Europe, rather than the Near East or Caucasus. Furthermore, most of the remaining minor founders share a similar deep European ancestry. Thus the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Levant, as commonly supposed, nor recruited in the Caucasus, as sometimes suggested, but assimilated within Europe. These results point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities, and provide the foundation for a detailed reconstruction of Ashkenazi genealogical history.
Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA variation has four major founders whose sources are difficult to trace due to the rarity of Ashkenazi Jews in the general population. Here, the authors provide evidence that all four major founders originated from Europe and provide a genealogical record of the Ashkenazi.
Journal Article
A Sudden Frenzy
In Renaissance Italy there existed a rich interplay between two cultural practices frequently regarded as entirely separate and mutually antagonistic: the humanistic study of the ancient world and ancient literature, and the oral and improvisational performance of poetry, which constituted one of the most popular forms of entertainment.
A Sudden Frenzy explores the development and impact of these Renaissance practices of improvisation and oral poetry. James K. Coleman shows how the confluence of humanist culture and the art of oral poetry resulted in an extraordinary turn toward improvisation and spontaneity that profoundly influenced poetry, music, and politics. By examining the culture of improvisation, this book reveals the ways in which Renaissance thinkers transcended cultural dichotomies, both in theory and in practice. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including letters, poetry, visual art, and philosophical texts, A Sudden Frenzy reveals the far-reaching and sometimes surprising ways that these phenomena shaped cultural developments in the Italian Renaissance and beyond.
eBook
Making and marketing medicine in Renaissance Florence
A study of the Speziale al Giglio apothecary shop in fifteenth-century Florence, Italy.
Book
Making and Marketing Medicine in Renaissance Florence
What did you do when you fell ill in fifteenth-century Florence? How did you get the medicines that you needed at a price you could afford? What would you find when you entered an apothecary's shop? This richly detailed study of the Speziale al Giglio in Florence provides surprising answers, demonstrating the continued importance of highly personalised medical practice late into the fifteenth century.
eBook