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"History of engineering"
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Sonic skills : listening for knowledge in science, medicine and engineering (1920s-present)
It is common for us today to associate the practice of science primarily with the act of seeing - with staring at computer screens, analyzing graphs, and presenting images. This open access book explains why, indeed, listening for knowledge plays an ambiguous, if fascinating, role in the sciences. For what purposes have scientists, engineers, and physicians listened to the objects of their interest? How did they listen exactly? And why has listening often been contested as a legitimate form of access to scientific knowledge? This concise monograph combines historical and ethnographic evidence about the practices of listening on shop floors, in laboratories, field stations, hospitals, and conference halls, between the 1920s and today.
Book
Accessing Technical Education in Modern Japan
This collection of 14 key papers deriving from CEEJA's 2nd international conference exploring the Japanese history of technology, concentrates on the routes to acquiring and transmitting technical knowledge in Japan's modern era.
eBook
Knowledge as resistance : the feminist international network of resistance to reproductive and genetic engineering
This book presents a historicised account of the Feminist International Network of Resistance to Reproductive and Genetic Engineering (FINRRAGE). A coordinated effort during the 1980s and 1990s by an international group of women to create and disseminate feminist knowledge about the then-new field of reproductive technologies. Bringing insights from science and technology studies together with social movements and feminist theory, it seeks to examine larger questions about knowledge and expertise in activist engagements with rapidly-developing technologies, as well as explore an important and neglected episode of feminist history. Its findings will be relevant to scholars in science studies, gender and women's studies and social movements, as well as to anyone with an interest in reproductive technologies and the history of feminist activism.
Book
Pedagogical Orientations and Evolving Responsibilities of Technological Universities: A Literature Review of the History of Engineering Education
Current societal changes and challenges demand a broader role of technological universities, thus opening the question of how their role evolved over time and how to frame their current responsibility. In response to urgent calls for debating and redefining the identity of contemporary technological universities, this paper has two aims. The first aim is to identify the key characteristics and orientations marking the development of technological universities, as recorded in the history of engineering education. The second aim is to articulate the responsibility of contemporary technological universities given their different orientations and characteristics. For this, we first provide a non-systematic literature review of the key pedagogical orientations of technological universities, grounded in the history of engineering education. The five major orientations of technological universities presented in the paper are technical, economic, social, political, and ecological. We then use this historical survey to articulate the responsibilities of contemporary technological universities reflecting the different orientations. Technological universities can promote and foster the development of scientific, professional, civic, legal, or intra- and inter- generational responsibility. We argue that responsibility is not specific to any particular orientation, such that the concept is broadened to complement each orientation or mix of orientations of a technological university. Our contribution thus serves as a call for technological universities to self-reflect on their mission and identity, by offering a lens for identifying the orientations they currently foster and making explicit the responsibility arising from their current orientation or the ones they strive to cultivate.
Journal Article
The progressive environmental Prometheans : left-wing heralds of a \good anthropocene\
This book is devoted to the exploration of environmental Prometheanism, the belief that human beings can and should master nature and remake it for the better. Meyer considers, among others, the question of why Prometheanism today is usually found on the political right while environmentalism is on the left. Chapters examine the works of leading Promethean thinkers of nineteenth and early and mid-twentieth century Britain, France, America, and Russia and how they tied their beliefs about the earth to a progressive, left-wing politics. Meyer reconstructs the logic of this \"progressive Prometheanism\" and the reasons it has vanished from the intellectual scene today. The Progressive Environmental Prometheans broadens the reader's understanding of the history of the ideas behind Prometheanism. This book appeals to anyone with an interest in environmental politics, environmental history, global history, geography and Anthropocene studies. William B. Meyer is Associate Professor of Geography at Colgate University. He is the author of Human Impact on the Earth (1996), Americans and Their Weather: A History (2000; updated edition, 2014), and The Environmental Advantages of Cities (2013), as well as numerous journal articles and book chapters.
Book
Averting the Digital Dark Age
How the internet's memory infrastructure developed—averting a \"digital dark age\"—and introduced a golden age of historical memory.In early 1996, the web was ephemeral. But by 2001, the internet was forever. How did websites transform from having a brief life to becoming long-lasting? Drawing on archival material from the Internet Archive and exclusive interviews, Ian Milligan's Averting the Digital Dark Age explores how Western society evolved from fearing a digital dark age to building the robust digital memory we rely on today. By the mid-1990s, the specter of a \"digital dark age\" haunted libraries, portending a bleak future with no historical record that threatened cyber obsolescence, deletion, and apathy. People around the world worked to solve this impending problem. In San Francisco, technology entrepreneur Brewster Kahle launched his scrappy nonprofit, Internet Archive, filling tape drives with internet content. Elsewhere, in Washington, Canberra, Ottawa, and Stockholm, librarians developed innovative new programs to safeguard digital heritage. Cataloging worries among librarians, technologists, futurists, and writers from WWII onward, through early practitioners, to an extended case study of how September 11 prompted institutions to preserve thousands of digital artifacts related to the attacks, Averting the Digital Dark Age explores how the web gained a long-lasting memory. By understanding this history, we can equip our society to better grapple with future internet shifts.
eBook
Mapping the Middle East
Mapping the Middle East explores the many perspectives from which people have visualized the vast area lying between the Atlantic Ocean and the Oxus and Indus river valleys over the past millennium. By analysing maps produced from the eleventh century on, Zayde Antrim emphasizes the deep roots of mapping in a world region too often considered unexamined and unchanging before the modern period. Indeed, maps from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, coinciding with the eras of European colonialism and the rise of the nation-state, have obscured this deeper past and constrained future possibilities. Mapping the Middle East is organized chronologically to contextualize and interpret compelling maps from each period. Chapters address the medieval `Realm of Islam', the sixteenth- to eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire, French and British colonial mapping over the long nineteenth century, national mapping traditions in modern Turkey, Iran and Israel/Palestine, and alternative geographies in twentieth- and twenty-first-century maps. Vivid colour illustrations allow readers to follow the argument on the surface of the maps. Rather than a conventional history of cartography, Mapping the Middle East is an incisive critique of the changing relationship between maps and belonging in a dynamic world region over the past thousand years.
Book
Development of a mathematical model to predict the cost of Ethiopian Roads Authority road projects: the case of Ethiopia
All across the world, the construction industry is a very crucial sector for development. Cost prediction is the process of forecasting the cost of construction projects at an early stage. An effective estimation technique is necessary to reduce the effort, time, and cost. Therefore, the study aims to develop a mathematical model to predict the cost of Ethiopian Roads Authority road projects in the case of Ethiopia. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The method of data analysis for the study was multiple regression analysis, and it was done using SP SS and Microsoft Excel. The data were obtained from a road document review and a questionnaire survey of 62 respondents and 15 interviewers who are working in ERA. The major cost-influential factors were found to be: inflation rate, bridges, culverts, project length, width, type and scope, contract duration, and location. As a result, a
multiple regression model was developed using nine significant parameters taken from 18 completed road projects. The multiple regression analysis result revealed that the model can perform at a success rate of 83.8%. The MAPE of the model was ±16.44%. The conclusion and recommendations are likely to support and reduce ineffective estimation trends.
Road construction projects play a vital role in the development of infrastructure, ensuring safe and efficient transportation for communities. However, cost overruns and lack cost estimation tools in road projects have been a persistent challenge, leading to budget constraints and delays. To address this issue, we propose the development of a mathematical model that can accurately predict the cost of road projects. This innovative solution aims to enhance cost estimation accuracy, optimize resource allocation and foster responsible financial planning.
Journal Article
Great Wall of China
\"Carefully leveled text and vibrant photographs introduce early readers the science and engineering behind the Great Wall of China. Includes infographics, an activity, glossary, and index.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Smart University
How surveillance perpetuates long-standing injustices woven into the fabric of higher education. Higher education increasingly relies on digital surveillance in the United States. Administrators, consulting firms, and education technology vendors are celebrating digital tools as a means of ushering in the age of \"smart universities.\" By digitally monitoring and managing campus life, institutions can supposedly run their services more efficiently, strengthen the quality of higher education, and better prepare students for future roles in the digital economy. Yet in practice, these initiatives often perpetuate austerity, structural racism, and privatization at public universities under the guise of solving higher education's most intractable problems. In Smart University, Lindsay Weinberg evaluates how this latest era of tech solutions and systems in our schools impacts students' abilities to access opportunities and exercise autonomy on their campuses. Using historical and textual analysis of administrative discourses, university policies, conference proceedings, grant solicitations, news reports, tech industry marketing materials, and product demonstrations, Weinberg argues that these more recent transformations are best understood as part of a longer history of universities supporting the development of technologies that reproduce racial and economic injustice on their campuses and in their communities. Aimed at anyone concerned with the future of surveillance on higher education, Smart University empowers readers with the knowledge, tools, and frameworks for contesting and reimagining the role of digital technology on university campuses.
eBook