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"History of philosophy"
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Ancient models of mind : studies in human and divine rationality
\"How does god think? How, ideally, does a human mind function? Must a gap remain between these two paradigms of rationality? Such questions exercised the greatest ancient philosophers, including those featured in this book: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and Plotinus. This volume encompasses a series of studies by leading scholars, revisiting key moments of ancient philosophy and highlighting the theme of human and divine rationality in both moral and cognitive psychology. It is a tribute to Professor A. A. Long, and reflects multiple themes of his own work\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The edinburgh critical history of nineteenth-century philosophy
This volume begins with the rise of German Idealism and Romanticism, traces the developments of naturalism, positivism, and materialism and of later-century attempts to combine idealist and naturalist modes of thought.
Written by a team of leading international scholars this crucial period of philosophy is examined from the novel perspective of themes and lines of thought which cut across authors, disciplines, and national boundaries. This fresh approach will open up new ways for specialists and students to conceptualise the history of 19th-century thought within philosophy, politics, religious studies and literature.
eBook
Neither logical empiricism nor vitalism, but organicism: what the philosophy of biology was
Philosophy of biology is often said to have emerged in the last third of the twentieth century. Prior to this time, it has been alleged that the only authors who engaged philosophically with the life sciences were either logical empiricists who sought to impose the explanatory ideals of the physical sciences onto biology, or vitalists who invoked mystical agencies in an attempt to ward off the threat of physicochemical reduction. These schools paid little attention to actual biological science, and as a result philosophy of biology languished in a state of futility for much of the twentieth century. The situation, we are told, only began to change in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when a new generation of researchers began to focus on problems internal to biology, leading to the consolidation of the discipline. In this paper we challenge this widely accepted narrative of the history of philosophy of biology. We do so by arguing that the most important tradition within early twentieth-century philosophy of biology was neither logical empiricism nor vitalism, but the organicist movement that flourished between the First and Second World Wars. We show that the organicist corpus is thematically and methodologically continuous with the contemporary literature in order to discredit the view that early work in the philosophy of biology was unproductive, and we emphasize the desirability of integrating the historical and contemporary conversations into a single, unified discourse.
Journal Article
Africa, Asia, and the History of Philosophy
Winner of the 2016 Frantz Fanon Prize for Outstanding Book
in Caribbean Thought presented by the Caribbean Philosophical
Association In this provocative historiography, Peter K.
J. Park provides a penetrating account of a crucial period in the
development of philosophy as an academic discipline. During these
decades, a number of European philosophers influenced by Immanuel
Kant began to formulate the history of philosophy as a march of
progress from the Greeks to Kant-a genealogy that supplanted
existing accounts beginning in Egypt or Western Asia and at a time
when European interest in Sanskrit and Persian literature was
flourishing. Not without debate, these traditions were ultimately
deemed outside the scope of philosophy and relegated to the study
of religion. Park uncovers this debate and recounts the development
of an exclusionary canon of philosophy in the decades of the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. To what extent was this
exclusion of Africa and Asia a result of the scientization of
philosophy? To what extent was it a result of racism? This book
includes the most extensive description available anywhere of
Joseph-Marie de Gérando's Histoire comparée des systèmes de
philosophie , Friedrich Schlegel's lectures on the history of
philosophy, Friedrich Ast's and Thaddä Anselm Rixner's systematic
integration of Africa and Asia into the history of philosophy, and
the controversy between G. W. F. Hegel and the theologian August
Tholuck over \"pantheism.\"
eBook
Turing and Von Neumann: From Logic to the Computer
This article provides a detailed analysis of the transfer of a key cluster of ideas from mathematical logic to computing. We demonstrate the impact of certain of Turing’s logico-philosophical concepts from the mid-1930s on the emergence of the modern electronic computer—and so, in consequence, Turing’s impact on the direction of modern philosophy, via the computational turn. We explain why both Turing and von Neumann saw the problem of developing the electronic computer as a problem in logic, and we describe their joint journey from logic to electronic computation. While much has been written about Turing’s and von Neumann’s individual contributions to the development of the computer, this article investigates less well-known terrain: their interactions and mutual influences. Along the way we argue against ‘logic skeptics’ and ‘Turing skeptics’, who claim that neither logic nor Turing played any significant role in the creation of the modern computer.
Journal Article