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Unification means homogeneity based on a rational reduction in the number of types, types, and dimensions of products) of the same functional purpose. In the standards, standardisation is reflected in the size series, from which the main technical characteristics and rational parameters are derived. In the existing literature, there are different interpretations of the concept of unification of machines, products, parts; the available formulations are not contradictory, but are not exhaustive, as they do not cover the full range of tasks solved by unification. A prerequisite for unification is the development and approval of a prospective series of types and dimensions of products of similar purpose. The prospective size range of similar products should be considered approved only if it is included in the current standard.

Casting is suggested to be a promising method to produce the low-cost ODS steel with large volume and high throughput. However, the ingot homogeneity of the cast ODS steel was rarely reported. Recently, our group prepared a castable ODS steel, which exhibited long creep life of 3800 h under 650 °C and 120 MPa. Thus the purpose of this work is presenting the homogeneity of the castable ODS steel. Theoretical addition of Y was 0.1 wt% thereby the steel was named as 9Cr-10Y. Nine samples were machined from the top, middle, bottom, left, center, right regions of this plate then subjected to homogeneity analysis. Y content, prior austenite grain size and second phase size of the nine specimens were 0.023-0.034 wt%, 9.27-0.94 m and 294-314 nm, respectively. Low coefficient of variation (Cv) of 14.5% for Y content, 2.3% for prior austenite grain size and second phase size indicated that the homogeneous composition and microstructure were achieved in the 9Cr-10Y plate. Besides, hardness fluctuated within a small range and all the Cv values were in the range of 0.8%-4.3%, which demonstrated that the hardness distribution along RD, TD, and ND was homogeneous. Furthermore, the 9Cr-10Y plate exhibited high strength of 765 MPa and high elongation of 18.9% as well as low DBTT of −40 °C.

In this paper, the Extended Heinz type function is introduced, and it is proved that the function F[E](a, b;v) is a mean. Further investigated the various properties of mean such as symmetricity, homogeneity, monotonicity and convexity. As an application, some inequalities have been established.

Fuzzy n-s-homogeneity and fuzzy weak n-s-homogeneity are introduced in fuzzy bitopological spaces. Several relationships, characterizations and examples related to them are given.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common debilitating disorder characterized by impaired spontaneous brain activity, yet little is known about its alterations in dynamic properties and the molecular mechanisms associated with these changes. Based on the resting-state functional MRI data of 65 first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with MDD and 66 healthy controls, we compared dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) of spontaneous brain activity between the two groups, and we investigated gene expression profiles associated with dReHo alterations in MDD by leveraging transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD consistently showed reduced dReHo in both fusiform gyri and in the right temporal pole and hippocampus. The expression profiles of 16 gene modules were correlated with dReHo alterations in MDD. These gene modules were enriched for various biological process terms, including immune, synaptic signalling, ion channels, mitochondrial function and protein metabolism, and were preferentially expressed in different cell types. Patients with MDD have reduced dReHo in brain areas associated with emotional and cognitive regulation, and these changes may be related to complex polygenetic and polypathway mechanisms.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is mechanically inhomogeneous due to the presence of a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules and hierarchically assembled structures at the nanoscale. Mechanical inhomogeneity can be even more pronounced under pathological conditions due to injury, fibrogenesis, or tumorigenesis. Although considerable progress has been devoted to engineering synthetic hydrogels to mimic the ECM, the effect of the mechanical inhomogeneity of hydrogels has been widely overlooked. Here, we develop a method based on host–guest chemistry to control the homogeneity of maleimide–thiol cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. We show that mechanical homogeneity plays an important role in controlling the differentiation or stemness maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Inhomogeneous hydrogels disrupt actin assembly and lead to reduced YAP activation levels, while homogeneous hydrogels promote mechanotransduction. Thus, the method we developed to minimize the mechanical inhomogeneity of hydrogels may have broad applications in cell culture and tissue engineering.

A blue-luminescent Tm3+-activated ZnLaB5O10 material was initially synthesized via thermal solid-state reactions. Structural characterization and optical evaluations confirmed phase homogeneity and radiative characteristics of the crystalline products. Experimental data identified 3 mol% Tm3+ doping (x=0.03) as the critical concentration threshold before emission efficiency decline. Mechanistic studies revealed that multipolar electrical interactions dominate energy dissipation processes in over-doped systems. The optimized compound exhibited intense blue emission with CIE chromaticity values (0.1803, 0.1007), demonstrating suitability as a blueconversion material in w-LED architectures.

Slot coating is a widely used method for high performance material production. Coating quality mainly depends on whether the coating liquid can be evenly coated on the material. To be evenly coated, the coating liquid is required to have good transverse velocity uniformity at the exit of the die. The position of the inlet of the die has an important effect on the horizontal uniformity of the die. In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of the inlet position of the die head on the transverse uniformity of the die, we respectively simulated the internal flow field of two different shapes of uniform cross section die head, and finally got the preliminary law. It is found that no matter the shape and structure of the cavity, the transverse uniformity of the coating can be greatly improved using the intermediate feeding method.

In this paper, we test the homogeneity of multiple covariance matrices when the dimension may exceed the sample sizes. A test statistic is proposed which does not depend on the normality assumption. Furthermore, the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed test has accurate significance level, and has a greater improvement in power than some existing tests.