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This study aimed to assess the protective effect of an extract of Lonicera japonica against particulate-matter (PM)[sub.2.5] -induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. The compounds with physiological activity were identified as shanzhiside, secologanoside, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, secologanic acid, secoxyloganin, quercetin pentoside, and dicaffeoyl quinic acids (DCQA), including 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA, 4,5-DCQA, and 1,4-DCQA using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS[sup.E] ). The extract of Lonicera japonica reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation in A549 cells. The extract of Lonicera japonica decreased serum T cells, including CD4[sup.+] T cells, CD8[sup.+] T cells, and total T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and immunoglobulins, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), in PM[sub.2.5] -induced BALB/c mice. The extract of Lonicera japonica protected the pulmonary antioxidant system by regulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, it ameliorated mitochondrial function by regulating the production of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP contents. Moreover, the extract of Lonicera japonica exhibited a protective activity of apoptosis, fibrosis, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways in lung tissues. This study suggests that the extract of Lonicera japonica might be a potential material to improve PM[sub.2.5] -induced pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, significantly impairs patients’ quality of life and is characterized by a compromised intestinal barrier, pathogenic bacterial colonization, and chronic inflammation. The gut microbiota has emerged as a therapeutic target for IBD owing to its role in modulating immune responses, metabolic pathways, and barrier function. In this study, the therapeutic potential of honeysuckle‐derived nanovesicles (HNVs) in a dextran sodium sulfate‐induced murine model of UC is investigated. Oral administration of HNVs alleviates colitis symptoms, reduces colonic inflammation and histopathological damage, restores Treg/Th17 balance, and repairs intestinal barrier integrity. These effects are associated with favorable alterations in the gut microbiota, including an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic species, along with elevated levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are essential for maintaining mucosal immunity and barrier function. Moreover, metabolomic analysis reveals that HNVs promoted bile acid (BA) absorption and regulated BA metabolism, contributing to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the protective effects of HNVs through modulation of SCFA levels and BA metabolism, supporting their potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD. This study explores honeysuckle‐derived nanovesicles (HNVs) for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Orally administered HNVs alleviates colitis in mice by repairing the gut barrier, reducing inflammation, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota. This is linked to increased beneficial short‐chain fatty acids and regulated bile acid metabolism, highlighting HNVs' therapeutic potential.

Saline-alkali stress severely restricts the growth and cultivation of blue honeysuckle ( Lonicera caerulea L.). Exogenous melatonin (MT) regulates plant stress resistance, but its alleviation mechanism in this species remains unclear. This study analyzed the effects of 0, 25, 100, and 200 µmol/L MT on blue honeysuckle seedlings under saline-alkali stress. Results showed 100 µmol/L MT exerted the optimal effect: it mitigated photoinhibition by increasing PSII’s maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and optimizing light energy distribution; enhanced antioxidant defense via upregulating SOD, POD, and CAT activities while reducing MDA content; regulated proline and soluble sugar accumulation to maintain osmotic balance; and activated stress response networks by upregulating NAC/WRKY transcription factors and auxin/ABA-related genes, as well as SNAT/ASMT pathway genes for endogenous MT synthesis. Notably, 200 µmol/L MT induced inhibitory effects via oxidative feedback. In conclusion, 100 µmol/L exogenous MT significantly improves blue honeysuckle’s saline-alkali tolerance through synergistic regulation of photosynthetic stability, antioxidant defense, and transcriptional reprogramming, providing a theoretical basis for saline-alkali land cultivation and MT agricultural application.

• Lonicera japonica is a widespread member of the Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle) family utilized in traditional medical practices. This twining vine honeysuckle also is a much-sought ornamental, in part due to its dynamic flower coloration, which changes from white to gold during development. • The molecular mechanism underlying dynamic flower coloration in L. japonica was elucidated by integrating whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic analysis and biochemical assays. • Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of L. japonica, comprising nine pseudochromosomes with a total size of 843.2 Mb. We also provide evidence for a whole-genome duplication event in the lineage leading to L. japonica, which occurred after its divergence from Dipsacales and Asterales. Moreover, gene expression analysis not only revealed correlated expression of the relevant biosynthetic genes with carotenoid accumulation, but also suggested a role for carotenoid degradation in L. japonica’s dynamic flower coloration. The variation of flower color is consistent with not only the observed carotenoid accumulation pattern, but also with the release of volatile apocarotenoids that presumably serve as pollinator attractants. • Beyond novel insights into the evolution and dynamics of flower coloration, the high-quality L. japonica genome sequence also provides a foundation for molecular breeding to improve desired characteristics.

Apple juice is rich in phenolic compounds that are important as natural antioxidants. In turn, blue honeysuckle berry juice is a valuable source of bioactive ingredients and can be an interesting and beneficial supplement to fruit juices. The aim of this study was to examine the physicochemical and sensory properties of the newly designed mixture of apple juice and blue honeysuckle berry juice. The addition of blue honeysuckle berry juice to apple juice had a significant effect on the content of anthocyanin and vitamin C in the newly designed fruit juices. After production, the content of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the blue honeysuckle berry juice was high (595.39 and 767.88 mg/100 mL, respectively). As the concentration of blue honeysuckle berry juice added to apple juice was increased, the polyphenol content also increased. The juices analyzed after 4 months of storage were lighter and showed a less intense red color than the juices analyzed directly after production. Antioxidant activity (ABTS assay) in the apple juice mixed with 10% blueberry juice was almost 3 times higher than the pure apple juice after 3 months of storage; the addition of 30% blueberry juice significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the apple juice. Thus, the results of this research have expanded the existing knowledge about the health and sensory properties of apple juice mixed with blue honeysuckle berry juice. These findings can be utilized in further research aiming at the development of new products that can meet consumer expectations.

This paper aimed to investigate the bioactive compounds in the dry powder residue of honeysuckle cultivars after extracting the juice. Based on the analyses performed on the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, carotenoids and vitamin C, the results indicated that dried Lonicera caerulea residue represented a rich source of phenolic compounds (8041.36 mg GAE 100 g[sup.−1] ), of which about 80% were tannins (6432.10 mg GAE 100 g[sup.−1] ). The flavonoid content varied around 2436.95 mg CE 100 g[sup.−1] . Vitamin C (185 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ), lycopene and β-carotene (over 2.5 and 2.8 mg 100 g[sup.−1] , respectively) were also quantified. Among the phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid predominated (316 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ), followed by cryptochlorogenic acid (135 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ) and neochlorogenic acid (32 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ). Flavonoids were mainly represented by catechin (2594 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ) and anthocyanins (1442 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ). Similar amounts of epicatechin and rutin were measured (156 mg 100 g[sup.−1] and 148 mg 100 g[sup.−1] ), while the isoquercetin concentration was below 15 mg 100 g[sup.−1] . In conclusion, the high level of phytocompounds and the diverse composition of dry Lonicera caerulea residue support its high nutraceutical value and high health-promoting potential.

Background/Objectives: Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a major global public health concern, and the burden is predicted to increase over time. Modulating neuroinflammation and microglial activity is considered a promising target for improving neurodegenerative disorders. The leaf of honeysuckle (LH), which has anti-inflammatory properties, has long been collected, regardless of the season, and used for medicinal purposes. However, research on its effects on neuroinflammation is scarce. In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effects of LH water extract by inhibiting microglial activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The production or secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators was examined in LPS-exposed BV2 cells to ascertain the efficacy of LH water extract in improving neuroinflammation. In addition, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the degradation of inhibitory κBα (IκBα) were analyzed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of LH water extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was conducted to identify the active component of the LH. Results: LH water extract suppressed the formation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in LPS-activated BV2 cells. LH impeded the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, chlorogenic acid was found in LH. Conclusions: The above findings suggest that LH water extract could improve neuroinflammation.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) bears dietary fruits that are rich in bioactive compounds. However, information on the metabolome profiles of honeysuckle varieties grown in Russia is limited. In this study, we employed tandem mass spectrometry to study the metabolome profiles of four L. caerulea varieties (Volhova, Tomichka, Goluboe vereteno, and Amfora) grown in two geographical locations in Russia, i.e., the Russian Far East and St. Petersburg. We observed that the metabolome profiles of the four varieties grown in two locations differ significantly, particularly in the polyphenol’s other compound classes. We were able to identify 122 bioactive compounds in extracts from honeysuckle berries, 75 compounds from the polyphenol group and 47 compounds from other chemical groups. Thirty chemical constituents from the polyphenol group (flavones jaceosidin, cirsiliol, sophoraisoflavone A, chrysoeriol-O-hexoside, flavonols dimethylquercetin-3-O-dehexoside, rhamnocitrin, rhamnetin II, stilbenes pinosylvin, resveratrol, dihydroresveratrol, etc.) and twenty-seven from other chemical groups were identified. The largest number of unique polyphenols is characteristic of the variety Tomichka, the selection of the regional state unitary enterprise “Bakcharskoye”, from the free pollination of L. caerulea, originating in the Primorsky Territory of Russia (L. caerulea subspecies Turczaninow). This genotype has the highest number of similar unique polyphenols, regardless of where it was grown. Blue honeysuckle genotypes originating from Primorsky Krai in Russia can be used in various breeding programs in order to improve and enrich the biochemical composition of fruits. It should also be noted that, regardless of the place of cultivation, the total amount of unique polyphenols remains quite large. Attention should be paid to the Volhova honeysuckle variety, obtained through gamma irradiation of the Pavlovskaya variety (Kamchatka ecotype). This sample is characterized by a stable composition of biologically active substances, regardless of the growing area. These data could support future research on the production of a variety of pharmaceutical products containing ultrapure extracts of L. caerulea.

Oral supplementation of anthocyanins-rich haskap (Lonicera caerulea) berry (HB) reduces 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and modulated inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The procarcinogen NNK is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, producing reactive metabolites that induce lung carcinogenesis. Hypothesis: Therefore, we hypothesized that the HB-modulated protective effect against NNK could be due to its ability to suppress P450 enzymes. Methods: HB (6 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside [C3G] in 0.2 g of HB/mouse/day) was given to A/J mice as a dietary supplement following subsequent administration of NNK (100 mg/kg body weight). The liver tissues of mice were analyzed to determine the expression of P450s and metabolites. Results: HB upregulated the expression of cyp2a4 and cyp2a5 mRNA and nuclear receptor/transcription factor (PPARα) in NNK-deprived hepatic tissues. With NNK, HB downregulated the expression of cyp2a4 and cyp2a5 and facilitated the formation of non-carcinogenic NNK metabolites. Molecular docking indicated a high binding affinity and strong hydrophobic interactions between C3G and its major metabolites, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin and cyanidin with Cyp2a5 and with human P450 homologue CYP2A13. Conclusions: HB could be a potential dietary supplement to inhibit the P450 activated NNK carcinogenic metabolites formation. Hence, inhibiting the activation of NNK by lung CYP2A13 through dietary HB supplementation could be a strategy to reduce lung carcinogenesis among smokers. Understanding the effect of HB on the activity of CYP2A13 in human studies is necessary before recommending these natural compounds as therapeutics.