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"Horizontal wells"
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Research on the method of tapping the potential of ultra short radius horizontal wells in narrow river sand bodies
Block A has developed narrow channel sand bodies, and over 30 years of efficient development experience, the main target of oil field exploration has gradually shifted from overall exploration to the fault edges and top of oil layers where residual oil is locally enriched. The ultra short radius horizontal well technology has the advantages of small turning radius, accurate target insertion, and simple construction [1] . It has become an important method for tapping the remaining oil in narrow river sand bodies in special well types [2] . This article summarizes the formation of a narrow channel sand body tapping method that combines well seismic prediction with reservoir sand body prediction and trajectory optimization design. Reasonable main design parameters have been determined. The research results indicate that the angle between the design trajectory and the mainstream should be between 120 ° and 150 º. When the angle is 135 °, the production is highest, and the horizontal section length should be between 70m-200m. When the length is 200m, the recovery rate and economic benefits are the best. The interlayer distance should be kept above 50m, and the horizontal section position should be designed in the middle part of oil reservoir. This method was applied to 8 wells in Block A, with an average initial daily oil production of 3.5 tons and an average cumulative oil production of 1053 tons per well. The residual oil tapping effect is significant.
Journal Article
A novel analytical approach to design horizontal well completion using ICDs to eliminate heel-toe effect
Nowadays, horizontal wells are one of the most common methods in the development of oil and gas fields. But Heel-Toe Effect phenomenon and non-uniform production influx along the well have caused early unwanted fluid production and reduced the performance of these. Application of inflow control devices (ICDs) is one of the most appropriate ways to solve these problems, which can ultimately improve the efficiency of horizontal wells both in production and injection. But some of the crucial questions in designing horizontal well completion using ICDs are determining the number of ICDs, identifying their location, and calculating required pressure drop imposed by these ICDs. This research seeks to develop a novel method that uses reliable data with low uncertainty and develops an integrated algorithm to answer these questions rapidly and analytically. This novel method introduces three key parameters in designing horizontal well completion: length of ICD associated well segment, equalized production influx, and the minimum length of ICD associated well segment. Then a novel and fast integrated workflow have been developed that uses the previous key parameters to determine the number of well segments, number of ICDs & AFIs, ICDs & AFIs location, and ICD’s strength.
Journal Article
Buckling and dynamic analysis of drill string system in horizontal wells
Compared with vertical wells and deviated vertical wells, the dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are more complicated and more prone to failure because of the drag-pressure effect under gravity. Most researchers only consider the movement of some drill strings at a certain depth and do not analyze the rotary drilling process of the whole drill string. When most researchers do drill string simulation research, the drill string system diameter of the simulation model is consistent, and the actual drill string assembly is not considered. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and the nonlinear dynamic equation of drill string, the drilling simulation model of the drilling string system in a horizontal well is established by considering the curved hole trajectory and the nonlinear impact contact between the drill string and wellbore. The buckling and dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are analyzed by simulating the whole drilling process, the effect of rotating speed and hook load on the buckling characteristics of the drill string, and the effect of hook load on the whole dynamic characteristics of drill string system are analyzed. The results show that in the drilling process, the buckling deformation of the drill string near the wellhead presents a trend of\"Sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling-sinusoidal buckling,\" the \"sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling \"appears near the oblique section. When the hook load applied at the end of the drill string is greater than the critical value, the drill string will get stuck during drilling. When it is less than the critical value, the greater the value of the hook load, the more stable the axial feed and lateral vibration of the drill string, and the smaller the contact force between the drill string and the wellbore. With the increase in rotating speed, the vibration period of the drill string decreases, and the amplitude of the vibration increases. With the increase of drill string drilling depth, the buckling deformation of the drill string can be reduced by reducing the value of the hook load. The conclusion is that the research results can be helpful for drill string design and structural optimization.
Journal Article
Feasibility Study on Infiltration of Sidetracking Horizontal Wells in Fuyu Tight Oil Field
The Fuyu oil layer in well area 1 is a tight reservoir. Due to poor reservoir properties, conventional fracturing production wells have low production and rapid decline, with a recovery rate of only 2.22%.. Moreover, the surface of the well area is a wetland protection zone along the river. Under the new safety and environmental protection policies, new drilling is not allowed in the protection zone. In order to improve the development effect of the well area and increase the recovery rate, based on the geological and development characteristics of the oil reservoir, and in response to the problem of fast water breakthrough in east-west oil wells and ineffective water injection in non east-west oil wells in the Fuyu oil layer, the main oil layer with high well control degree, small well network density, and well-developed reservoir is selected. The original development well points are used to sidedrill stepped horizontal wells, combined with volume fracturing of tight oil horizontal wells, to avoid adjacent reserve losses, Exploring a new infill model for sidetracking horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs in Fuyu, providing reference for effective development of similar reservoirs.
Journal Article
Coupled Numerical Evaluations of the Geomechanical Interactions Between a Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation and a Natural Fracture System in Shale Formations
Due to the low permeability of many shale reservoirs, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells is used to increase the productive, stimulated reservoir volume. However, each created hydraulic fracture alters the stress field around it, and subsequent fractures are affected by the stress field from previous fractures. The results of a numerical evaluation of the effect of stress field changes (stress shadowing), as a function of natural fracture and geomechanical properties, are presented, including a detailed evaluation of natural fracture shear failure (and, by analogy, the generated microseismicity) due to a created hydraulic fracture. The numerical simulations were performed using continuum and discrete element modeling approaches in both mechanical-only and fully coupled, hydro-mechanical modes. The results show the critical impacts that the stress field changes from a created hydraulic fracture have on the shear of the natural fracture system, which in-turn, significantly affects the success of the hydraulic fracture stimulation. Furthermore, the results provide important insight into: the role of completion design (stage spacing) and operational parameters (rate, viscosity, etc.) on the possibility of enhancing the stimulation of the natural fracture network (‘complexity’); the mechanisms that generate the microseismicity that occurs during a hydraulic fracture stimulation; and the interpretation of the generated microseismicity in relation to the volume of stimulated reservoir formation.
Journal Article
Multi-stage development process and model of steam chamber for SAGD production in a heavy oil reservoir with an interlayer
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an efficient thermal recovery technique for oil sands and extra heavy oil exploitation. The development of steam chamber goes through multi-stage physical processes for SAGD production in a heavy oil reservoir with an interlayer. In this study, considering the situation that an interlayer is located directly above a pair of horizontal wells, we analyzed the whole process of steam chamber development. We divided the whole process into stages I–V, which are the first rising stage, the first lateral expansion stage, the second rising stage, the second lateral expansion stage and the confinement stage, respectively. Particularly, we further divided stage II into 2 periods and stage IV into 3 periods. These stages and periods can help us understand the development process of steam chamber dominated by an interlayer more profoundly. Based on the divided stages and periods, we established different models of SAGD production by assuming different geometric shapes of steam chamber in different stages and periods. Oval shape was assumed in stages I and III, and inverse triangle shape was hypothesized in stages II, IV and V. The formulas of the front distance of steam chamber and the oil production rate of SAGD were deduced from the established models for different development stages. At the end, we performed two example applications to SAGD production in heavy oil reservoirs with an interlayer. The real oil production rates were matched very well with the theoretical oil production rates calculated by the deduced formulas, which implies the multi-stage development model of steam chamber is of reliability and utility.
Journal Article
Numerical simulation of flow field and tool structure design in filling and completion of horizontal Wells
Aiming at the problems of uneven pressure distribution and fluid erosion tools in the process of gravel packing completion in horizontal Wells, numerical simulation of flow field and optimal design of structure of gravel packing tools were carried out. k-ε turbulent flow model was used to simulate the fluid flow in gravel pack, and the distribution of fluid velocity field, pressure field and turbulence intensity and their impact on tool erosion were obtained. The commonly used filling fluid was selected to calculate the flow parameters, and the fluid geometry model was reasonably simplified. The distribution law of velocity, pressure and turbulence intensity of the internal flow field at sections of 20mm and 45mm was obtained. The simulation results were consistent with the impact wear condition of the field test. The research results show that complex eddy current is formed in the position of the sandblasting hole, which has a great impact on the casing wall and the outer side wall of the sandblasting hole, resulting in erosion wear of the tool. By designing a six-hole structure filling server structure and a full-diameter filling device that can reduce the impact effect, the service life of the tool is effectively improved, and good results are obtained in the field application.
Journal Article
Numerical simulation of coupled flow dynamics in bottom-water reservoirs and horizontal wells
Horizontal wells are the primary method for developing bottom-water reservoirs. Accurately understanding the production contribution of each segment of a horizontal well and the downhole production performance serves as the basis for water control completion design. This understanding holds significant importance for enhancing well productivity, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. To address the deficiencies in the research on fluid flow in horizontal wells, ANYSY FLUENT is employed to analyze and evaluate influence rules and degree of target parameters—such as permeability distribution, production pressure difference, crude oil viscosity, and density—on the fluid in both the reservoir and the wellbore. The analysis reveal that the main locations of the reservoir and annulus distribution surface are near the toe of the wellbore. The number of diversion surfaces is correlated with permeability distribution, production pressure difference, crude oil viscosity, and crude oil density. Permeability distribution and oil viscosity play a dominant role: the number of distribution surface in the high-permeability heel section is significantly higher than that in the toe, and the number of distribution surface for crude oil with a viscosity of 200 cP is notably greater than that for 50 cP crude oil. The impacts of pressure drop and oil density are relatively minor: the number of distribution surface is the same under pressure differences of 1.5 MPa and 2.5 MPa, and the same holds true for crude oils with densities of 850 kg/m³ and 950 kg/m³. The research findings fills the gap in the study of fluid flow directions in horizontal wells and possess substantial scientific and engineering value for the effective development of bottom water reservoirs, as well as the production and management of horizontal wells.
Journal Article
Improving coalbed methane recovery in fragmented soft coal seams with horizontal cased well cavitation
Effective coalbed methane extraction from soft coal seams is essential for mine safety and energy supply. To enhance the extraction efficiency of coal mine methane (CMM) and reduce the risk of gas outbursts in coal mining areas, we developed an original and innovate horizontal well hydraulic cavitation method. A mathematical model that can quantitatively optimize construction parameters and improve the effectiveness of engineering applications was also constructed to calculate the technological parameters of this construction method. This technology differs from traditional approaches by relying on hydraulic erosion rather than water jets, and it can be implemented in cased horizontal wells. Utilizing the mathematical model grounded in porous media theory and Darcy’s law, numerical simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics were conducted and construction parameters optimized. The proposed technology significantly advances safe and efficient coalbed methane recovery, benefiting coal mine safety and environmental sustainability.
Journal Article