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"Horses Behavior"
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Przewalski’s horses in eurasia
Przewalski's Horses in Eurasia draws on more than two years of ethnographic research to examine the reintroduction of Prezewalski's horses—a highly endangered breed that is a genetically distinct and distant relative of today's domesticated horses—into their native habitats across Eurasia. Zukosky explores how pluralism in species reintroduction provides insights into the experiences, relationships, and knowledge required for future international collaborations to better capture the complexity of both nature and society in scientific practice. The book includes philosophical discussions of pluralism in narrative, ethnographic studies of biologists' observations of changing horse behavior from European captive conditions to release in the wild in Asia, and ethnographic accounts of local non-scientists' sentiments about the benefits and disadvantages of reintroduction in central Mongolia. Recommended for scholars of anthropology and biology.
eBook
The mind of the horse : an introduction to equine cognition
Horses were domesticated about 6000 years ago on the vast Eurasian steppe. Michel-Antoine Leblanc presents an encyclopedic synthesis of scientific knowledge about equine behavior and cognition, providing experts and enthusiasts alike with an up-to-date understanding of how horses perceive, think about, and adapt to their physical and social worlds.
eBook
It is not I who seek the horse, the horse seeks me : a book
Klaus Ferdinand Hempfling is internationally regarded as an expert on the body language of horses. Using the example of two stallions, he explains his system of a non-violent relationship to the horse. Illustrated with many pictures, the reader will follow the progress of Arab stallion Marouk and Lusitano stallion Queijo in discovering a confident and harmonious relationship to their human.
Book
The Relationship of Humans and Horses—A Perspective from the Past to the Future
The love for horses is deeply rooted in human history and culture, captivating us with their magnificent nature. For millennia, horses have been crucial to human survival and development, providing transportation, labor, and even status. Currently, interest in human relationships with other animals has grown significantly, in the context of promoting the well-being and essential health of both species. This entry aims to explore the possibilities of human–horse relationships, from early interactions to strong bonds. The literature collected here highlights the complexity of this relationship, with special attention to the various biological and social factors involved. The text compares historical practices with current perspectives, examining how these changes affect the relationship between humans and horses. It examines how connecting with horses potentially benefits both humans and horses, underlining the importance of recognizing horse behavior and noting that our assumptions may not reflect their true needs. This literature enriches our understanding of the multifaceted nature of human–horse relationships, offering a new perspective on horse care, which focuses on positive relationship and well-being, and therefore on the importance of harmonious provision of all domains of well-being, highlighting the importance of healthy behavioral interactions and emotional stability of both species.
Journal Article
Spaced training enhances equine learning performance
This field experiment examined whether the well-documented benefit of spaced over massed training for humans and other animals generalizes to horses. Twenty-nine randomly selected horses (Equus ferus caballus) repeatedly encountered a novel obstacle-crossing task while under saddle. Horses were randomly assigned to the spaced-training condition (2 min work, 2 min rest, 2 min work, 2 min rest) or the massed-training condition (4 min work, 4 min rest). Total training time per session and total rest per session were held constant. Days between sessions (M = 3) were held as consistent as possible given the constraints of conducting research on a working ranch and safety–threatening weather conditions. During each training session, the same hypothesis-naïve rider shaped horses to cross a novel obstacle. Fifteen of 16 horses in the spaced-training condition reached performance criterion (94% success) while only 5 of 13 horses in the massed-training condition reached performance criterion (39% success). Horses in the spaced-training condition also initiated their first obstacle-crossing faster than horses in the massed-training condition and were faster at completing eight crossings than horses in the massed-training condition. Overall, task acquisition was higher for horses undergoing spaced training despite both groups experiencing the same total work and rest time per session. These findings generalize the learning-performance benefit observed in human spaced practice to horses and offer applied benefit to equine training.
Journal Article
Considering the horse : tales of problems solved and lessons learned
Rashid's entertaining stories introduces quiet solutions for resolving training problems from the horse's point of view. Topics include ground manners, picking up feet, headshyness, trailer loading, mounting problems, balking, and head tossing.
Book
Racehorse welfare across a training season
Racehorse welfare is gaining increasing public attention, however scientific evidence in this area is lacking. In order to develop a better understanding of racehorse welfare, it must be measured and monitored. This is the first study to assess racehorse welfare using scientific objective methods across a training season. The aim of this study was threefold, firstly to investigate welfare measures which could be used in the first welfare assessment protocol for racehorses. Secondly, to understand the effect that a racing and training season had on individual racehorses and thirdly to identify risk factors for both good and poor welfare. Thirteen racehorse training yards were visited at the beginning and the peak of the racing season in England. Behavioral observations along with individual environmental and animal-based welfare measures were carried out on 353 horses in 13 training yards selected for variability. In our sample the horses were generally in good physical health: 94% of horses recorded as an ideal body condition score, no horses had signs of hoof neglect and 77.7% had no nasal discharge. The overall prevalence of external Mouth Corner Lesions was 12.9% and was significantly higher for Flat racing than Jump racing horses. The majority of horses (67.5%) showed positive horse human interactions. When stabled 54.1% horses had physical social contact and nasal discharge was not associated with increased physical contact. The training season significantly affected Human Reactivity Tests, Horse Grimace Scale scores and time spent resting and feeding. A total of 14.5% of horses displayed stereotypic behavior on at least two occasions. Horses with windows in their stables spent more time surveying their surroundings. Overall, in this population of racehorses, horses spent around a third of their daytime feeding (33.7%) followed by time spent standing resting (22.6%). The welfare assessment protocol used in this study is suitable for use in industry to collect welfare data on racehorses.
Journal Article