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Let's clean up!
Cleaning sounds like a tough and dirty job, but it can be fun! Budding readers learn how to take the tough task of cleaning up and make the most of it, helping their families and the environment along the way.
Book
Occupational Health and Safety
This comprehensive handbook delves into the essence of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), exploring the dynamic interplay between regulations, practical methodologies, and the broader impact of OHS on organizations. The goal of the book is to help readers understand OHS practices in the workplace and how to implement a plan. Chapter 1 establishes the conceptual framework of OHS and provides a foundational understanding of the subject. Moving forward, Chapters 2 and 3 dive into the international and national legal requirements, giving a comparative overview of OHS legislation in the EU and specific regulations in Romania, Italy, and Spain. Chapter 4 introduces readers to risk assessment tools and the OHS management process, while Chapter 5 emphasizes the importance of performance monitoring and measuring. Chapter 6 presents a step-by-step risk assessment methodology. Finally, Chapter 7 explores the significant impact of OHS on overall company performance, integrating ergonomics and organizational resilience. Key Features: Combines theoretical insights with practical applications for academics and OHS professionals.
Offers an up-to-date analysis of OHS regulations, with a focus on EU guidelines and specific regulations for Romania, Italy, and Spain.
Provides knowledge on risk assessment tools and performance monitoring methods for effective safety measures.
Highlights the essential relationship between OHS and company performance with real-world examples and a systems approach.
The book is ideal for a wide range of readers, including OHS trainees, professional safety managers, policymakers, researchers and students studying OHS practices, safety regulations and its organizational impact. Readership OHS trainees, professional safety managers, policymakers, researchers and students studying OHS practices, safety regulations and its organizational impact.
eBook
A perfectly kept house is the sign of a misspent life : how to live creatively with collections, clutter, work, kids, pets, art, etc.-- and stop worrying about everything being perfectly in its place
\"How to make your house a home filled with comfort, ambience, informality, personality, and a welcoming spirit-- while living beautifully with all the things you love\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Reduction in Acquisition of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus after Enforcement of Routine Environmental Cleaning Measures
Background. The role of environmental contamination in nosocomial cross-transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been unresolved. Using vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) as a marker organism, we investigated the effects of improved environmental cleaning with and without promotion of hand hygiene adherence on the spread of VRE in a medical intensive care unit. Methods. The study comprised a baseline period (period 1), a period of educational intervention to improve environmental cleaning (period 2), a “washout” period without any specific intervention (period 3), and a period of multimodal hand hygiene intervention (period 4). We performed cultures for VRE of rectal swab samples obtained from patients at admission to the intensive care unit and daily thereafter, and we performed cultures of environmental samples and samples from the hands of health care workers twice weekly. We measured patient clinical and demographic variables and monitored intervention adherence frequently. Results. Our study included 748 admissions to the intensive care unit over a 9-month period. VRE acquisition rates were 33.47 cases per 1000 patient-days at risk for period 1 and 16.84, 12.09, and 10.40 cases per 1000 patient-days at risk for periods 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The mean (±SD) weekly rate of environmental sites cleaned increased from 0.48 ± 0.08 at baseline to 0.87 ± 0.08 in period 2; similarly high cleaning rates persisted in periods 3 and 4. Mean (±SD) weekly hand hygiene adherence rate was 0.40 ± 0.01 at baseline and increased to 0.57 ± 0.11 in period 2, without a specific intervention to improve adherence, but decreased to 0.29 ± 0.26 in period 3 and 0.43 ± 0.1 in period 4. Mean proportions of positive results of cultures of environmental and hand samples decreased in period 2 and remained low thereafter. In a Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio for acquiring VRE during periods 2–4 was 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.68); the only determinant explaining the difference in VRE acquisition was admission to the intensive care unit during period 1. Conclusions. Decreasing environmental contamination may help to control the spread of some antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals.
Journal Article
Investigating the effect of enhanced cleaning and disinfection of shared medical equipment on health-care-associated infections in Australia (CLEEN): a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised, controlled trial
There is a paucity of high-quality evidence based on clinical endpoints for routine cleaning of shared medical equipment. We assessed the effect of enhanced cleaning and disinfection of shared medical equipment on health-care-associated infections (HAIs) in hospitalised patients.
We conducted a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised, controlled trial in ten wards of a single hospital located on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. Hospitals were eligible for inclusion if they were classified as public acute group A according to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, were located in New South Wales, had an intensive care unit, had a minimum of ten wards, and provided care for patients aged 18 years or older. Each cluster consisted of two randomly allocated wards (by use of simple randomisation), with a new cluster beginning the intervention every 6 weeks. Wards were informed of their allocation 2 weeks before commencement of intervention exposure, and the researcher collecting primary outcome data and audit data was masked to treatment sequence allocation. In the control phase, there was no change to environmental cleaning practices. In the intervention phase, a multimodal cleaning bundle included an additional 3 h per weekday for the dedicated cleaning and disinfection of shared medical equipment by 21 dedicated cleaning staff, with ongoing education, audit, and feedback. The primary outcome was the number of confirmed cases of HAI, as assessed by a fortnightly point prevalence survey and measured in all patients admitted to the wards during the study period. The completed trial is registered with Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001143718).
The hospital was recruited on July 31, 2022, and the study was conducted between March 20 and Nov 24, 2023. We assessed 220 hospitals for eligibility, of which five were invited to participate, and the first hospital to formally respond was enrolled. 5002 patients were included in the study (2524 [50·5%] women and 2478 [49·5%] men). In unadjusted results, 433 confirmed HAI cases occurred in 2497 patients (17·3%, 95% CI 15·9 to 18·8) in the control phase and 301 confirmed HAI cases occurred in 2508 patients (12·0%, 10·7 to 13·3) in the intervention phase. In adjusted results, there was a relative reduction of –34·5% (–50·3 to –17·5) in HAIs following the intervention (odds ratio 0·62, 95% CI 0·45 to 0·80; p=0·0006), corresponding to an absolute reduction equal to –5·2% (–8·2 to –2·3). No adverse effects were reported.
Improving the cleaning and disinfection of shared medical equipment significantly reduced HAIs, underscoring the crucial role of cleaning in improving patient outcomes. Findings emphasise the need for dedicated approaches for cleaning shared equipment.
National Health and Medical Research Council.
Journal Article
Alteration of housekeeping genes and proteins through senescence of human skin fibroblast cells
The expression levels of certain genes or proteins may exhibit various features regardless of the tissue type. The housekeeping genes and reference proteins are often used during the normalization of expression studies. Herein, we aim to determine and validate the most stable reference gene and protein for a healthy human fibroblast cell line. This study used a finite fibroblast cell line derived from healthy human skin (CCD1079Sk). The samples between 25 and until senescence occurs at passage 55 were collected. Morphological changes during aging by cultivation were observed in each passage. Seven genes (ACTB, SDHA, GAPDH, RPLP0, VCL, TBP, 18S) were evaluated during cultivation and ranked according to their stability via the RefFinder interface. This study reports strong variations for both gene and protein expression studies and the morphology of the cells. Notably, during cultivation, the cell morphology showed an irreversible change starting from passage 43, before the known replicative lifespan of CCD1079Sk. The lack of an RPLP0 subunit after passage 39 may limit the cultivation range when protein expression is required. GAPDH is also an ideal reference gene and protein when studies include gene and protein expression. Or, as a second option, Vinculin may be the first choice when mRNA expression is required, and β-Actin is the best choice for reference protein when the studies include only protein expression. Plus, such as SDHA, RPLP0, and TBP should be avoided. These results will benefit further studies, including normalization for both gene, protein, and cell type.
Journal Article
Simple household wisdom : 425 easy ways to clean & organize your home
Offers smart and stylish ways to find storage space, make the most of your yard, tidy up around the house, enjoy carefree entertaining and more-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Researching effective approaches to cleaning in hospitals: protocol of the REACH study, a multi-site stepped-wedge randomised trial
Background
The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study will generate evidence about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a novel cleaning initiative that aims to improve the environmental cleanliness of hospitals. The initiative is an environmental cleaning bundle, with five interdependent, evidence-based components (training, technique, product, audit and communication) implemented with environmental services staff to enhance hospital cleaning practices.
Methods/design
The REACH study will use a stepped-wedge randomised controlled design to test the study intervention, an environmental cleaning bundle, in 11 Australian hospitals. All trial hospitals will receive the intervention and act as their own control, with analysis undertaken of the change within each hospital based on data collected in the control and intervention periods. Each site will be randomised to one of the 11 intervention timings with staggered commencement dates in 2016 and an intervention period between 20 and 50 weeks. All sites complete the trial at the same time in 2017. The inclusion criteria allow for a purposive sample of both public and private hospitals that have higher-risk patient populations for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The primary outcome (objective one) is the monthly number of
Staphylococcus aureus
bacteraemias (SABs),
Clostridium difficile
infections (CDIs) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) infections, per 10,000 bed days. Secondary outcomes for objective one include the thoroughness of hospital cleaning assessed using fluorescent marker technology, the bio-burden of frequent touch surfaces post cleaning and changes in staff knowledge and attitudes about environmental cleaning. A cost-effectiveness analysis will determine the second key outcome (objective two): the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio from implementation of the cleaning bundle.
The study uses the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (iPARIHS) framework to support the tailored implementation of the environmental cleaning bundle in each hospital.
Discussion
Evidence from the REACH trial will contribute to future policy and practice guidelines about hospital environmental cleaning. It will be used by healthcare leaders and clinicians to inform decision-making and implementation of best-practice infection prevention strategies to reduce HAIs in hospitals.
Trial registration
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry
ACTRN12615000325505
Journal Article