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Women's empowerment is related to women's decision-making power, easy access to information, and resource control. Women entrepreneurship is in the initial stage in Pakistan. The present study primarily focused on the challenge of women empowerment through entrepreneurship in Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through the survey method. The target population of the study was 120 women of the main cities of Pakistan. The target population was divided into two categories (housewife/ entrepreneur cum housewife). The results highlight that entrepreneurship played a significant role and increased the decision-making power of women entrepreneurs as compared to the housewife. However, women entrepreneurs are facing various obstacles such as less governmental support, complicated bank loan procedures, lack of entrepreneurial education, and market awareness. The governmental support in place of smooth and easily accessible bank loans for women requires enhancing their confidence and control over resources similar to the men. The result highlights that women entrepreneurs have strong decision-making power, fewer mobility issues, autonomy, financial independence, and empowerment. This study will help policymakers to formulate strategies to overcome the obstacles of women entrepreneurship to attain empowerment through entrepreneurship. A women empowerment model is proposed to be followed.

Background Approximately half of the Iranian population are women, and they play a vital role in the home. The women’s attitude can play a critical role in the safety of homes. Best of our knowledge, there is not a valid and reliable instrument to measure their attitude toward home safety. So, the present study aimed to design a psychometrics tool to assess women’s attitudes toward home safety. Methods The researchers designed an instrument based on the home safety concept as the first instrument to measure housewives’ attitudes toward home safety. The developed instrument distributed among 686 women in Tabriz health centers. Content validity, confirmatory, and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest were employed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be above 1.5. In the content validity section, 4 items were excluded from the 39 questionnaire items due to low Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The mean CVR of all items was 0.842. By conducting exploratory factor analysis, it was found that the questionnaire has six dimensions. Three questions were removed from the study due to lack of connection with other items. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is equal to 0.924, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the instrument . Conclusions This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess the safety attitudes of housewives toward home safety. It was found that the prepared tool has acceptable validity and reliability.

Introduction: Burns is a condition that is experienced by the community that can cause skin damage to the epidermis. This is often experienced by housewives due to their daily life in the kitchen. So that this does not cause serious problems, then housewives need sufficient knowledge. The use of demonstration and audiovisual (Demavi) health education is packaged to increase one's knowledge. The study aims to recognize the impact of the demonstration health education package and audiovisual on the first aid knowledge of the burns on housewives in Bangetayu Wetan Methods: This type of research is quantitative research. The design used a quasi-experiment with the control group pretest-posttest. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with 27 closed-ended questions with multiple choice answer. The number of respondents is 107 which are 54 in treatment group and 53 in control group using the simple random sampling. Data obtained are statistically processed using chi-square test Results: The result of the statistical test shows significant effects of demonstrations and audiovisual and health education packages on knowledge about first aid burns among housewives with p-value of 0.094. Conclusion: The demonstration and audiovisual health education packages   has an effect on housewives’ knowledge of first aid in burns. Other package methods can be developed to make it easier for health workers to do health promotion, and other methods of health promotion package development should be adapted to the theme of the material and the existing audience characteristic.

The social rights of citizenship are conditioned on labor market participation. While quite a lot of research has focused on how, e.g., income and type of employment contract are related to attitudes towards welfare redistribution, less interest has been paid to the effect of being active on the labor at all, or not, for those attitudes. This study uses previously unexplored interview data with some 3,000 married women collected in 1968, at the time when married women entered the labor market in large numbers and the housewife era ended. Theoretically, the study departs from a discussion of self-interest and/or care oriented thinking as possible determinants of attitudes to redistribution. The results show that women who were active on the labor market, with control for other factors, tended to be more positive to redistribution than women in unpaid work. Translated into today’s discussion of why women tend to be more positive to redistribution than men, the results can be said to point away from explanations in terms of care-oriented thinking, and rather to factors like, e.g., self-interest.

This paper evaluates the correlation between intra-household bargaining power and the happiness of married women using Japanese longitudinal survey data (Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers: JPSC) from 1995 to 2013.The results suggest that when absolute income, relative household income, and other factors are constant, the income gap, wage gap and education gap between wife and husband negatively affect married Japanese women’s happiness. The proportion of the total household income or husband’s income controlled by the wife can positively affect married Japanese women’s happiness. The effects of intra-household bargaining power on happiness are greater for the working married women group than the housewife group.

This study examines the interaction effect of having children and a wife’s employment status on happiness using the Japanese panel data; it answers two research questions (RQs). RQ1: Who is happier, housewives or working wives? RQ2: What is the relative size of happiness of housewives without children, housewives with children, working wives without children, and working wives with children? Additionally, do these relationships change when considering the wife’s employment status (full-time, part-time, and self-employed) and having different work–life responsibilities? The study results have revealed three findings: (1) Housewives were happier than working wives, though unobserved fixed effects were considered; (2) housewives without children were the happiest, followed by working wives without children, housewives with children, and working wives with children, thereby suggesting that not all housewives are happier than working wives; and (3) full-time working wives without children were happier than housewives with children. These results revealed that children’s negative effects on wives’ happiness outweighed the impact of wives’ employment status. Moreover, these results are likely to be influenced by Japan’s current situation wherein the gender-based division of labor is robust, and the burden of housework and childcare relies on women alone.

Breast cancer is cancer with the number of new cases and deaths highest in Indonesia. According to the Data Center and Information Ministry of a health Indonesia in the year 2013, the number of new cases of breast cancer of 819 and the number of deaths amounted to 217. In general, breast cancer known after stepping on an advanced stage. So the methods of early detection of breast cancer are focused on the detection of early stage tumors that are usually small with self-breast examination (SADARI). The purpose of this research is to predict the factors related to the behavior of self-breast examination (SADARI) the housewives aged 40–50 years. This research is an observational study with cross sectional approach. Sample research totaling 100 people  housewife in Kelurahan Sidotopo Wetan Kenjeran Subdistrict Surabaya. The measurement was done by providing a questionnaire to obtain information about the research variables. Variable independent research is k nowledge, attitudes, information accessibility, support health providers and descent with breast cancer. The results of this research showed the variables that are associated with the  SADARI behavior of the housewifes is attitude (p = 0.000), accessibility of information (p = 0.000), and health care providers support (p = 0.010). The majority of housewives in Kelurahan Sidotopo Wetan Kenjeran Sub-district Surabaya showed a good attitude and support toward SADARI. In the area surrounding the residence h ousewife get access information easily. There are no support for doing SADARI from health care providers.

This article explores the Marxist-feminist critique of capitalism of the International Feminist Collective (IFC) of the1970s and its Wages for Housework (WfH) campaign. WfH theorists, including Mariarosa Dalla Costa, Selma James, Silvia Federici, Marie Mies and Claudia von Werlhof, combine Marxist and feminist perspectives to articulate a compelling critique of capitalism designed to unite the entire working class, including both waged and unwaged workers. I argue that, despite the movement’s seemingly narrower slogan, the WfH demand was an implicit argument for an unconditional, individual, and universal basic income. Like other historical precedents of contemporary basic income movements, the WfH campaign was unsuccessful in achieving its policy goal. Despite its failure, its identification of unwaged housewives as workers, its extension of the concept of the housewife to precarious workers in the globalized economy, and its identification of the strategic deficiencies of mainstream working class and feminist movements are critical to contextualizing contemporary debates on basic income and to the development of successful strategies for contemporary working class movements.

This study investigated the association of hours of paid work with dietary intake and diet quality among Japanese married women. This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of a nationwide population survey in 2013. The analytic sample included 644 married women aged 20–59 years. The participants were categorized into five groups according to hours of paid work per week: 0 (housewives), 1–14, 15–34, 35–42, and ≥43 h. Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) was used to measure the dietary quality. The association of hours of paid work with dietary intake and NRF9.3 score was assessed using a multivariable general linear regression analysis with adjustments for confounders. Hours of paid work were associated with a higher intake of rice and lower intake of vegetables, potatoes, soy products, and seaweeds and nutrients including protein, dietary fiber, and most vitamins and minerals. Hours of paid work were negatively associated with the NRF9.3 score. This study showed that Japanese married women engaging in paid work, especially those who work long hours, have less healthy diets. Efforts to improve the dietary intake of married women with paid work might be needed.

This article focuses on the early stand-up career of Phyllis Diller, whose fast-paced mockery of domestic life made her a fixture in comedy clubs and on television beginning in the late 1950s, showing how Diller's career contributed to feminist consciousness-raising before the publication of Friedan's Feminine Mystique. Using recent theoretical contributions pertaining to affect from feminist and queer theory as well as Judith Halberstam's Queer Art of Failure, this article argues that Diller's performance of repeated domestic failure helped set the stage for the decade of activism to follow. Moreover, including Diller's career in studies of second-wave feminism expands our understanding of the affective framework of feminist activism that often focuses narrowly on anger.