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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), often referred to as drones, are integrated into the repertoire of both state and violent non-state actors (VNSAs). This Research Note updates the findings presented in a 2020 article published in Perspectives on Terrorism, and presents descriptive statistics on violent non-state actors’ use of armed UAVs. This research has, through open sources, identified 1,122 incidents where VNSAs have used armed UAVs in attacks. The UAV attacks are recorded across the globe, from Mexico and Ecuador, through the Middle East and North Africa, to Myanmar. However, 91.3 percent of the attacks occurred in the Middle East and North Africa. The majority of UAV attacks are directed at hard targets, such as military targets. However, the Houthis in Yemen stand out as a VNSA more willing to attack civilian infrastructure, such as airports, energy infrastructure, and the commercial shipping industry, using UAVs as a strategic weapon. The showcasing of UAVs’ potential in combat and conflict by state and non-state actors through media and social media is likely to influence actors who have yet to incorporate UAVs into their repertoire.

Recent events in and outside of conflict zones have raised apprehensions about the threat that Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) might pose to modern societies. There have been reports of organizations like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) weaponizing their UAVs. However, scholarly literature exploring this topic is scarce. This article brings forth findings from empirical evidence systematically collected and complied from open sources and databases (n = 440). Our findings demonstrate that non-state actors, especially in the Middle East, have acquired weaponized UAV capabilities. We have also found that non-state actors choose targets discriminately, preferring hard targets over soft targets, and that their UAV attacks have so far not led to mass casualties. However, the latter may change if target preferences change. These findings should further raise awareness of the threat posed by weaponized UAVs in non-state hands while acknowledging a disturbing implication for counterterrorism efforts—their bombs might become harder to stop.

This paper focuses on daily violence as the main theme in novel The Smile Owner which was written by Fekriah Shahrah. It depicts the hegemony of Houthi militia in Yemen. It is an analytical study which interprets the novelist's literary work The Smile Owner. Moreover, as an instrument of data collection an interview with the novelist has been conducted to shed more light on the novel. This study is based on critical analysis of the literary text, which interprets the real context of violence in Yemen. Violence is a global issue between good and evil, and war and love. Shahrah as many of Yemeni novelists depicted the consequences of violence in their literary platform. The novel represents the situation of Yemen in the ongoing war in Yemen. Hence, the war in Yemen, death, abduction, retaliation and social fragmentation are the main themes of written and spoken Yemeni literature. This paper exposes the horrible implications of the coup led by Houthi Militia backed by Iran against the legal government backed by coalition led by Saudi Arabia and Emirates. Therefore, Fekriah Shahrah in the literary platform portrayed violence in Yemeni society using the narrated text as a tool to convey the awful war consequences.

This article intends to shed light on the political and security developments in Yemen that ultimately resulted in the Saudi-led military operation in this country. It discusses the political background behind the Yemeni revolution of 2011, its positive outcome in the shape of the results of the National Dialogue Conference and the reasons for the collapse of the efforts to stabilize Yemen.

The Houthi uprising in Yemen has evolved into a complex, protracted conflict marked by deep political, sectarian, and regional tensions. This paper provides an analytical overview of the political and regional dynamics that have shaped the conflict, tracing its roots to internal power struggles, economic grievances, and external influences. It examines the role of regional actors, including Saudi Arabia and Iran, whose geopolitical interests have exacerbated the conflict, transforming it into a proxy war. Additionally, the study explores the impact of the uprising on Yemen’s internal politics, humanitarian crisis, and regional stability. By unpacking the interplay between local factions and international interventions, this analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes and consequences of the Houthi uprising and its broader implications for the Middle East.

The phenomenon of child recruitment is an alarming issue all over the world in general and in Yemeni society in particular. As a result, this research article attempts to investigate the most effective factors that stand behind the armed recruitment of Yemeni children in the current war across the country. The research design is quantitative in nature and it is based on a questionnaire which has been designed and used as the main tool of data collection. The sample consists of 55 respondents who are intellectuals, activists and politicians as a convenient sampling. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) has been adopted to analyze the collected data via Google forms and e-mail. The overall results and findings have shown that the educational-oriented factors represent the most effective factors among the other factors that have a significant influence on children recruitment in Yemen war with a mean of (3.64) and S.D.D (0.41). Also, the second most important factor is the economy-oriented problems that have affected the whole country with a mean of (3.57) and S.D.D (0.43). However, the least effective factor among the others was the social factor with a mean of (3.30) and S.D.SD (0.49). The findings of this study imply that the absence and care of education has to a large extent paved the way to engage and recruit children in wars. Nonetheless, the economic and financial situation of people has undoubtedly helped in engaging young children in wars to get their living. Urgent solutions and remedies are highly needed and strongly recommended in education and economy fields to avoid and reduce the armed recruitment of children in the ongoing war in Yemen.