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The construction accuracy of block hull plates is the key to improving the non-allowance construction rate of ships, and the accuracy inspection during its forming process provides a data basis for ensuring construction accuracy. The existing accuracy measurement of block hull plates relying on total stations still has problems such as low detection efficiency and poor timeliness. Therefore, a rapid reconstruction method for hull block plates based on the point cloud characteristics of hull curved plates is proposed. Firstly, based on geometric attributes, a method for extracting the normal vectors of the boundary points of the curved plate point cloud is proposed, and then a curved plate point cloud splicing method based on the node interpolation algorithm is created. Finally, the rapid reconstruction of the side and stern block hull plates of a bulk carrier is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Taking the cable-laying ship and the pod propeller as the research objects, based on the Reynolds time-averaged RANS equation and sliding moving grid technology, the self-propulsion numerical calculation of the coupling of the pod propeller and the hull was completed. By comparing the resistance of the bare hull and the thrust of the pod propeller, the hydrodynamic interference under the coupling state of the pod propeller and the hull is analyzed. The results show that when Fr =0.295, the total resistance of the ship increases by 21.6%, the pressure difference resistance increases by 30.5%, the wake fraction is 0.011, and the thrust derating is 0.178. The research results provide theoretical and technical guidance on the interference problem between the hull and the pod propeller.

Background Rice is the primary source of calories for a large portion of the global population. Most rice hulls are of the trichome-type and produce dust, which can cause respiratory allergies and environmental concerns during handling. By contrast, glabrous-type hulls reduce storage volume and minimise dust, making processing cleaner and more eco-friendly. Despite the advantages of glabrous rice as a breeding resource, no molecular markers are available for the effective selection of this trait. Results In this study, we developed a novel cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker specifically designed to select glabrous hulls in rice. Using the sequence information of the Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP) marker KJ05_001, closely linked to GLR1 , we identified an Mse I recognition site for targeted digestion. This sequence was used to create the GLR1 _CAPS marker, showing tight linkage to GLR1 . The effectiveness of this marker was tested in 290 diverse rice germplasm lines, confirming its broad applicability. Conclusions Overall, the GLR1 _CAPS marker is an efficient and reliable tool for breeding programs focused on the development of glabrous rice varieties. By facilitating accurate selection of this trait, the developed marker offers substantial improvements in rice storage, handling, and processing, contributing to more sustainable and allergy-friendly agricultural practices. This novel molecular marker represents an important advancement in rice breeding and opens new avenues for the development of rice varieties with reduced environmental and health impacts. Graphical Abstract

Home range estimation is routine practice in ecological research. While advances in animal tracking technology have increased our capacity to collect data to support home range analysis, these same advances have also resulted in increasingly autocorrelated data. Consequently, the question of which home range estimator to use on modern, highly autocorrelated tracking data remains open. This question is particularly relevant given that most estimators assume independently sampled data. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of autocorrelation on home range estimation. We base our study on an extensive data set of GPS locations from 369 individuals representing 27 species distributed across five continents. We first assemble a broad array of home range estimators, including Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) with four bandwidth optimizers (Gaussian reference function, autocorrelated-Gaussian reference function [AKDE], Silverman's rule of thumb, and least squares cross-validation), Minimum Convex Polygon, and Local Convex Hull methods. Notably, all of these estimators except AKDE assume independent and identically distributed (IID) data. We then employ half-sample cross-validation to objectively quantify estimator performance, and the recently introduced effective sample size for home range area estimation (N̂area) to quantify the information content of each data set. We found that AKDE 95% area estimates were larger than conventional IID-based estimates by a mean factor of 2. The median number of cross-validated locations included in the hold-out sets by AKDE 95% (or 50%) estimates was 95.3% (or 50.1%), confirming the larger AKDE ranges were appropriately selective at the specified quantile. Conversely, conventional estimates exhibited negative bias that increased with decreasing N̂area. To contextualize our empirical results, we performed a detailed simulation study to tease apart how sampling frequency, sampling duration, and the focal animal's movement conspire to affect range estimates. Paralleling our empirical results, the simulation study demonstrated that AKDE was generally more accurate than conventional methods, particularly for small N̂area. While 72% of the 369 empirical data sets had >1,000 total observations, only 4% had an N̂area >1,000, where 30% had an N̂area <30. In this frequently encountered scenario of small N̂area, AKDE was the only estimator capable of producing an accurate home range estimate on autocorrelated data.

Components and structures working in the marine environment are exposed to high stresses attributable to the action of wind, waves, and tides. Moreover, they have to face hostile and severe environmental conditions during their lifetime, being placed in the splash zone if not even submerged in saltwater. The application of polymer composites in marine systems has been the focus of intensive studies in the last decades, highlighting potential benefits given by the replacement of several components, such as ship hulls, propeller blades, wind, and tidal turbine blades, to cite but a few. The present paper reports the latest advances in this area, addressing the applications of advanced composites in ships and ship components, offshore oil and gas composites, marine renewable energy and underwater repairing.

During the early stages of aerobic composting, heat is generated and when the materials are self-insulating, extended exposure of pathogens to this heat source will lead to significant reduction, if not elimination, of the pathogens. However, when insufficient heat is applied to the composting materials, pathogens may survive. Under those conditions if the compost had contained material of animal origin or food waste, it would be considered untreated and would not be allowed in fields growing crops that may be consumed raw. However, alternative treatment processes are allowed, provided they are validated to meet the microbial standards stipulated in the Produce Safety final rule of the Food Safety Modernization Act and that the physical parameters of the process are documented to ensure that the conditions under which the process was validated have been met. Hence, this exploratory study was undertaken in a laboratory setting to determine the potential for application of aerosolized smoke to inactivate in manure-based compost. Smoke generated from wood chips (oak or pecan) and introduced to the headspace of contaminated cow manure compost (≤3 log CFU/g) in sealed containers (35 g per container) resulted in no detected by enrichment culture in 100% (0 of 14) of the samples after 18 to 48 h of exposure, whereas in control samples remained at initial levels over the same time period. Shorter exposure times (6 h) to the smoke aerosols were less effective (11 of 24 samples positive by enrichment culture), and additional flushes with the wood smoke during this time failed to decrease the prevalence of contamination. Smoke aerosols generated from waste agricultural materials and held in containers with -contaminated compost for 18 h significantly reduced the prevalence of the pathogen in samples compared with control samples ( < 0.05). The odds of not finding in smoke-exposed compost were 14 (pine needles and rice hulls), 23 (cocoa hulls, orange rind, and peanut hulls), and 28 (sunflower hulls) times greater compared with samples not exposed to smoke. Many other variables remain to be examined (e.g., compost composition, compost maturity, and anaerobic conditions) to determine whether this approach could be universally applied to manure-based compost. Validation under field conditions will be required and may entail use of this approach in combination with suboptimal thermal conditions (<55°C).

Ice accretion has adverse effects on a range of commercial and residential activities. The force required to remove ice from a surface is typically considered to scale with the iced area. This imparts a scalability limit to the use of icephobic coatings for structures with large surface areas, such as power lines or ship hulls. We describe a class of materials that exhibit a low interfacial toughness with ice, resulting in systems for which the forces required to remove large areas of ice (a few square centimeters or greater) are both low and independent of the iced area. We further demonstrate that coatings made of such materials allow ice to be shed readily from large areas (~1 square meter) merely by self-weight.

We present an algorithm that reveals relevant contributions in non-threshold-type asymptotic expansion of Feynman integrals about a small parameter. It is shown that the problem reduces to finding a convex hull of a set of points in a multidimensional vector space.

In this paper, we examine a mixed integer linear programming reformulation for mixed integer bilinear problems where each bilinearterm involves the product of a nonnegative integer variable and a nonnegative continuous variable. This reformulation is obtained by first replacing a general integer variable with its binary expansion and then using McCormick envelopes to linearize the resulting product of continuous and binary variables. We present the convex hull of the underlying mixed integer linear set. The effectiveness of this reformulation and associated facet-defining inequalities are computationally evaluated on five classes of instances. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The hull of a linear code \\(C\\) is the intersection of \\(C\\) with its dual code. We present and analyze the number of linear \\(q\\)-ary codes of the same length and dimension but with different dimensions for their hulls. We prove that for given dimension \\(k\\) and length \\(n\\ge 2k\\) the number of all \\([n,k]_q\\) linear codes with hull dimension \\(l\\) decreases as \\(l\\) increases. We also present classification results for binary and ternary linear codes with trivial hulls (LCD and self-orthogonal) for some values of the length \\(n\\) and dimension \\(k\\), comparing the obtained numbers with the number of all linear codes for the given \\(n\\) and \\(k\\).