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This study explores the determinants of ethnolinguistic diversity within as well as across countries, shedding light on its geographic origins. The empirical analysis conducted across countries, virtual countries, and pairs of contiguous regions establishes that geographic variability, captured by variation in regional land quality and elevation, is a fundamental determinant of contemporary linguistic diversity. The findings are consistent with the proposed hypothesis that differences in land endowments gave rise to location-specific human capital, leading to the formation of localized ethnicities.

We explore how improvisational (improv) theater can be used to illuminate the everyday performance of regional identity. This can help manage reactivity-related and counter-performative effects during qualitative research. By utilizing improv theater as a performative qualitative method, we highlight its analytical potential. We identify methodological gaps in existing qualitative research and human geography studies, and we propose a methodological framework for integrating improvisational theater into research practice. Participants of improv theater-workshops draw on personal and collective experiences rooted in their personal backgrounds to evoke emotions related to their home regions. By engaging in spontaneous and unscripted performances, individuals express nuanced perceptions of regional identity that may elude traditional qualitative approaches. Ultimately, we illuminate the complex interplay between individuals and the transformative potential of improvisational theater.

Large shareholders may play an important role for firm performance and policies, but identifying this empirically presents a challenge due to the endogeneity of ownership structures. We develop and test an empirical framework that allows us to separate selection from treatment effects of large shareholders. Individual blockholders tend to hold blocks in public firms located close to where they reside. Using this empirical observation, we develop an instrument (the density of wealthy individuals near a firm’s headquarters) for the presence of large, nonmanagerial individual shareholders in firms. These shareholders have a large impact on firms, controlling for selection effects.

This commentary reflects critically on two key challenges of human geographical research - the relationship between academic mobility and international knowledge transfer, and the limitations and opportunities of bi- and multilingualism. Based on a historiographic and (auto)biographic approach, I develop a multidimensional concept of mobility and knowledge transfer between hegemonic and non-hegemonic contexts, and argue that national academic communities remain important in human geography because of different path-dependencies, languages, and time restrictions. Dieser Kommentar reflektiert kritisch zwei Herausforderungen humangeographischer Forschung - das Verhältnis von akademischer Mobilität und internationalem Wissenstransfer sowie die Einschränkungen und Möglichkeiten von Zwei- und Mehrsprachigkeit. Aufbauend auf einem historiographischen und (auto)biographischen Ansatz wird ein multidimensionales Konzept entwickelt, das Mobilität und Wissenstransfer zwischen hegemonischen und nicht-hegemonischen Kontexten betrachtet, und argumentiert, dass nationale Wissenschaftsgemeinschaften in der Humangeographie aufgrund verschiedener Pfadabhängigkeiten, Sprachen und Zeitbeschränkungen weiterhin bedeutend sind.

Do private and philanthropic solutions to the problems of education signal the end of state education in itswelfare form?Education policy is being reformed and re-worked on a global scale. Policies are flowing and converging to produce a singular vision ofbest practice based on the methods and tenets of theneo-liberal imaginary. Philanthro

The division of America into red states and blue states misleadingly suggests that states are split into two camps, but along most dimensions, like political orientation, states are on a continuum. By historical standards, the number of swing states is not particularly low, and America's cultural divisions are not increasing. But despite the flaws of the red state/blue state framework, it does contain two profound truths. First, the heterogeneity of beliefs and attitudes across the United States is enormous and has always been so. Second, political divisions are becoming increasingly religious and cultural. The rise of religious politics is not without precedent, but rather returns us to the pre–New Deal norm. Religious political divisions are so common because religious groups provide politicians the opportunity to send targeted messages that excite their base.

I investigate the consequences of long-run persistence of a society's preferences for cultural goods. Historical cultural activity is approximated with the frequency of births of music composers during the Renaissance and is linked with contemporary measures of cultural activity in Italian provinces. Areas with a 1% higher number of composer births nowadays show an up to 0.29% higher supply of classical concerts and 0.16% more opera performances. Classical concerts and opera performances have also rather bigger audiences and obtain greater revenues in provinces that have been culturally active in the past. Today, those provinces also exhibit a somewhat lower supply of other forms of entertainment (e.g., sport events), thereby implying a tantalizing divergence in societies' cultural preferences that is attributable to events rooted in the past. It is also shown that the geography of composer births is remarkably persistent over a period of seven centuries.

Im Vordergrund dieses Artikels stehen die jüdische Indologin Betty Heimann und ihre wissenschaftliche Methode, die sie selbst als „anthropo-geographischen“ Standpunkt bezeichnete. Vorangestellt werden eine Erörterung damaliger eurozentristischer Deutungen, eine biographische Skizze und eine Rekonstruktion ihrer wissenschaftlichen Karriere. Als Quellengrundlage dienen die Publikationen Heimanns. Außerdem werden Rezensionen und Gutachten herangezogen, um ihre Rolle und ihren Einfluss im Kontext der Indologie zu beurteilen. Darüber hinaus wird die Entwicklung der Anthropogeographie vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung der Adaption der Anthropogeographie in der Indologie ist bisher nicht erforscht. Trotz ihres Geschlechtes und ihrer Religion beschritt Heimann als erste Frau mit einer Habilitation und Venia Legendi in den 1920er-Jahren eine wissenschaftliche Karriere an der Universität Halle-Wittenberg und später an den Universitäten in London und Colombo, Sri Lanka. Schlüsselwörter: Indische Philosophie, Humangeographie, Eurozentrismus, Antisemitismus, Intersektionalität, Wissenschaftsgeschichte / A pioneer on the road to understanding Indian philosophy beyond Eurocentric interpretations? Summary: The Jewish Indologist Betty Heimann (1888–1961) and anthropogeography This article focuses on the Jewish Indologist Betty Heimann and her scientific method, which she herself described as an “anthropogeographical” point of view. This is preceded by a discussion of Eurocentric interpretations at the time, a biographical sketch and a reconstruction of her academic career. I draw on Heimann‘s publications as my source. Reviews and expert opinions also provide a basis for assessing her role and influence in the context of Indology. The development of anthropogeography is also presented. The adaptation of anthropogeography in Indology has not yet been researched. Despite experiencing discrimination due to her gender and religion, she was the first woman to pursue an academic career in the 1920s at the University of Halle-Wittenberg and subsequently at the University of London and the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.. Keywords: Indian philosophy, human geography, Eurocentrism, anti-Semitism, intersectionality, history of science

Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations--determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce.From Neighborhoods to Nationssynthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, Yannis Ioannides explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and he shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. The book makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, Ioannides shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain communities' composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. The author examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. Ioannides provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and he argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth,From Neighborhoods to Nationscarries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.

Auf der Grundlage persönlicher Erfahrungen als Humangeograph in drei Ländern wird in diesem Beitrag auf zwei Themenfelder eingegangen: Erstens auf neuere Entwicklungen bei der Neoliberalisierung von Hochschulen und zweitens auf die Rolle der kritischen Kultur- und Sozialtheorie besonders in Verbindung mit “Diversitätspolitik” - sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der akademischen Welt. Zum ersten Themenfeld wird argumentiert, dass ein differenzierter Blick erforderlich ist, um erkennen zu können, welche positiven und negativen Möglichkeiten für die Zukunft offenstehen. Im zweiten Themenfeld wird eine kraftvolle Verteidigung der diversitätsfördernden Hochschulpolitik angemahnt - vor allem vor dem Hintergrund des “liberal backlash”, in dessen Rahmen der Nexus von Diversitätspolitik und Kulturtheorie für den Erfolg von Trump und Brexit mitverantwortlich gemacht wurde. Für beide Themenfelder gilt es, die Legitimität und den Wert kritischer Theorie geltend zu machen. Personal experiences gained while working as a human geographer in three countries form the basis for reflections on two key areas: recent developments in the ongoing neoliberalization of higher education, and the place of critical cultural and social theory, especially as connected with newly controversial ‘diversity politics’, both inside and outside the academy. In the first case, a differentiated view of the various forms taken by educational neoliberalization is recommended, both for understanding what has happened and for discerning possibilities for an exit from further neoliberal “flailing and failing forward” (Peck, Theodore and Brenner 2012, 274). Secondly, the ‘liberal backlash’, promoted in part by academics, that blames such upheavals as Brexit and the election of Trump in part upon diversity politics and the academic cultural theory with which it is often associated, is identified as a major challenge. Academics must be active in confronting the distorted representations and harmful intellectual politics emanating from this backlash. Across both areas discussed, a vigorous defense of the value and legitimacy of critical social and cultural theory is needed.