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Hortus medicus wrocławskiego lekarza, humanisty oraz kolekcjonera Laurentiusa Scholza (1552–1598) i jego padewskie parantele
The most famous garden in Wrocław, belonging to the doctor, humanist and collector Laurentius Scholz, has so far been described as divided functionally and formally into two, almost independent parts: a recreational and representative part (also serving as a place to pursue collecting passions and at the same time decorative) and a utilitarian part. – medicinal. The vast majority of flowering plants, especially rare ones at that time, were attributed to the former, while about 100 belonging to the group of herbs were attributed to the latter. Recent analyzes led to the conclusion that almost all (except seven of the total group of 240 species cultivated in Scholz’s garden) had medicinal properties. Therefore, the entire garden, also in its part perceived as flowery, served as hortus medicus. The research also confirmed numerous connections between the Wrocław site and one of the oldest botanical gardens in Europe – Hortus medicus Pataviani (i.e. the Botanical Garden in Padua).
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Re-Thinking Management: Insights from Western Classical Humanism
A variety of theories of management and organizational studies have failed to consider the human being in his or her integrity and, thus, fall short of being humanistic. This article seeks to contribute to the recovery of a more complete view of the human being in management, learning from classical humanism developed throughout Western Civilization, from the Greek and Roman Philosophers and the Judeo-Christian legacy to the Renaissance. More specifically, it discusses several relevant aspects of this Classical humanism, which can aid in re-thinking management. These include a realistic epistemology and metaphysics, and the human being as a whole (endowed with intrinsic dignity and called to growth). Classical humanism also entails the consideration of the human action as a unity with both internal and external dimensions, ethics understood as a guide for good life, society viewed as a community of people, and being open to beauty and transcendence.
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Man is the Measure of All Things
The term Man, and the humanist tradition which followed from it, have been challenged in feminist, queer, poststructuralist, and postcolonial critiques, which questioned its nature, or even pondered if we are actually human. What we seek in this issue of Footprint is to add to these perspectives cases of what we call radical conditioning, in which some architectures bypass assumed values of humanism and operate under a wholly different set of values, emanating from industrial and post-industrial economies and its technological developments. These architectures dictate the creation of spaces in which the human body has to operate, and to which it needs to adapt in order to survive. The research articles and visual essays included in this issue shed light on the many ways architects, advertently or inadvertently, coalesce with forces intending to condition humans. Unfolding in the study of histories, architectural types, aesthetics, atmospheres, systems, and users, authors propose inquiries along two main directions: the first trajectory highlights the prolific use in spatial design of concepts borrowed from cybernetics and information technology for the conditioning of human behavior through the built environment; the second deals with architecture conditioning the creation of new subjectivities, placing the body as the territory of intervention. Understanding these spaces, in which humans and their artifacts interact in unprecedented ways, could provide architecture with the timely opportunity to challenge our anticipated redundancy, and reconsider its own humanism in order to charge it with new meanings.
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Legacies of Anti-Humanism
This special issue presents a selection of scientific articles based on contributions from the conference Legacies of Anti-Humanism, which took place at the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana in December 2024. The general idea of the conference – that theory in the humanities lags behind technical reality, which is becoming increasingly intelligent and cultural, and thus not only the object but also increasingly the subject of theory – has been forming for some time, more precisely since the victory of the artificial intelligence system Alpha Go over Lee Sedol in the game of Go in 2016 and, even more emphatically, the arrival of large language models into mass use with Chat GPT at the end of 2022. The reaction of what we used to call (critical) theory to the first was to shift the criteria for intelligence — “we know well that artificial intelligence won at Go ... but all the same Go is just a game and does not require real intelligence” – while the reaction to the second was “we know well that artificial intelligence is capable of competently using natural language freely ... but all the same it does so without real understanding, as it has no genuine experience of the real world, so it is just a stochastic parrot”. These and similar reactions cannot be eliminated by a single conference or a single journal special issue, but the purpose of both is and remains more modest: to start working on an intellectual space that would enable a more curious, inclusive and playful attitude towards contemporary intelligent technologies.
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50 Years Ago/100 Years Ago
By Elizabeth S. Chesser - Miss Chesser has to be commended for having treated a wide subject in such a sound, common-sense and practical manner as will make the book appeal to every class of reader, both lay and medical.
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