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"Humanities, Multidisciplinary"
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Composition, creative writing studies, and the digital humanities
\"In an era of blurred generic boundaries, multimedia storytelling, and open-source culture, creative writing scholars stand poised to consider the role that technology-and the creative writer's playful engagement with technology-has occupied in the evolution of its theory and practice. Composition, Creative Writing Studies and the Digital Humanities is the first book to bring these three fields together to open up new opportunities and directions for creative writing studies. Placing the rise of Creative Writing Studies alongside the rise of the digital humanities in Composition/Rhetoric, Adam Koehler shows that the use of new media and its attendant re-evaluation of fundamental assumptions in the field stands to guide Creative Writing Studies into a new era. Covering current developments in composition and the digital humanities, this book re-examines established assumptions about process, genre, authority/authorship and pedagogical practice in the creative writing classroom.\" -- Back cover.
Book
Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education
This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on loss in decision-making, laziness, and privacy concerns among university students in Pakistan and China. Like other sectors, education also adopts AI technologies to address modern-day challenges. AI investment will grow to USD 253.82 million from 2021 to 2025. However, worryingly, researchers and institutions across the globe are praising the positive role of AI but ignoring its concerns. This study is based on qualitative methodology using PLS-Smart for the data analysis. Primary data was collected from 285 students from different universities in Pakistan and China. The purposive Sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the population. The data analysis findings show that AI significantly impacts the loss of human decision-making and makes humans lazy. It also impacts security and privacy. The findings show that 68.9% of laziness in humans, 68.6% in personal privacy and security issues, and 27.7% in the loss of decision-making are due to the impact of artificial intelligence in Pakistani and Chinese society. From this, it was observed that human laziness is the most affected area due to AI. However, this study argues that significant preventive measures are necessary before implementing AI technology in education. Accepting AI without addressing the major human concerns would be like summoning the devils. Concentrating on justified designing and deploying and using AI for education is recommended to address the issue.
Journal Article
Trust in AI: progress, challenges, and future directions
The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our daily lives through various applications, services, and products highlights the significance of trust and distrust in AI from a user perspective. AI-driven systems have significantly diffused into various aspects of our lives, serving as beneficial “tools” used by human agents. These systems are also evolving to act as co-assistants or semi-agents in specific domains, potentially influencing human thought, decision-making, and agency. Trust and distrust in AI serve as regulators and could significantly control the level of this diffusion, as trust can increase, and distrust may reduce the rate of adoption of AI. Recently, a variety of studies focused on the different dimensions of trust and distrust in AI and its relevant considerations. In this systematic literature review, after conceptualizing trust in the current AI literature, we will investigate trust in different types of human–machine interaction and its impact on technology acceptance in different domains. Additionally, we propose a taxonomy of technical (i.e., safety, accuracy, robustness) and non-technical axiological (i.e., ethical, legal, and mixed) trustworthiness metrics, along with some trustworthy measurements. Moreover, we examine major trust-breakers in AI (e.g., autonomy and dignity threats) and trustmakers; and propose some future directions and probable solutions for the transition to a trustworthy AI.
Journal Article
The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effects on Conviviality and Social Inequalities: A Comparative Study in Latin America
In 2021, Mecila (Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America)1 began an international investigation to explore the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in three large urban agglomerates in Europe and Latin America: Berlin, Buenos Aires, and Mexico City. Later, this comparative research expanded its scope, adding to the analysis the cities of Asunción, Ciudad del Este and Encarnación, in Paraguay.3 In this case, besides the largest city in the country, Asunción, it was decided to investigate the second and third largest cities, Encarnación and Ciudad del Este, due to their status as border cities, in which cross-border circulation, before the pandemic, was central to the daily life, economic activities — especially those in the informal sector —, and the provision of medical care.
Journal Article
Paid Work and Care Work in Mexico City: the Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Social Inequalities and Conviviality
We analyzed the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on social inequalities and conviviality practices in paid work and care work areas in Mexico City. Through an original research and focus groups, we studied the differences between men and women and between women with different characteristics. Our main contribution is that the pandemic has deepened the gaps between groups of women to the detriment of disadvantaged ones who tend to have fewer material and symbolic resources to (re)negotiate convivial configurations inside and outside the home.
Journal Article
Corrigendum - The alignment of projects dealing with wetland restoration and alien control: A challenge for conservation management in South Africa
Errors that appear in the Discussion of the Research Article by Sieben et al. are corrected here. Dr Graham Harding (Registered PCO, Invader Plant Specialists (Pty) Ltd) is acknowledged for drawing the authors' attention to these errors. Page 4, right column, section '(1) The choice of herbicides', paragraph 1, lines 10-12: “Additionally, the pesticides that are used must be registered for use in aquatic environments by the Australian Pesticides & Veterinary Medicines Authority.” SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH: “Additionally, the pesticides used should be registered and approved in the country of the intended use; in South Africa, this use is regulated under Act No. 36 of 1947.” Page 4, right column, section '(1) The choice of herbicides', paragraph 3, lines 1-2: “Currently in South Africa there are no registered herbicides for use to control Paspalum dilatatum in terrestrial wetlands.” SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH:
Journal Article
Curricular guidelines and citizenship attitudes in Latin American students: a comparative analysis
(analytical): Curricular guidelines have become progressively relevant for educating future active citizens. In such a context, it becomes crucial to explore the relationship between the curricular guidelines and how citizenship education is currently acquired by students in Latin American countries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to comparatively evaluate the institutional view of citizenship expressed in each curriculum and students’ attitudes on civic issues. The exploratory factor analysis and curricular descriptive statistical analysis are based in two valuable and complementary sources, respectively: The Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) and the Regional System of Citizenship Skills (Sredecc). By making a systematic comparison of both sources, this study reveals that several curricular aspects are consistent with students’ citizenship attitudes and beliefs, and suggests some guidelines for improving and expanding citizenship education in Latin America, considering the importance of education for the formation of an active citizenship.
Journal Article
Youth and neighborhood effect in Southern European cities: some pending issues to analyze
This is a theoretical paper, which presents a systematic and critical review of different authors about the neighborhood effect and the State's role in the life paths of young people and introduces reflections, contributions and nuances that have emerged from an empirical work, with the intention of advancing the conceptual reflection of phenomena such as neighborhood effect and processes of youth social exclusion on the outskirts of the city. The methodology chosen is the comparative case study among four working class neighborhoods in the periphery of Barcelona and Milan. Finally, main conclusions are: previous researches about neighbourhood effect have ascribed other elements to the neighbourhood leading to social exclusion, even when they are not created by neighbourhood itself, but they are the result of extra-territorial and extra-local processes.
Journal Article
Growth rates of modern science: a latent piecewise growth curve approach to model publication numbers from established and new literature databases
Growth of science is a prevalent issue in science of science studies. In recent years, two new bibliographic databases have been introduced, which can be used to study growth processes in science from centuries back: Dimensions from Digital Science and Microsoft Academic. In this study, we used publication data from these new databases and added publication data from two established databases (Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics and Scopus from Elsevier) to investigate scientific growth processes from the beginning of the modern science system until today. We estimated regression models that included simultaneously the publication counts from the four databases. The results of the unrestricted growth of science calculations show that the overall growth rate amounts to 4.10% with a doubling time of 17.3 years. As the comparison of various segmented regression models in the current study revealed, models with four or five segments fit the publication data best. We demonstrated that these segments with different growth rates can be interpreted very well, since they are related to either phases of economic (e.g., industrialization) and/or political developments (e.g., Second World War). In this study, we additionally analyzed scientific growth in two broad fields (Physical and Technical Sciences as well as Life Sciences) and the relationship of scientific and economic growth in UK. The comparison between the two fields revealed only slight differences. The comparison of the British economic and scientific growth rates showed that the economic growth rate is slightly lower than the scientific growth rate.
Journal Article