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Environmental management for collections : alternative conservation strategies for hot and humid climates
\"A practical guide to the conservation of museum and other cultural heritage collections in hot and humid climates\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
0953 A Novel Active Humidifier for Non-Invasive Ventilated Patients
Introduction The RespirAq® humidifier is a novel, active heated humidifier that humidifies without the need for additional water. Within milliseconds, the humidifier switches between a super-hydrophilic state to capture moisture during expiration, and a super-hydrophobic state, returning moisture during inspiration. The device delivers gases at 37°C/100% relative humidity to individuals requiring humidification, including those with tracheostomies. We demonstrated the device meets EN ISO 80601 2 74:2020 during bench testing. This study aimed to compare the performance of the novel humidifier with a heated humidifier - HH (MR850™ Fisher & Paykel Healthcare) and a heat and moisture exchanger - HME (DAR™ Covidien) in healthy volunteers during non-invasive ventilation (NIV) using a non-vented full face mask. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were recruited. NIV was performed at different settings (inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) range 5-20cmH20, expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) = 5cmH20) over a one-hour period. Humidity and temperature were collected continuously during the study. Results Sixty per cent of participants were female. Mean age of 35.6 ± 5.89 years (M±SD, n=10). Absolute humidity inside the face mask increased from 22.55 ± 2.41 mg/L without humidification to 30.18 ± 2.07 mg/L with an HME, and 39.09 ± 1.05 mg/L and 38.23 ± 1.78 mg/L when using a water-based heated humidifier and the novel humidifier, respectively. When comparing the performance of the humidification devices head-to-head, the two heated humidifiers significantly outperformed the HME (HME vs Novel = P < 0.0001, HME vs HH = p < 0.0001) and there was no significant difference seen between the two active humidifiers (p =0.2047). Conclusion Results show that the device meets the 12 mg/L absolute humidity established by the EN ISO 80601-2-74:2020 standards and that there is no significant difference in performance compared to traditional heated humidification. This suggests that the novel device can deliver the performance of a heater humidifier at the size, reliability and ease of use of a heat and moisture exchanger. Due to the mechanism of action, droplet/aerosol transmission of COVID-19 may also be mitigated. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Support (if any) This research was supported by Tier 2 KiwiNet funding.
Journal Article
Influence of Incubation Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Egg Hatchability Pattern of Two-Spotted Crickets
Simple Summary: Cricket farming requires high proportions of nymph hatching and a shorter period from incubation to hatching to increase productivity and lower production costs, resulting in optimized conditions and productivity. Two-spotted (Gryllus bimaculatus) and house (Acheta domesticus) crickets are two important cricket types in domesticated and industrial production. When the eggs of the two cricket types were subjected to a low to high incubation temperature (23–33 °C) with a constant relative humidity (RH) of 70%, the two-spotted crickets exhibited faster hatching (emergence) than the house crickets. Additionally, the onset of hatching decreased with higher incubation temperatures for both types of crickets. Afterward, RH levels varied during egg incubation. It was found that an optimum incubation temperature of 31 °C and 70% RH produced a hatching rate of about 80% and 6 days for the start of hatching for two-spotted crickets, while an optimum incubation temperature of 30 °C and 65–75% RH provided a daily peak hatching rate of about 66% and 12 days for the start of hatching for house crickets. Further studies are required to better clarify the conditions that may influence hatchability and productivity. This study aimed to determine the influence and optimal conditions of incubation temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the egg hatchability patterns of two-spotted (Gryllus bimaculatus) and house (Acheta domesticus) crickets. Experiment I involved 100 cricket eggs per hatching box for each species, with six replications for each controlled incubation temperature of 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33 °C at 70% RH. Experiment II used all the same procedures as Experiment I, except for incubation temperatures of 29, 30, 31, and 32 °C tested with varied RH levels of 65%, 70%, and 75%. In Experiment I, two-spotted crickets (9.47 ± 1.99 days) exhibited faster hatching than house crickets (13.70 ± 2.78 days). Additionally, the onset of hatching decreased with higher incubation temperatures for both types of crickets. In Experiment II, an incubation temperature of 31 °C and 70% RH resulted in a hatching rate of 79.75% for two-spotted crickets, with hatching beginning in 6 days. For house cricket eggs, the optimal conditions of 30 °C and 65–75% RH led to a peak daily hatching rate of 62.00–65.50% and hatching onset in 12 days. Thus, this study established the optimal incubation temperature and RH for egg hatching of two-spotted and house crickets.
Journal Article
Humidity relief is around the corner for these states
For 270 million people across the United States, humidity for the month of July has been extreme. Here is when to expect some relief.
Streaming Video
Laboratory Studies of Questing Behavior in Colonized Nymphal Amblyomma maculatumTicks
Environmental factors affect host-seeking behavior in ticks. In this study, 80 nymphal Amblyomma maculatum Koch were released in an observation arena containing four different heights of broom sedge stems (Andropogon virginicus L.) anchored in sand. Observations were made over three days as to proportion of ticks questing, questing height, and stem height distributionThis scenario was replicated three times with different cohorts of ticks (n = 80 per replicate) for each of three treatment combinations of temperature and humidity: High temperature/high humidity (HTHH), high temperature/low humidity (HTLH), and low temperature/high humidity (LTHH). A fourth treatment utilizing the same size cohort and number of replicates included Wind (HTHHW+/-) by alternating days of wind and no-wind conditions over four days. Mean questing height for ticks under HTHH, HTLH, and LTHH conditions ranged from 4.45 to 6.03 cm with ticks questing significantly higher in HTHH. A significantly lower proportion ticks quested in HTLH (8.64%) than HTHH (14.06%) and LTHH (15.33%). In HTHH and LTHH, a significantly higher proportion of ticks were observed questing on 5-cm stems. Wind significantly reduced average questing height, and when absent, ticks on 20- and 30-cm stems quested significantly higher. These data indicate that A. macuatum nymphs randomly select stems to quest upon and climb upward until environmental conditions are prohibitive/ideal. Conditions with reduced vapor pressure deficit (VPD) led to higher questing frequency and height. Relatively low questing heights observed correspond with size of preferred hosts and may explain infrequency of collection by dragcloth in the field.
Journal Article
‘Heat dome’ brings brutal temperatures, humidity millions
High temperatures and tropical humidity put millions at risk of overheating across the Midwest and Eastern U.S.
Streaming Video
Naive Bayes for Smart Building Management: Predicting Workspace Occupancy
Occupancy detection plays a crucial role in building management, by improving living conditions and optimizing energy efficiency. So, our paper is a part of this perspective and is divided into two parts. Initially, we delve into the significance of detecting occupancy in buildings, emphasizing its positive impact on human well-being and productivity. Subsequently, the second section is dedicated on using the Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) to predict occupancy in an office room using variables like temperature, humidity, humidity ratio, light, and CO 2 level. This approach demonstrates an impressive accuracy of 97.7%, underscoring the efficacy and the effectivness of this probabilistic classifier in managing building occupancy.
Journal Article
An Experimental Study on Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Concentrations of CO and COsub.2 during Different Cooking Procedures
In order to explore the indoor air quality during different cooking procedures, a very common kitchen in China is selected for experimental research. An indoor air quality meter is used to measure the temperature, relative humidity, and CO and CO[sub.2] concentrations of the indoor air above the stove when people cook four different dishes under different ventilation patterns in the kitchen. The results indicate that the heat and gas consumed during cooking are closely related to the temperature and concentrations of CO and CO[sub.2]. Some cooking procedures such as boiling water are related to the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in the kitchen. In addition, in kitchens without mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation shows a more significant positive effect on controlling temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of CO and CO[sub.2] during cooking procedures.
Journal Article
Observations on the habitat and feeding behaviour of the hypogean genus Eukoenenia in the Western Italian Alps
 The order Palpigradi includes species characterized by millimetric size and a characteristic flagellum with bristles at the end of the opisthosoma. They represent one of the less well-known and obscure arachnid orders. In this paper, observations were made on the ecology and feeding behavior of species belonging to the genus Eukoenenia Börner, 1901, from the Western Italian Alps. Direct observations and photographic documentation of 141 individuals in their cave habitat, allowed the recording of data on the physical and trophic conditions such as the presence/absence of trophic resources, temperature and relative humidity, of the underground environment in which they were found. Results showed that the species of this taxon are not as rare as previously reported and that their presence is mainly influenced by temperature, relative humidity, trophic resources and the presence of two speleothems: rimstone dams and rafts. The combination of our observations as well as data previously published highlights that the taxon can have predatory and saprophagous feeding behavior depending on the availability of the food resources. This work represents the starting point for a further investigation of the taxon. Keywords: Arachnida , microwhip scorpions, subterranean biology, caves
Journal Article