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"Humidity Control."
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Environmental management for collections : alternative conservation strategies for hot and humid climates
\"A practical guide to the conservation of museum and other cultural heritage collections in hot and humid climates\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Optimization of synthesis parameters from industrial waste recycling to eco-humidity control zeolite: discussion on response to indoor environment comfor
The objective in this study was to use sandblasting waste (SW) and liquid crystal display waste glass (LWG) in the synthesis of eco-humidity control zeolite (E-HCZ) for use in the construction industry. Synthesis involved alkali fusion and hydrothermal processing, wherein the processing parameters ((SiO2)/(Al2O3) molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction duration) were optimized using the reaction surface method in conjunction with Box–Behnken experiment design. An F value of 108.46 indicated the efficacy of the model. The important model terms included linear factors (A. (SiO2)/(Al2O3) molar ratio, B. reaction temperature, and C. reaction duration), square factors (A2, B2, and C2), and sympathetic factor AB. The model achieved a verification coefficient R2 of 0.9949, and the data obtained in experiments was consistent with the regression results. The adequacy of the regression model was confirmed by strong agreement between the predicted R2 (0.9149) and the adjusted R2 (0.9857), while the sufficiency of the signal was confirmed by a high signal-to-noise ratio (36.889). The results also indicate strong correspondence between actual vs. predicted probability plots. The high moisture adsorption capacity of the proposed zeolite (58.58 g/m2) demonstrates that LWG and SW can indeed be used to synthesize low-cost humidity control materials.
Journal Article
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Joint Optimization Control of Indoor Temperature and Relative Humidity in Office Buildings
Indoor temperature and relative humidity control in office buildings is crucial, which can affect thermal comfort, work efficiency, and even health of the occupants. In China, fan coil units (FCUs) are widely used as air-conditioning equipment in office buildings. Currently, conventional FCU control methods often ignore the impact of indoor relative humidity on building occupants by focusing only on indoor temperature as a single control object. This study used FCUs with a fresh-air system in an office building in Beijing as the research object and proposed a deep reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm to adjust the air supply volume for the FCUs. To improve the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity, the proposed RL algorithm adopted the deep Q-network algorithm. To train the RL algorithm, a detailed simulation environment model was established in the Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS), including a building model and FCUs with a fresh-air system model. The simulation environment model can interact with the RL agent in real time through a self-developed TRNSYS–Python co-simulation platform. The RL algorithm was trained, tested, and evaluated based on the simulation environment model. The results indicate that compared with the traditional on/off and rule-based controllers, the RL algorithm proposed in this study can increase the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity by 12.66% and 9.5%, respectively. This study provides preliminary direction for a deep reinforcement learning control strategy for indoor temperature and relative humidity in office building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.
Journal Article
Investigation into the Operating Performance of a Novel Direct Expansion-Based Air Conditioning System
This study introduces a novel direct expansion air conditioning (DX AC) system with three evaporators (DX-TE) to enhance indoor temperature and humidity control. Operating in two modes, the DX-TE system provides variable cooling output, adapting to fluctuating indoor cooling loads while maintaining uniform air supply. Experimental and simulation studies were conducted to investigate the system’s operational characteristics. An experimental setup was established to obtain preliminary steady-state data, followed by the development and validation of a steady-state mathematical model. Simulation studies were then performed to optimize the evaporator sizes. The results indicate that the DX-TE system delivers variable cooling capacities at a constant compressor speed and airflow rate, outperforming conventional variable frequency DX AC systems in cooling and dehumidification. The evaporator area ratio significantly impacts the system’s performance, with smaller ratios yielding a larger output range. As the area ratio increases from 1:1 to 1:3, the cooling capacity range in Modes 1 and 2 increases by 33.6% and 14.3%, respectively, while the dehumidification range expands by 58.6% and 51.69%.
Journal Article
Transforming Industrial Waste into Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials Using Alkali Fusion-Hydrothermal Method for Environmental Humidity Control Applications
This research utilizes the rich SiO
2
and Al
2
O
3
sources in light-emitting diode waste quartz sand (LEDWQS) and granite sludge (GS) through alkali fusion and hydrothermal method as the precursor of synthetic mesoporous humidity control material (MHCM). The effect of adding amine functional groups on the amine functionalized mesoporous humidity control material (AF/MHCM) was also discussed. The results show that the crystalline phase and surface composition of MHCM are consistent with typical MCM-41 characteristics. The specific surface area of AF/MHCM was 29.91m
2
/g. The results confirm that the amine functional groups have been effectively modified on the pore surface, and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of AF/MHCM has changed from type IV to type II. In addition, this study also proves that AF/MHCM has excellent humidity control performance, with a moisture adsorption–desorption performance of up to 63.36 g/m
2
, which is in line with the Japanese Industrial Standards for humidity control building materials (moisture adsorption–desorption performance > 29 g/m
2
). AF/MHCM synthesized by reused waste derived from the manufacturing process of electronic and electrical equipment as raw materials has excellent humidity control performance, and the result can be used as a smart indoor humidity control material in various construction applications.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Research on Relative Humidity and Energy Savings for Air-Conditioned Spaces without Humidity Control When Adopting Air-to-Air Total Heat Exchangers in Winter
In view of the problem that the exchange effectiveness is calculated according to a fixed value or only considering the influence of outdoor air parameters when analyzing the suitability of total heat recovery for plate heat recovery equipment in air-conditioned spaces without humidity control, the indoor humidity calculation model and moisture balance equation were established in this research to predict relative indoor humidity. Moreover, the relationship between total heat recovery, effective heat recovery, and the reduction in outdoor air heating load was analyzed using a psychrometric chart of the outdoor air treatment process. Referring to the standard for weather data of building energy efficiency in the Ningbo region, 6 typical days were taken as the calculation conditions. The moisture balance differential equation was solved using MATLAB software to obtain numerical solutions for the hourly indoor air humidity ratio, relative humidity, exchange effectiveness, and effective heat recovery when adopting an air-to-air total heat exchanger in an air-conditioned room of an office, classroom, or commercial building in the winter. The results indicate that, under the calculation conditions, the relative indoor humidity of commercial buildings is relatively high, making it unsuitable for a total heat exchanger. The relative humidity of indoor air in offices and classrooms can be maintained above 30%, and the total exchange effectiveness of a total heat exchanger is between 45% and 100%. The effective total heat recovery was calculated as sensible heat recovery under most calculation conditions.
Journal Article
Design and Experiment of Combined Infrared and Hot-Air Dryer Based on Temperature and Humidity Control with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
A drying device based on infrared radiation heating technology combined with temperature and humidity process control technology was created to increase the drying effectiveness and quality of sea buckthorn. Based on the conventional k-turbulence model, the velocity field in the air distribution chamber was simulated using COMSOL 6.0 software. The airflow of the drying medium in the air distribution chamber was investigated, and the accuracy of the model was verified. Given that the inlet of each drying layer in the original model had a different velocity, the velocity flow field was improved by including a semi-cylindrical spoiler. The results showed that installation of the spoiler improved the homogeneity of the flow field for various air intakes, as the highest velocity deviation ratio dropped from 26.68% to 0.88%. We found that sea buckthorn dried more rapidly after being humidified, reducing the drying time by 7.18% and increasing the effective diffusion coefficient from 1.12 × 10−8 to 1.23 × 10−8 m2/s. The L*, rehydration ratio, and vitamin C retention rate were greater after drying with humidification. By presenting this hot-air drying model as a potential high-efficiency and high-quality preservation technology for sea buckthorn, we hope to advance the development of research in the sea buckthorn drying sector.
Journal Article
Super hygroscopic nanofibrous membrane-based moisture pump for solar-driven indoor dehumidification
Desiccants play vital roles in dehumidification and atmospheric water harvesting; however, current desiccants have mediocre hygroscopicity, limited recyclability, and high energy consumption. Herein, we report a wood-inspired moisture pump based on electrospun nanofibrous membrane for solar-driven continuous indoor dehumidification. The developed moisture pump with multilayer wood-like cellular networks and interconnected open channels is composed of a desiccant layer and a photothermal layer. The desiccant layer exhibits an unprecedented moisture absorption capacity of 3.01 g g
−1
at 90% relative humidity (RH), fast moisture absorption and transport rates, enabling atmospheric water harvesting. The photothermal layer shows a high solar absorption of 93%, efficient solar thermal conversion, and good moisture permeability, thus promoting water evaporation. The moisture pump efficiently reduces the indoor relative humidity to a comfort level (40‒60% RH) under one-sun illumination. This work opens the way to develop new-generation, high-performance nanofibrous membrane-based desiccants for energy-efficient humidity control and atmospheric water harvesting.
Desiccants are important for dehumidification, but application is hindered by limited hygroscopicity, recyclability, and energy efficiency. Here, the authors report a moisture pump comprised of an electrospun nanofibrous memebrane for solar-driven continuous indoor dehumidification.
Journal Article
A Low-Cost Humidity Control System to Protect Microscopes in a Tropical Climate
A clean and functional microscope is necessary for accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases. In tropical climates, high humidity levels and improper storage conditions allow for the accumulation of debris and fungus on the optical components of diagnostic equipment, such as microscopes.
Our objective was to develop and implement a low-cost, sustainable, easy to manage, low-maintenance, passive humidity control chamber to both reduce debris accumulation and microbial growth onto the optical components of microscopes.
Constructed from easily-sourced and locally available materials, the cost of each humidity control chamber is approximately $2.35 USD. Relative humidity levels were recorded every 30 minutes over a period of 10 weeks from two chambers deployed at the Belize Vector and Ecology Center and the University of Belize.
The humidity control chamber deployed at the University of Belize maintained internal relative humidity at an average of 35.3% (SD = 4.2%) over 10 weeks, while the average external relative humidity was 86.4% (SD = 12.4%). The humidity control chamber deployed at the Belize Vector and Ecology Center effectively maintained internal relative humidity to an average of 54.5% (SD = 9.4%) over 10 weeks, while the average external relative humidity was 86.9% (SD = 12.9%).
Control of relative humidity is paramount for the sustainability of medical equipment in tropical climates. The humidity control chambers reduced relative humidity to levels that were not conducive for fungal growth while reducing microscope contamination from external sources. This will likely extend the service life of the microscopes while taking advantage of low-cost, locally sourced components.
Journal Article
Vitrification-enabled enhancement of proton conductivity in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are versatile materials with potential applications in proton conduction. Traditional approaches involve incorporating humidity control to address grain boundary challenges for proton conduction. This study finds vitrification as an alternative strategy to eliminate grain boundary effect in HOFs by rapidly melt quenching the kinetically stable
HOF-SXU-8
to glassy state
HOF-g
. Notably, a remarkable enhancement in proton conductivity without humidity was achieved after vitrification, from 1.31 × 10
−7
S cm
−1
to 5.62× 10
−2
S cm
−1
at 100 °C. Long term stability test showed negligible performance degradation, and even at 30 °C, the proton conductivity remained at high level of 1.2 × 10
−2
S cm
−1
. Molecule dynamics (MD) simulations and X-ray total scattering experiments reveal the
HOF-g
system is consisted of three kinds of clusters, i.e., 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid (1,5-NSA) anion clusters, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecule clusters, and H
+
-H
2
O clusters. In which, the H
+
plays an important role to bridge these clusters and the high conductivity is mainly related to the H
+
on H
3
O
+
. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing HOFs, enabling efficient proton conduction, and advancing energy conversion and storage devices.
Proton conduction is one of the interesting applications of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. Here, the authors report hydrogen-bonded organic framework that can be transformed into glassy state, effectively mitigating grain boundary effects, and significantly enhancing proton conduction performance.
Journal Article