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"Hybrid vehicles"
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Electric powertrain
The why, what and how of the electric vehicle powertrain Empowers engineering professionals and students with the knowledge and skills required to engineer electric vehicle powertrain architectures, energy storage systems, power electronics converters and electric drives.
eBook
A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicles in Energy Systems: Integration with Renewable Energy Sources, Charging Levels, Different Types, and Standards
Due to the rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs), they are expected to be one of the main contributors to transportation. The increasing use of fossil fuels as one of the most available energy sources has led to the emission of greenhouse gases, which will play a vital role in achieving a sustainable transportation system. Developed and developing countries have long-term plans and policies to use EVs instead of internal combustion vehicles and to use renewable energy to generate electricity, which increases the number of charging stations. Recently, to meet the charging demand for EVs, the main focus of researchers has been on smart charging solutions. In addition, maintaining power quality and peak demand for grids has become very difficult due to the widespread deployment of EVs as personal and commercial vehicles. This paper provides information on EV charging control that can be used to improve the design and implementation of charging station infrastructure. An in-depth analysis of EV types, global charging standards, and the architectures of AC-DC and DC-DC converters are covered in this review article. In addition, investigating the role of EV collectors, as well as EV penetration, in electric energy systems to facilitate the integration of electric energy systems with renewable energy sources is one of the main goals of this paper.
Journal Article
Predicting consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model
China is a major energy-consuming country and is under great pressure to improve its energy efficiency as well as reduce its carbon emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), as an energy-efficient transport innovation, have the potential to reduce gasoline consumption, carbon emissions and alleviate environmental problems. Diffusion of HEVs’ adoption is a significant initiative. A sample of 433 respondents has been collected in China to predict the customers’ intention to adopt HEVs, using an extended model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The empirical results show that the attitude toward HEVs, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (the three primary elements of the TPB model) and personal moral norm partially mediate the effect of consumers’ environmental concern on their intention to adopt HEVs. Consumers’ environmental concern affects the adoption intention indirectly and is significantly positively related to the attitude toward HEVs, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and personal moral norm, which in turn influence the adoption intention positively. The results confirm the appropriateness of the TPB model and verify that the extended TPB model has good explanatory power in predicting consumers’ intention to adopt HEVs. Based on the empirical results, we discuss the implications for promoting the adoption of HEVs and provide suggestions for future study.
Journal Article
Hybrid electric power train engineering and technology : modeling, control, and simulation
\"This book provides readers with an academic investigation into HEV power train design using mathematical modeling and simulation of various hybrid electric motors and control systems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Study and Analysis of the Integration of Energy Recovery Systems in Hybrid Vehicles
The recovery of thermal and kinetic energy dissipated during the operation of a vehicle is a current approach to increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact in the automotive sector. In the case of hybrid vehicles, where both the electric and thermal engines are used, the recovery of these lost energies can significantly contribute to improving autonomy and overall efficiency. This paper presents a study on the development of an energy recovery system for hybrid vehicles, by recovering the energies otherwise lost during operation. The proposed system integrates three distinct mechanisms, the recovery of thermal energy from brake discs and exhaust gases using thermoelectric generators (TEG), as well as the transformation of kinetic energy from the damping system into electrical energy through a recovery mechanism, which involves the use of the pressure generated during operation and its transformation into electrical energy, as the damper compresses and rebounds during vehicle motion, its internal pressure variations drive a linear or rotary generator mechanism. For thermal energy recovery, the system uses thermoelectric generators, which convert temperature gradients directly into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect. When installed on brake discs and exhaust pipes, these devices capture waste heat that would otherwise dissipate into the environment. The study examines optimal TEG placement, temperature values obtained, and cooling strategies to maximize energy conversion efficiency while maintaining component reliability under varying operating conditions. The generated energy will be stored in the vehicle’s batteries and used to power auxiliary systems, such as lighting, the infotainment system or other equipment that uses electrical energy. The study evaluates the efficiency potential of these systems, the impact on the vehicle’s autonomy with their integration into the existing vehicle system, with the aim of expanding the research area to other systems where there are energy losses in the future and also explore scaling possibilities for electric vehicles and heavy-duty transportation, where energy recovery could yield even greater benefits.
Journal Article
Electric and hybrid vehicles : technologies, modeling, and control : a mechatronic approach
\"An advanced level introductory book covering fundamental aspects, design and dynamics of electric and hybrid electric vehiclesThere is significant demand for an understanding of the fundamentals, technologies, and design of electric and hybrid electric vehicles and their components from researchers, engineers, and graduate students. Although there is a good body of work in the literature, there is still a great need for electric and hybrid vehicle teaching materials. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Technologies, Modeling and Control - A Mechatronic Approach is based on the authors' current research in vehicle systems and will include chapters on vehicle propulsion systems, the fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, EV and HEV technologies, chassis systems, steering control systems, and state, parameter and force estimations. The book is highly illustrated, and examples will be given throughout the book based on real applications and challenges in the automotive industry. Designed to help a new generation of engineers needing to master the principles of and further advances in hybrid vehicle technology Includes examples of real applications and challenges in the automotive industry with problems and solutions Takes a mechatronics approach to the study of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, appealing to mechanical and electrical engineering interests Responds to the increase in demand of universities offering courses in newer electric vehicle technologies \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Exhaust Emissions from Plug-in and HEV Vehicles in Type-Approval Tests and Real Driving Cycles
The amount of hybrid vehicles and their contribution have increased in the global market. They are a promising aspect for a decrease in emissions. Different tests are used to determine the factors of such emissions. The goal of the present study was to compare the emissions of two hybrid vehicles of the same manufacturer: the plug-in version and the HEV version (gasoline + electric engine). These vehicles were chosen because they comprise the largest market share of hybrid cars in Poland. The exhaust emission tests were conducted in the WLTC tests on a chassis dynamometer and under real traffic conditions. Simultaneous testing on a dyno and under real driving is the most adequate test to assess the environmental aspects of vehicles—especially hybrids. The combustion engines of the tested vehicles were supplied with gasoline containing 5% biocomponents. The emissions, including CO2, CO, NOx, THC and PNs, were measured in accordance with the European Union procedure. According to the latter, the resistance to motion of the chassis dyno was adjusted to the road load, allowing the hybrid vehicles to move in electric mode and allowing the dynamometer to operate in energy recovery mode. The obtained emissions of CO2, CO, NOx and THC in the case of the plug-in hybrid vehicle were lower by 3%, 2%, 25%, and 13%, respectively, compared to the case of HEV. Fuel consumption in the case of the plug-in hybrid vehicle was lower by 3%, and PN was lower by 10% compared to the case of HEV (WLTC). In real driving conditions, the differences were more pronounced in favour of the plug-in vehicle: CO2 emissions in the RDE test were 30% lower, NOx emissions were 50% lower, and PN was 10% lower. An increase in emissions was only observed for CO2 emissions—the plug-in vehicle’s on-road emissions were 6% higher compared to the HEV. The obtained emissions for FC and PN varied with actual velocity values due to competitive driving between a combustion engine and an electric motor, as well as existing acceleration and deceleration events during the test and other factors.
Journal Article