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Handbook of hydraulics
Features the latest data and computational modeling techniques and clearly explains cutting-edge methods, processes, and technologies. You will get more than 80 dependable tables and graphs, sample equations, and real-world examples. This single source for on-the-job hydraulic engineering information will save time and ensure accuracy in performing hydraulic calculations.
Book
Animating the Divine: Water, Magic, and Knowledge in the Automata of Villa Pratolino
This film investigates the hydraulic automata of Medici Villa Pratolino, where water powered lifelike statues embodying Renaissance magical philosophies. Using Buontalenti’s designs and Vieri’s treatise, it shows how art, science, and spirituality merged, turning the villa into a space of Hermetic learning and metaphysical spectacle.
Streaming Video
Fluid mechanics, hydraulics, hydrology and water resources for civil engineers
One of the core areas of study in civil engineering concerns water that encompasses fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydrology. Fluid mechanics provide the mathematical and scientific basis for hydraulics and hydrology that also have added empirical and practical contents. The knowledge contained in these three subjects is necessary for the optimal and equitable management of this precious resource that is not always available when and where it is needed, sometimes with conflicting demands. The objective of Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers is to assimilate these core study areas into a single source of knowledge. The contents highlight the theory and applications supplemented with worked examples and also include comprehensive references for follow-up studies. The primary readership is civil engineering students who would normally go through these core subject areas sequentially spread over the duration of their studies. It is also a reference for practicing civil engineers in the water sector to refresh and update their skills.
Book
Entropy theory and its application in environmental and water engineering
Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering responds to the need for a book that deals with basic concepts of entropy theory from a hydrologic and water engineering perspective and then for a book that deals with applications of these concepts to a range of water engineering problems. The range of applications of entropy is constantly expanding and new areas finding a use for the theory are continually emerging. The applications of concepts and techniques vary across different subject areas and this book aims to relate them directly to practical problems of environmental and water engineering.
The book presents and explains the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy (POMCE) and their applications to different types of probability distributions. Spatial and inverse spatial entropy are important for urban planning and are presented with clarity. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and minimum cross entropy spectral analysis are powerful techniques for addressing a variety of problems faced by environmental and water scientists and engineers and are described here with illustrative examples.
Giving a thorough introduction to the use of entropy to measure the unpredictability in environmental and water systems this book will add an essential statistical method to the toolkit of postgraduates, researchers and academic hydrologists, water resource managers, environmental scientists and engineers. It will also offer a valuable resource for professionals in the same areas, governmental organizations, private companies as well as students in earth sciences, civil and agricultural engineering, and agricultural and rangeland sciences.
This book:
* Provides a thorough introduction to entropy for beginners and more experienced users
* Uses numerous examples to illustrate the applications of the theoretical principles
* Allows the reader to apply entropy theory to the solution of practical problems
* Assumes minimal existing mathematical knowledge
* Discusses the theory and its various aspects in both univariate and bivariate cases
* Covers newly expanding areas including neural networks from an entropy perspective and future developments.
eBook
Applied mathematics in hydraulic engineering : an introduction to nonlinear differential equations
This is a teaching guide and reference to treating nonlinear mathematical problems in hydraulic, hydrologic and coastal engineering.
Book
Declining root water transport drives stomatal closure in olive under moderate water stress
• Efficient water transport from soil to leaves sustains stomatal opening and steady-state photosynthesis. The aboveground portion of this pathway is well-described, yet the roots and their connection with the soil are still poorly understood due to technical limitations.
• Here we used a novel rehydration technique to investigate changes in the hydraulic pathway between roots and soil and within the plant body as individual olive plants were subjected to a range of water stresses.
• Whole root hydraulic resistance (including the radial pathway from xylem to the soil–root interface) constituted 81% of the whole-plant resistance in unstressed plants, increasing to >95% under a moderate level of water stress. The decline in this whole root hydraulic conductance occurred in parallel with stomatal closure and contributed significantly to the reduction in canopy conductance according to a hydraulic model.
• Our results demonstrate that losses in root hydraulic conductance, mainly due to a disconnection from the soil during moderate water stress in olive plants, are profound and sufficient to induce stomatal closure before cavitation occurs. Future studies will determine whether this core regulatory role of root hydraulics exists more generally among diverse plant species.
Journal Article
Tip-to-base xylem conduit widening as an adaptation
In the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water-conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating D ∝ Lb
, with b ≈ 0.2. Because conduit diameter is central for conductance, it is essential to understand the cause of this remarkably pervasive pattern. We give reason to suspect that tip-to-base conduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the increase in hydraulic resistance that would otherwise occur as an individual stem grows longer and conductive path length increases. Evidence consistent with adaptation includes optimality models that predict the 0.2 exponent. The fact that this prediction can be made with a simple model of a single capillary, omitting much biological detail, itself makes numerous important predictions, e.g. that pit resistance must scale isometrically with conduit resistance. The idea that tip-to-base conduit widening has a nonadaptive cause, with temperature, drought, or turgor limiting the conduit diameters that plants are able to produce, is less consistent with the data than an adaptive explanation. We identify empirical priorities for testing the cause of tip-to-base conduit widening and underscore the need to study plant hydraulic systems leaf to root as integrated wholes.
Journal Article
Modeling shallow water flows using the discontinuous Galerkin method
Replacing the Traditional Physical Model Approach. Computational models offer promise in improving the modeling of shallow water flows. As new techniques are considered, the process continues to change and evolve. Modeling Shallow Water Flows Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method examines a technique that focuses on hyperbolic conservation laws and includes one-dimensional and two-dimensional shallow water flows and pollutant transports. Combines the Advantages of Finite Volume and Finite Element Methods.
BOOK
Hydraulic Modelling – an Introduction
Modelling forms a vital part of all engineering design, yet many hydraulic engineers are not fully aware of the assumptions they make. These assumptions can have important consequences when choosing the best model to inform design decisions.
Considering the advantages and limitations of both physical and mathematical methods, this book will help you identify the most appropriate form of analysis for the hydraulic engineering application in question. All models require the knowledge of their background, good data and careful interpretation and so this book also provides guidance on the range of accuracy to be expected of the model simulations and how they should be related to the prototype.
Applications for models include:
Open channel systems;
Closed conduit flows;
Storm drainage systems;
Estuaries;
Coastal and nearshore structures;
Hydraulic structures.
An invaluable guide for students and professionals.
eBook