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Molecular hydrogen (H2) is potentially a novel therapeutic gas for acute post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients because it has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and antifatigue properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of H2 inhalation on the respiratory and physical fitness status of acute post-COVID-19 patients. This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study included 26 males (44 ± 17 years) and 24 females (38 ± 12 years), who performed a 6-min walking test (6 MWT) and pulmonary function test, specifically forced vital capacity (FVC) and expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Symptomatic participants were recruited between 21 and 33 days after a positive polymerase chain reaction test. The experiment consisted of H2/placebo inhalation, 2 × 60 min/day for 14 days. Results showed that H2 therapy, compared with placebo, significantly increased 6 MWT distance by 64 ± 39 m, FVC by 0.19 ± 0.24 L, and, in FEV1, by 0.11 ± 0.28 L (all p ≤ 0.025). In conclusion, H2 inhalation had beneficial health effects in terms of improved physical and respiratory function in acute post-COVID-19 patients. Therefore, H2 inhalation may represent a safe, effective approach for accelerating early function restoration in post-COVID-19 patients.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a condition characterized by complete or incomplete motor and sensory impairment, as well as dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, caused by factors such as trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Current treatment methods primarily include traditional approaches like spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, steroid pulse therapy, as well as newer techniques such as stem cell transplantation and brain-spinal cord interfaces. However, the above methods have limited efficacy in promoting axonal and neuronal regeneration. The challenge in medical research today lies in promoting spinal cord neuron regeneration and regulating the disrupted microenvironment of the spinal cord. Studies have shown that gas molecular therapy is increasingly used in medical research, with gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and hydrogen exhibiting neuroprotective effects in central nervous system diseases. The gas molecular protect against neuronal death and reshape the microenvironment of spinal cord injuries by regulating oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic processes. At present, gas therapy mainly relies on inhalation for systemic administration, which cannot effectively enrich and release gas in the spinal cord injury area, making it difficult to achieve the expected effects. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of nanocarriers to achieve targeted enrichment and precise control release of gas at Sites of injury has become one of the emerging research directions in SCI. It has shown promising therapeutic effects in preclinical studies and is expected to bring new hope and opportunities for the treatment of SCI. In this review, we will briefly outline the therapeutic effects and research progress of gasotransmitters and nanogas in the treatment of SCI. Graphical Abstract

Background and Objectives: Preliminary studies indicate that dihydrogen (H2) may affect molecular pathways involved in appetite regulation; however, its role in influencing patient-reported appetite outcomes in individuals with obesity remains uncertain. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial aimed to evaluate the effects of H2 supplementation on appetite, body composition, sleep quality, obesity-specific quality of life, and related biomarkers in obese men and women. Materials and Methods: The study included 36 participants (24 females; age 42.1 ± 13.2 years; BMI 30.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2) randomized to receive either 1.0 L of hydrogen-rich water (15 mg of H2) or 1.0 L of control water (0 mg of H2) daily for eight weeks. Results: The results demonstrated that hydrogen-rich water significantly mitigated cravings (p = 0.05), improved subjective sleep quality (p = 0.05), reduced total cholesterol (p = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.04), and increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels (p = 0.05) compared to the control. No severe adverse effects were reported throughout the trial. Conclusions: These findings suggest that hydrogen-rich water may serve as a safe and effective dietary strategy to address appetite regulation and related metabolic indices in individuals with obesity. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06722326).

Background Our previous randomized double-blind study showed that drinking hydrogen (H 2 ) water for 48 weeks significantly improved the total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients treated with levodopa. We aim to confirm this result using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multi-center trial. Methods Changes in the total UPDRS scores from baseline to the 8 th , 24 th , 48 th , and 72 nd weeks, and after the 8 th week, will be evaluated. The primary endpoint of the efficacy of this treatment in PD is the change in the total UPDRS score from baseline to the 72 nd week. The changes in UPDRS part II, UPDRS part III, each UPDRS score, PD Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), and the modified Hoehn and Yahr stage at these same time-points, as well as the duration until the protocol is finished because additional levodopa is required or until the disease progresses, will also be analyzed. Adverse events and screening laboratory studies will also be examined. Participants in the hydrogen water group will drink 1000 mL/day of H 2 water, and those in the placebo water group will drink normal water. One-hundred-and-seventy-eight participants with PD (89 women, 89 men; mean age: 64.2 [SD 9.2] years, total UPDRS: 23.7 [11.8], with levodopa medication: 154 participants, without levodopa medication: 24 participants; daily levodopa dose: 344.1 [202.8] mg, total levodopa equivalent dose: 592.0 [317.6] mg) were enrolled in 14 hospitals and were randomized. Discussion This study will confirm whether H 2 water can improve PD symptoms. Trial registration UMIN000010014 (February, 13, 2013)

Aim This study aimed to compare the efficacy of mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine, essential oil, and hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes in reducing bacterial infection in aerosols produced during dental scaling. Materials and methods Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to four groups. Ten minutes before treatment, participants rinsed for 1 min with 10 mL of either chlorhexidine, essential oil, hydrogen peroxide, or water. Blood agar plates were used to collect aerosols during the scaling procedure, with plates placed at the patient’s chest, dentist’s chest, and assistant’s chest. Plates were exposed for 30 min during and after treatment, incubated at 37 °C for 48 h, and the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was counted and analyzed using SPSS-24 software. Results The mean age of participants was 35.01 years, with 57.5% female and 42.5% male. A statistically significant difference was observed in the number of bacterial colonies on the patient’s chest plates (882.56 CFUs), dentist’s chest (99.84 CFUs), and assistant’s chest (48.49 CFUs) (p value < 0.001). Chlorhexidine mouthwash significantly reduced bacterial growth compared to the other groups. Conclusion Rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash before dental treatment effectively reduces bacterial contamination in aerosols, thereby lowering the risk of infection for dental personnel and patients. Clinical trial number Not applicable

The clinical efficacy regarding bleaching sensitivity and tooth shade lightening using a standard hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) bleaching gel was compared with the additional use of ozone either before or after application of H 2 O 2 . Using computer-generated tables, 45 participants were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15 each) in this investigator-driven, single-centre trial. In Group 1, upper anterior teeth were bleached using ozone (produced via a healOzone X4 device) for 60 seconds, then 38% H 2 O 2 for 20 minutes; in Group 2, 38% H 2 O 2 application (20 min) was followed by ozone (60 s); air produced by the healOzone machine (60 s) followed by 38% H 2 O 2 (20 min) was used in Group 3 (control). Bleaching sensitivity was evaluated via visual analogue scales, and a treatment-blinded reader objectively recorded tooth shades using a colorimeter before and 24 hours after bleaching (at α = 0.05). The H 2 O 2 /ozone combination did not result in pain sensations, while both ozone/H 2 O 2 and H 2 O 2 alone increased bleaching sensitivity (p < 0.001). Teeth achieved lighter shades (higher L*/lower b* values) after bleaching in all groups (p < 0.001), while Ozone boosted lighter tooth shades, irrespective of its use before or after H 2 O 2 (p < 0.05). Due to the complimentary effects, applying ozone after H 2 O 2 seems preferable for bleaching.

Objective This study compares the effects of Nanosil ® mouthwash, a multi-component formulation containing hydrogen peroxide, silver ions, eugenol, and menthol and chlorhexidine on healing, pain, and complications following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Impacted mandibular third molars extraction, often accompanied by complications like pain, dry socket, swelling, trismus, and infection. Mouthwashes are used to reduce infection risk and promote healing by eliminating oral microorganisms. Methodology : This double-blind, randomized clinical trial involved 62 patients (aged 18–50 years) with Pell and Gregory A and B impacted third molars. Participants were allocated to two groups: 15 cc of Nanosil ® mouthwash and 250 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (Najo ® ) before and after surgery. Pain was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), swelling was measured on days 1, 3, and 7, and wound healing was evaluated. Data were analyzed using t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Results Healing on day 3 was significantly better in the Nanosil group ( p  = 0.001). No infections or discharge were observed. A dry socket occurred in one patient in the Nanosil group, but it was not statistically significant. Swelling was significantly lower in the Nanosil group on day 3 ( p  < 0.001). Pain levels were similar in both groups. Conclusion Nanosil promoted better healing and reduced swelling compared to chlorhexidine on the third day post-surgery. No significant differences were found regarding pain, infection, discharge, or dry socket. Trial registration: The study was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials Center with the code IRCT20171216037893N6 on 16/12/2021. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/60568 .

In the last decade, overcrowding has become almost ubiquitous in EDs across the United States with many documented negative effects on both patients and healthcare workers [2]. Through the diligent work of our Hospital Incident Command Structure, aided by a robust disaster preparedness infrastructure, inpatient floors and PACUs were rapidly converted to COVID-19 units and ICUs, guided by sophisticated modeling to predict our capacity needs. While entirely ceasing elective procedures and admissions is neither desirable nor sustainable, returning to a status quo where beds fill with elective cases while patients with emergencies wait in ED hallways is also unacceptable, and would leave us susceptible to unsafe conditions during the continuing COVID-19 pandemic as well as any future pandemics.

Introduction The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) techniques in disinfection of ICU rooms contaminated with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) after patient discharge. Secondary objectives included comparison of the efficiency of a vaporizator (HPV, Bioquell®) and an aerosolizer using H 2 O 2 , and peracetic acid (aHPP, Anios®) in MDRO environmental disinfection, and assessment of toxicity of these techniques. Methods This prospective cross-over study was conducted in five medical and surgical ICUs located in one University hospital, during a 12-week period. Routine terminal cleaning was followed by H 2 O 2 disinfection. A total of 24 environmental bacteriological samplings were collected per room, from eight frequently touched surfaces, at three time-points: after patient discharge (T0), after terminal cleaning (T1) and after H 2 O 2 disinfection (T2). Results In total 182 rooms were studied, including 89 (49%) disinfected with aHPP and 93 (51%) with HPV. At T0, 15/182 (8%) rooms were contaminated with at least 1 MDRO (extended spectrum β–lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli 50%, imipenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 29%, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 17%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ceftazidime or imipenem 4%). Routine terminal cleaning reduced environmental bacterial load ( P <0.001) without efficiency on MDRO (15/182 (8%) rooms at T0 versus 11/182 (6%) at T1; P  = 0.371). H 2 O 2 technologies were efficient for environmental MDRO decontamination (6% of rooms contaminated with MDRO at T1 versus 0.5% at T2, P  = 0.004). Patient characteristics were similar in aHPP and HPV groups. No significant difference was found between aHPP and HPV regarding the rate of rooms contaminated with MDRO at T2 ( P  = 0.313). 42% of room occupants were MDRO carriers. The highest rate of rooms contaminated with MDRO was found in rooms where patients stayed for a longer period of time, and where a patient with MDRO was hospitalized. The residual concentration of H 2 O 2 appears to be higher using aHPP, compared with HPV. Conclusions H 2 O 2 treatment is efficient in reducing MDRO contaminated rooms in the ICU. No significant difference was found between aHPP and HPV regarding their disinfection efficiency.

The purpose of this randomized, parallel, triple-blinded clinical trial was to compare efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) after use of an in-office bleaching agent of 6 % hydrogen peroxide containing nanoparticles of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (HP6) vs. 35 % hydrogen peroxide (HP35). Forty-eight volunteers were randomly divided either a HP6 or HP35. Two clinical sessions were performed with an interval of 7 days between them for each group. In each session, two consecutive applications of each bleaching agent were performed and activated by a hybrid LED/laser light. Efficacy was determined by color alteration (Δ E ), recorded with reflectance spectroscopy. It was assessed at baseline and after the first and second bleaching session. TS was characterized according to occurrence, intensity, duration, and type. Efficacy was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test, and TS was analyzed by means of chi 2 test ( α  = 0.05). For HP35, highest and significant values of Δ E were found after bleaching when compared to HP6 ( p  = 0.002). However, HP35 showed a significantly higher occurrence of TS than HP6 ( p  = 0.008). Also, intensity and duration were higher in HP35. The majority of volunteers classified the type experienced in their sensitivity in the form of a “shock.” The use of HP6 despite reducing efficacy when compared to an in-office bleaching in higher concentration (35 %) produced less tooth sensitivity. Clinical relevance : In terms of tooth sensitivity, the use of lower concentrations of in-office bleaching should be the first choice, suggesting greater biocompatibility and safety compared to a conventional HP35.