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Engineering hydrology : an introduction to processes, analysis, and modeling
This comprehensive engineering textbook offers a thorough overview of all aspects of hydrology and shows how to apply hydrologic principles for effective management of water resources. It presents detailed explanations of scientific principles along with real-world applications and technologies.
Book
Hydrology
Quantitative measurements of rainfall, snowfall, the rate at which water penetrates into and moves through soil, streamflow, the rise and fall of LAKE and GROUNDWATER levels, and the evapotranspiration of water into the atmosphere are vital.
eBook
利用GRACE、GPS和绝对重力数据监测斯堪的纳维亚陆地水储量变化
重力卫星GRACE（gravity recovery and climate experiment）监测斯堪的纳维亚半岛陆地水储量变化会受到冰川均衡调整（GIA）信号的严重影响。首先根据该地区绝对重力和GPS并址观测数据计算了GIA重力和垂直位移的实测线性比值，利用该比值和GPS网观测的垂直位移速度场得到了GIA重力。然后，对GRACE观测的重力变化速率进行GIA重力改正，进而可分离陆地水储量变化趋势，避免了使用GIA模型所带来的巨大不确定性，并根据观测数据完整估计了所得结果的不确定性。最后与水文模型作对比分析。结果表明，实测的GIA重力-垂直位移线性比值为0.148±0.020 μGal/mm（1 Gal=10-2 m/s2），该结果检验了Wahr的理论近似值且与北美实测的结果非常接近。2003年1月至2011年3月期间，斯堪的纳维亚半岛陆地水储量存在明显的增加趋势，信号的主体位于半岛南端的维纳恩湖附近，总的水量增加速率为4.6±2.1 km3/a，数据观测期间的累积增加水量为38±17 km3。研究结果与WGHM水文模型的结果有较好的一致性，相关系数达到0.69，而与GLDAS水文模型的相关性略小。
Journal Article