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In the U.S. there has been considerable interest in connecting low-income households to alternative food networks like Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). To learn more about this possibility we conducted a statewide survey of CSA members in California. A total of 1149 members from 41 CSAs responded. Here we answer the research question: How do CSA members’ (1) socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds, (2) household conditions potentially interfering with membership, and (3) CSA membership experiences vary between lower-income households (LIHHs) and higher-income households (HIHHs)? We divided members into LIHHs (making under $50,000 annually) and HIHHs (making over $50,000 annually). We present comparisons of LIHHs’ and HIHHs’ (1) employment, race/ethnicity, household composition and education, use of food support, and enjoyment of food-related activities; (2) conditions interfering with membership and major life events; and (3) sources of information influencing decision to join, reasons for joining, ratings of importance of and satisfaction with various CSA attributes, gaps between importance of and satisfaction with various CSA attributes, valuing of the share and willingness to pay more, and impacts of membership. We find that LIHHs are committed CSA members, often more so than HIHHs, and that CSA members in California are disproportionately white, but that racial disproportionality decreases as incomes increase. We conclude by considering: (1) the economic risks that LIHHs face in CSA membership, (2) the intersection of economic risks with race/ethnicity and cultural coding in CSA; and (3) the possibilities of increasing participation of LIHH in CSA.

To improve our knowledge of how to protect the environment, this study examined the factors that influence recycling intention and behavior among low-income households. The study adopted a cross-sectional design that relied on 380 low-income households who live in coastal Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed a positive effect of eco-literacy, environmental concern, and self-efficacy on the attitude towards environmentally friendly products. Subsequently, the findings also illustrated a positive effect of normative beliefs on subjective norms. Moreover, the results revealed a positive effect of attitude towards environmentally friendly products and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on recycling intention. Finally, there was a positive effect of both PBC and recycling intention on recycling behavior. Although this study’s focus on a specific income group from a single country could limit generalizability; the findings nevertheless provide scholars and policymakers with significant insights into promoting recycling activities, which are expected to contribute to the environment and reduce the environmental and economic vulnerability among low-income households. Therefore, environmental and socio-economic development organizations should assess the feasibility of recycling materials and develop a supportive system that facilitates and encourages recycling activities.

In an attempt to mitigate the effects of extreme natural events caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs), a significant number of researchers and environmentalists have repeatedly stressed the importance of implementing protective measures, including the promotion of green consumption. This study examined the elements that motivated the willingness and the practice of green behavior (GB) among low-income households in coastal Peninsular Malaysia. To meet the research objectives, this study adopted the survey questionnaire method to collect data from 380 low-income households. The findings revealed that self-efficacy (SE) and environmental concerns (EC) have statistically significant effects on the attitude toward green products (ATT), while subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) have influence on the intention of green vehicles. Eventually, the study discovered the effects of the intention to adopt green vehicle on green vehicle adoption behavior. Hence, the findings of this study provide new insights for policymakers in Malaysia to place more emphasis on improving consumer attitudes, social standards, and PBC, which will ultimately contribute to the adoption of environment-friendly vehicles. In addition, car manufacturers should support this program by designing products and options that would encourage those in the low-income group to replace their conventional vehicles with green alternatives in Malaysia.

Occupant behaviour plays a significant role in shaping the dynamics of energy consumption in buildings, but the complex nature of occupant behaviour has hindered a deeper understanding of its influence. A meta-analysis was conducted on 65 published studies that used data-driven quantitative assessments to assess energy-related occupant behaviour using the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) framework. Hierarchical clustering was utilised to categorise different modelling techniques based on the intended outcomes of the model and the types of parameters used in various models. This study will assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate parameters and methods under various data constraints and research questions. The research revealed two distinct model categories being used to study occupant behaviour-driven energy consumption, namely (i) occupancy status models and (ii) energy-related behaviour models. Multiple studies have identified limitations on data collection and privacy concerns as constraints of modelling occupant behaviour in residential buildings. The “regression model” and its variants were found to be the preferred model types for research that models “energy-related behaviour”, and “classification models” were found to be preferable for modelling “occupancy” status. There were only limited instances of data-driven studies that modelled occupant behaviour in low-income households, and there is a need to generate region-specific models to accurately model energy-related behaviour.

With the continued development of the economy, the income gap among Chinese rural households continues to widen. The land system plays a decisive role in developing “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and land circulation is a factor in the increase in income inequality among farm households. Based on the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP), this article used the re-centered influence function (RIF) regression method to empirically test the impact of rural land circulation on the income gap of rural households in China in three regions: the central, eastern and western regions. The quantile regression tested the impact mechanism of income inequality of rural households from the perspective of labor mobility and land circulation. The empirical results showed that land circulation increases the income inequality of rural households. The theoretical mechanism test proved that the dynamic relationship between land circulation and labor mobility increases rural household income. However, this increase has a greater effect on rural households with a high income and a small effect on rural households with a low income, resulting in a further widening of the income gap. Therefore, while increasing the income of rural households through land circulation, the government should also consider income equity. Finally, this article puts forward the policies and opinions on land reform and provides a brief discussion on the future direction of development.

While joining farmer cooperatives has been identified as a way for farmers, especially small farmers, to overcome their limitations in the marketplace and increase their income, this paper presents an analytical framework for examining how farmer cooperative may increase farmer income in rural China, empirically assesses the impacts of such membership on household income, and examines how the membership may affect income inequality. Data from a large-scale survey of rural households in China are used to examine the impacts of farmer cooperative membership and other factors on household income through a multivariate regression analysis and to test whether the impacts are different across income groups through a quantile regression analysis. The propensity score matching technique is used to address potential self-selection bias problems in the dataset and quantile regression is used to examine the impact for different income quantiles or groups of farmers. The empirical results indicate that farmers participating in professional cooperatives, on average, earned significantly higher income than their counterparts, but the positive impact was not statistically significant for low-income quantiles. This finding suggests that encouraging the development of and participation in farmer cooperatives could increase the average income but may not contribute directly to the policy goal of reducing income inequality in rural China.

This paper examines the update patterns of urban–rural gap and regional inequality within Jiangsu Province from a perspective of local household income. A comprehensive model is proposed to quantitively analyse the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the household income level at local areas. We find the household income level is rising rapidly in Jiangsu Province and the urban–rural gap shows a convergence trend over the past decade. Hotspot analysis indicates the low-income clusters at the north and two high-income clusters at the south. The high-income clustering regions cover Greater Nanjing Area and the Sunan region including Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou which are geographically around the Tai Hu Lake. A range of socioeconomic factors play roles in the local household income. Population urbanization is a key variable, and highly educated labour make contributions particularly. Output of the service sector proves a significant correlation, while that of the manufacturing sector is not distinct. Multinational companies can also exert positive effects on the household income level at local areas. Urbanized construction, talents attraction and greater market opening benefit the increase of local household income.

Although several studies in Western countries show that higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher diet quality, no study has observed this association in Japan. In the current study, we examined the association between diet quality and the combinations of age, sex, and household income, and also compared the dietary intake between diet quality levels according to household income. Cross-sectional study. National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan in 2014. 2785 men and 3215 women. Higher Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores (better diet quality) were observed in older women, especially those with higher household income, whereas lower scores were observed in younger men with lower household income. Those having low quality diet, especially in low income households, had higher odds of not meeting the recommended amounts of the Japanese dietary guidelines, than those having high quality diet. Diet quality in Japanese adults differed by age and sex as well as by household income level. A different approach to diet quality improvement is needed according to population characteristics including not only age and sex but also social economic status.

As the direct subject of collective forestland tenure reform, increasing farmers’ income is an important goal of collective forestland tenure reform and the key to sustainable management of forest resources. Based on the survey data of 1276 rural households in 18 counties in 9 provinces, we construct a theoretical analysis framework of the impact of collective forestland tenure reform on household income from the perspective of rural household differentiation and elucidate the mechanism of the effect of collective forestland tenure reform on household income in the context of the rural household differentiation. The results of the empirical analysis show that, firstly, the collective forestland tenure reform significantly increases the total income, forestry income, and off-farm income of rural households, but the effect of income increase differs significantly among different groups of rural households with different income levels, showing the characteristic of “benefitting the rich more than the poor”. Secondly, as rural household differentiation deepens, there is a moderating effect of rural household differentiation in the income-raising effect of collective forestland tenure reform, i.e., collective forestland tenure reform has a stronger marginal effect on the forestry income of shallowly differentiated rural households and a weaker marginal effect on their off-farm income compared to deeply differentiated rural households. Finally, the income increase effect of collective forestland tenure reform shows significant situational dependence in both forestland operation scale and human capital endowment. The income-raising effect of collective forestland tenure reform is stronger for forestry income of large operation scale farmers, while it is stronger for off-farm income of small operation scale farmers; the income-raising effect of collective forestland tenure reform is stronger for farmers with high quantity and quality human capital endowment than for farmers with low quantity and quality human capital endowment. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide a policy adjustment idea to deepen the policies related to collective forestland tenure reform by starting from the farmer differentiation side.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely acknowledged as a prevalent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the independent impact of Median Household Income (MHI) on prognosis and survival outcomes in patients with CRC. Methods Data from 17 cancer registries of the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, with follow-up extended until November 2022 was analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of different levels of MHI on survival outcomes among patients with CRC. A total of 761,697 CRC patient records were retrieved from the SEER database. Results The Cox regression analysis results indicated that patients with higher MHI exhibited improved overall survival outcomes when compared to those with lower MHI (MMHI: P < 0.001; HMHI: P < 0.001). Regardless of the specific tumor location, gender, stage of CRC, or treatment method, higher MHI is consistently linked to improved survival outcomes. However, this association was not found to be statistically significant among American Indian/Alaska Native (MMHI: P = 0.017; HMHI: P = 0.081), Asian or Pacific Islander (MMHI: P = 0.223; HMHI: P = 0.002) and unmarried or domestic partner patients (MMHI: P = 0.311; HMHI: P = 0.011). Conclusion These results emphasize the importance of considering socioeconomic factors, such as income level, in understanding and addressing disparities in survival outcomes of CRC patients.