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Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper presents a study on the core components of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and introduces a moral emotional variable, namely environmental indebtedness, as the emotional factors in the attitude variable to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of consumer green purchase behavior. To examine the predictors of consumer green purchase behavior, data were collected from Chinese consumers and a total of 408 responses were considered valid. Through comparative analysis, it is found that environmental cognition, descriptive norm, and self-efficacy have a highly significant positive impact on green purchase intention, and self-efficacy was found the best predictor of intention. In addition to that, when environmental indebtedness, self-efficacy, controllability, and green purchase intention jointly have significant effects on green purchase behavior, environmental indebtedness has the best effect. This research offers significant contributions and provides decision-making recommendations.

This study aimed to verify the impact of financial preparation for retirement and risky indebtedness behavior on perceived financial well-being. A survey was carried out with 2290 individuals from diverse sociodemographic and economic profiles who resided in Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used as data analysis techniques. The results obtained indicate that risky indebtedness behavior negatively impacts financial preparation for retirement and perceived financial well-being and that there is a positive impact of financial preparation for retirement on perceived financial well-being. These findings highlight the importance of financial planning and savings behavior so that future expectations are achieved, and individuals may enjoy life with financial well-being. Thus, it is essential that public policies that promote new behaviors and healthy financial habits to the population, in addition to incentives for financial preparation for retirement, are built. Brazil needs to review the new credit concessions so that the individual does not acquire the behavior of using a financial resource that they do not have and that compromise financial well-being in the short and long term, negatively affecting retirement.

This article explores the role of readily available credit in shaping new masculine ideals among underground mineworkers in Soma, a lignite-coal basin in Turkey’s North Aegean region. The availability of easy credit forges a new approach to self and intimate others in this coal basin, allowing miners to navigate intimate relationships through consumer loans and financial obligations. By concomitantly examining the intergenerational aspiration of “taking control of life” that long accompanied insecure coal mining in the Soma basin and the evolving of national credit access, I show the emergence of a new masculine imperative via indebtedness, “moral immunity,” serving as a means to measure one’s masculinity and morality. Through the coupling of easy access to credit and increased investments in nuclear-family intimacy in today’s Turkey, moral immunity endows indebtedness with a moral transactional potential in intimate relations and enables extracting financial value from empathic, moral dispositions among miners.

With the rapid rise of mobile payment services in China, its welfare effect on residents has attracted wide attention from all sectors of society, but little is known about its negative consequences. Using panel data from the China Household Finance Survey in 2017, 2019, and 2021, and based on both subjective and objective perspectives, this study aimed to empirically analyze the impact of mobile payment usage on household over-indebtedness risk, its transmission mechanism, and role differences in different social groups. The results showed that mobile payments significantly increased the possibility of household over-indebtedness, including objective and subjective over-indebtedness. The mechanism analysis showed that mobile payments amplified the risk of household over-indebtedness mainly through two channels: promoting household consumption and alleviating household credit constraints (especially demand-oriented credit constraints). The heterogeneity analysis of sub-samples showed that mobile payments led to clear group differences in terms of increasing the risk of household over-indebtedness, with its promotion and popularization having a more profound impact on vulnerable groups, such as rural households, low-education households, and low-income and low-wealth households. This study addresses a key gap in the literature, helps with understanding the characteristics of household over-indebtedness in the mobile payment environment, and provides evidence-based guidance to assist individuals to engage with mobile payments more rationally and reduce their exposure to debt risks. Plain Language Summary This study, using detailed micro survey data from the China Household Finance Survey in 2017, 2019, and 2021, aimed to determine the role of mobile payments in promoting household over-indebtedness from both subjective and objective micro perspectives and to provide a new economic explanation for households’ over-indebtedness behavior and potential debt risks. We believe that our study addresses a key gap in the literature, helps with understanding the characteristics of household over-indebtedness in the mobile payment environment, and provides evidence-based guidance to assist individuals to engage with mobile payments more rationally and reduce their exposure to debt risks. The mechanism analysis showed that mobile payments amplified the risk of household over-indebtedness mainly through two channels: promoting household consumption and alleviating household credit constraints (especially demand-oriented credit constraints). The heterogeneity analysis of subsamples showed that mobile payments led to clear group differences in terms of increasing the risk of household over-indebtedness, with its promotion and popularization having a more profound impact on vulnerable groups, such as rural households, low-education households, and low-income and low-wealth households. Further, we believe that this paper will be of interest to the readership of your journal because it provides evidence-based findings highlighting the need to build a secure digital payment system and improve the risk supervision mechanism in the process of promoting the development of mobile payment services.

The aim of the study is to identify the main determinants of the capital structure of energy industry companies in the European Union. The study was based on a panel of 6122 companies from 25 EU countries, operating between 2011 and 2018. The study used multiple regression analysis. We have obtained strong evidence for a positive relationship between corporate debt and tangibility and size, and a negative relationship for profitability and liquidity. The factors that also affect the share of debt in capital have turned out to be growth (positive relationship) and non-debt tax shield (negative relationship), but the statistical significance of these relationships is ambiguous. We have shown that growth of industry business risk is accompanied by an increase in corporate debt and this is a distinguishing feature of the energy industry. For country-specific capital structure determinants, we have obtained strong evidence for the negative relationship between GDP growth, the level of stakeholder rights protection, the degree of capital markets development, and indebtedness of the companies studied. There has been moderate support for the hypotheses of a positive effect of inflation, taxation, and the degree of financial institutions development. Our study has also shown a negative impact of the volume of energy consumption and the share of renewable sources in its production and a positive impact of market monopolization on the indebtedness of companies from the energy industry in the EU.

Drawing on social exchange theory, we examine the conditions under which employees’ good intentions motivate them to engage in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and the psychological mechanism behind this behavioral decision. Findings from a time-lagged field study and a scenario study indicate (1) an interactive effect between perceived organizational support and employee performance on UPB; (2) that low performers who perceive high levels of organizational support are more likely to engage in UPB; and (3) that feelings of indebtedness to the organization mediate the interactive effect on UPB. Therefore, the paper highlights the importance of conditional factors in motivating UPB by combining employee ‘good intentions’ and ‘disadvantageous situations’ to understand the UPB decision process. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.

»Klassifikations-Lagen. Lebenschancen in der neoliberalen Ära«. This article examines the stratifying effects of economic classifications. We argue that in the neoliberal era market institutions increasingly use actuarial techniques to split and sort individuals into classification situations that shape lifechances. While this is a general and increasingly pervasive process, our main empirical illustration comes from the transformation of the credit market in the United States. This market works as both as a leveling force and as a condenser of new forms of social difference. The U.S. banking and credit system has greatly broadened its scope over the past twenty years to incorporate previously excluded groups. We observe this leveling tendency in the expansion of credit amongst lower-income households, the systematization of overdraft protections, and the unexpected and rapid growth of the fringe banking sector. But while access to credit has democratized, it has also differentiated. Scoring technologies classify and price people according to credit risk. This has allowed multiple new distinctions to be made amongst the creditworthy, as scores get attached to different interest rates and loan structures. Scores have also expanded into markets beyond consumer credit, such as insurance, real estate, employment, and elsewhere. The result is a cumulative pattern of advantage and disadvantage with both objectively measured and subjectively experienced aspects. We argue these private classificatory tools are increasingly central to the generation of „market-situations“, and thus an important and overlooked force that structures individual life-chances. In short, classification situations may have become the engine of modern class situations.

Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to assess the nature, extent and sources of debt and the measures of the burden of debt on farmers. Materials and methods: The study was based on primary data collected (by field survey) from a sample of 600 farmers selected from Haryana state in India. With regards to the selection of farmers/respondents, a proportionate sampling technique was employed. For the analysis of the collected data, average (or mean value) and percentage techniques were used. The data were collected in January, February and March, 2021. Results: The study revealed that the average amount of debt per sampled farmer is 563 960 rupees. This amount of debt is very high. Institutional sources played a major role in loan disbursement to farmers. Of the total amount owed, one third of all the debt was incurred from non-institutional sources at a higher rate of interest; 67.03% was incurred for productive purposes and the remaining 32.97% of debt was incurred for non-productive purposes. Non-productive debt adds nothing to agricultural production. 67% of all farmers in the state belong to marginal and small farm-size category. Thus, at small size of land holdings, at higher rate of interest charged by non-institutional sources and non-productive loans are the main cause of farmer indebtedness. Conclusions: Farmers have been trapped under the burden of debt and are not in a situation to pay their loans back within the prescribed period of time.

This paper focuses on the consumer credit market in Italy and the related risk of over-indebtedness. Using panel data from the Survey on Household Income and Wealth, we investigate the role of households financial fragility on the use and increase in consumer debt over time, evaluating, in particular, whether there exists a statistically significant relationship between the growth in the use of consumer credit and the increase in the proportion of indebted households that are in a negative financial situation.

The present paper assesses the loan utilisation and repayment behaviour of loanee or indebted farmers in Haryana, India.The study was conducted in Haryana state. The study is based on primary data that have been collected through schedules from a sample of 600 indebted farmers. Proportionate sampling was employed. Further, a percentage is used for data analysis.The study found that about half of the loan amount was utilised by farmers in nonproductive activities that directly stimulate the debt burden on them, because this type of expenditure did not contribute to the earnings of farmers. Further, around two-fifth of the farmers were regularly repaying their loans, one fifth were defaulters and remaining two-fifth were paying their loan irregularly. Overall, Farmers’ repayment behaviour is not satisfactory.The non-productive usage of the loan amount is one of the main causes of their indebtedness. Reducing such expenditure is one of the main challenges for farmers without generating other sources of income.