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"INDUSTRIAL AREAS"
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Disappearance and Sustainability of Historical Industrial Areas in Osijek (Croatia): Three Case Studies
Historical industrial areas are considered as areas of particular importance in terms of their heritage value and cultural significance. They are usually located in city centers and have great potential for economic, cultural and urban development. At the beginning of the 20th century, Osijek was well known as an industrial city, but the globalization had a ripple effect on the industry, leaving industrial sites of Osijek in ruins. Although comprehensive studies have not yet been made, field research into historical industrial areas of Osijek showed that they are mostly abandoned. A literature review showed that there is not even one document that contains locations and basic information on the historical industrial areas that existed in Osijek from 1824–1945. The aim of this paper is to define exact locations of historical industrial areas that existed in Osijek from 1824–1945 and to analyze their current state, their architectural, urban and identity features. The research resulted in a database containing basic information about 59 historical industrial areas in Osijek. An analysis and comparison of the current state of 13 remaining existing historical industrial areas in Osijek is given. The three case studies present detailed analysis, comparison and evaluation of observed historical industrial areas.
Journal Article
The Health Risk and Source Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Soil of Industrial Cities in India
Industrial areas play an important role in the urban ecosystem. Industrial site environmental quality is linked to human health. Soil samples from two different cities in India, Jamshedpur and Amravati, were collected and analyzed to assess the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial areas and their potential health risks. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in JSR (Jamshedpur) varied from 1662.90 to 10,879.20 ng/g, whereas the concentration ranged from 1456.22 to 5403.45 ng/g in the soil of AMT (Amravati). The PAHs in the samples were dominated by four-ring PAHs, followed by five-ring PAHs, and a small percentage of two-ring PAHs. The ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) of the soil of Amravati was lower compared to that of Jamshedpur. The risk due to PAH exposure for children and adults was reported to be in the order of ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation while for adolescents it was dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation in Jamshedpur. In contrast, in the soil of Amravati, the PAH exposure path risk for children and adolescents were the same and showed the following order: dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation while for the adulthood age group, the order was ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The diagnostic ratio approach was used to assess the sources of PAHs in various environmental media. The PAH sources were mainly dominated by coal and petroleum/oil combustion. As both the study areas belong to industrial sites, the significant sources were industrial emissions, followed by traffic emissions, coal combustion for domestic livelihood, as well as due to the geographical location of the sampling sites. The results of this investigation provide novel information for contamination evaluation and human health risk assessment in PAH-contaminated sites in India.
Journal Article
Prediction of heavy metal spatial distribution in soils of typical industrial zones utilizing 3D convolutional neural networks
Land resources are vital for urban development and construction. Abandoned industrial areas often contain large amounts of heavy metals from past industrial activities. Accurate knowledge of soil pollutant content and spatial distribution is crucial to avoid health risks and achieve sustainable soil use. However, due to the limitation of human, material and financial resources, it is difficult to carry out intensive detection of soil heavy metals in polluted areas. This problem can be solved by using known soil heavy metal content data to predict the heavy metals in unknown regions. This study utilizes a three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN) model, combined with spatial location and soil physicochemical properties, to predict heavy metal in a typical industrial zone in Qingdao City. The results show that the
of 3DCNN for predicting cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are 0.59, 0.59, 0.77 and 0.51, respectively. Therefore, 3DCNN can be used as an effective method for spatial prediction of soil heavy metals, which can reduce the cost of sampling and laboratory analysis. The three-dimensional spatial distribution analysis revealed that Cd and Pb were concentrated in the surface soil layer and gradually decreased with the depth, while Cu and Ni contents are mainly concentrated in the range of 3 m, exhibiting downward migration. Therefore, heavy metal enrichment has occurred in this area, and soil heavy metal treatment should be carried out before redevelopment.
Journal Article
Groundwater quality evolution based on geochemical modeling and aptness testing for ingestion using entropy water quality and total hazard indexes in an urban-industrial area (Tiruppur) of Southern India
This study used geochemical modeling to understand the chemical evolution of groundwater, entropy water quality index to assess the aptness of groundwater for human consumption, and total hazard index to determine the possible non-carcinogenic risks among children, women, and men in an urban-industrial area (Tiruppur region) of southern India. For the above purposes, 40 groundwater samples were collected from tube and dug wells, and they were tested for various physicochemical parameters. Fluoride and nitrate levels ranged from 0.10 to 2.70 mg/l and 10 to 290 mg/l, respectively. Nearly, 50% of the fluoride samples and 58% of the nitrate samples exceeded the WHO limits of 1.5 and 45 mg/l, respectively. The majority of the groundwater samples (22.5%) represented Ca
2+
-Na
+
-Cl
−
water type while the remaining samples exhibited mixed water types. Approximately, 85% of the samples indicated high levels of salinization since they had Revelle index > 0.5 meq/l. The saturation index (SI) revealed that mineral weathering; dissolution of halite, gypsum, and anhydrite; and precipitation of calcite and dolomite contributed to groundwater chemistry. Based on the entropy water quality index (EWQI), none of the groundwater samples was characterized as excellent or good water quality while 57.5% of the samples had medium water quality, and 32.5% and 10% of the samples exhibited poor and extremely poor water qualities, respectively. The last two categories are designated as unfit for consumption. The cumulative health risk (nitrate and fluoride together) ranged from 0.97 to 11.16 for children, 0.60 to 10.54 for women, and 0.39 to 6.92 for men. These values represent health risks among 88%, 80%, and 73% of the groundwater samples for children, women, and men, respectively. Therefore, proper measures should to be done to reduce the health risks associated with high nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater of the study area, which is used for drinking purposes.
Journal Article
Understanding the influence of industrial and agricultural land uses on groundwater quality in semiarid region of Solapur, India
A comprehensive groundwater quality investigation of 98 representative groundwater samples collected from Chincholi MIDC area has been carried out to identify the impact of different land uses on groundwater quality during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2014. Hydrochemical results confirm that groundwater is slightly alkaline and hard to very hard type. The contents of TDS, Na, Ca, NO3 and K exceeded the permissible limit prescribed by BIS in industrial land use in both the seasons. The ionic ratios suggest that silicate weathering is dominant hydro-geochemical process followed by carbonate weathering and ion exchange. The correlation and principal component analysis identifies the relation among different parameters and mixed sources of ionic constituents. The cluster analysis differentiates the samples affected due to anthropogenic activities through the classification of groundwater samples in different clusters, and principal component analysis identifies the EC, Ca, Mg, Cl, NO3, TH and TDS as major causative factors. The spatiotemporal maps depict the enrichment of specific ions mainly observed at industrial and agricultural sites. Samples located in industrial area vicinity are not suitable for drinking and irrigation. From an industrial perspective, groundwater is corrosive and incrusting in nature. Groundwater sample numbers 14 and 15 located in agricultural area and 29, 30, 41, 42, 43 and 47 in the vicinity of industrial area found problematic represent that the change in water quality is caused due to alteration in land use type. Therefore, it becomes immensely important to identify the negatively impacted groundwater quality and mitigate the cause.
Journal Article
Soil quality assessment in agricultural lands of an industrializing region of India
Soil degradation due to industrialization is a growing global concern, emphasizing the importance of evaluating soil quality near industrial zones to ensure food security, environmental sustainability, and public health. This study compares soil quality across five industrial sites, including foundries, electroplating, paper mills, textile mills, and quarries and cement industries, in the Coimbatore district. Soil samples were collected via a purposive sampling approach from nearby agricultural fields via a 500 m
2
grid. The soil quality was assessed by including all the soil parameters as soil quality indicators via principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation studies with a minimum data set followed by linear scoring and the weighted additive method. The soil quality was ranked as follows: reference soils (0.752) > foundry industrial sites (0.591) > quarry and cement industrial sites (0.554) > paper mill sites (0.552) > textile and dyeing industrial sites (0.500) > electroroplating industrial sites (0.482). The findings reveal that industrial activities significantly compromise soil quality in adjacent agricultural areas, with varying levels of impact.
Journal Article
Dismissed Industrial Areas: The Urban Project of the Montedison Factory of Akgragas in Porto Empedocle Between the Past, Present, and Future
In recent decades, in Italy, as in the international context, the phenomenon of disused industrial buildings has acquired considerable dimensions, with inevitable social, urban and economic repercussions. At the same time, the cultural debate has increased awareness of the problem and the strategic role that disused industrial sites can play in meeting new needs. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the abandoned Montedison industrial complex in Porto Empedocle, Sicily. It examines the history, current state, and potential future uses of this former industrial site. The research is well-documented, incorporating historical context, architectural details, and considerations for urban redevelopment. This paper effectively discusses the broader issues surrounding the reuse of abandoned industrial areas, making it relevant beyond just this specific case study. Insights are drawn from qualitative research, with evidence derived from document sources, archival records, direct participants, and semi-structured interviews. The main objectives achieved are as follows: expanding knowledge of the decommissioned site; proposing; from a quality and sustainability perspective; a model for managing the decision-making process; identifying some project ideas to initiate the decision-making process. The understanding of historical industrial buildings is relevant to the present and enables the implementation of urban transformation processes consistent with contemporary challenges.
Journal Article
Geochemical distribution and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of an industrial area and its surroundings, Haridwar, India
The aim of this study was to assess environmental risk due to heavy metals such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in the groundwater around integrated industrial estate (IIE) Haridwar. Index of geo-accumulation (
I
geo
) values showed Cr contamination in groundwater of both the industrial areas. The quantification of contamination index showed that anthropogenic causes were source of contamination of all metals. Contamination factor showed that contamination levels in the study area ranged from low contamination to moderate contamination. Pollution linked index (PLI) values were highest in Bahadrabad old industrial area > Shivalik Nagar > commercial area > IIE Haridwar = Aneki > RNP. Ecological risk index (ERI) was highest in Bahadrabad old industrial area > Shivalik Nagar > commercial area > IIE Haridwar > RNP > Aneki rural area. Values of PLI and ERI showed moderate pollution and low ecological risk due to heavy metals in the study area. Study showed that although Rajaji National Park (RNP) is a protected area, it was not free of metal contamination.
Journal Article