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This study advances understanding of environmental inequality by examining its production through the interaction of two ubiquitous and ongoing urban‐ecological processes: industrial land‐use changes and changing patterns of residential segregation. We employ longitudinal data from the Rhode Island Directory of Manufacturers (1953–2012) and tract‐level US Census data measured at four panel‐years (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to study the effects of these interactions in Rhode Island’s historical industrial cities of Providence, Pawtucket, and Central Falls. Spatial patterning analysis and hybrid spatial panel modeling of residential exposure to active and legacy industrial sites in relation to ongoing racial and industrial change reveal two novel findings. First, we find a “legacy effect,” suggesting that the spatial organization of industrial activities prior to the study period has measurable impacts on patterns of residential segregation in later decades. Our results also indicate that over the study period Latinx and African‐American residents have become increasingly less likely to bear disproportionate impacts of active manufacturing sites, despite very different spatial patterns of population growth. This is strong evidence that environmental inequality formation is a variable process in which historically distinct pathways can lead to similarly disproportionate exposure to environmental risk.

Background The petrochemical industry is hazardous, in part because of the inherently dangerous nature of the work conducted, and incidents frequently result in significant financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of incidents and injuries in this industry is unsafe worker behaviour. Identifying the factors encouraging unsafe work behaviours is the first step in taking action to discourage them. The aim of this study was to (a) explore workers’, supervisors’ and safety managers’ attitudes and perceptions of safety in a petrochemical company in Iran, and (b) identify the factors that discourage safe work behaviours. Methods A qualitative study was conducted by applying the steps described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Twenty participants were recruited from an Iranian petrochemical company using a multi-stage approach, with initial purposive sampling followed by snowball sampling to enhance recruitment. Individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of factors acting as barriers to safe behaviour. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Persian and then translated into English. Conventional content analysis was performed. Results The main themes emerging from the interviews were: (i) poor direct safety management and supervision; (ii) unsafe workplace conditions; (iii) workers’ perceptions, skills and training; and (iv) broader organisational factors. Conclusions The findings give insights into practical organisational measures that can be implemented by management to promote workers’ commitment to safety and engage in safe behaviours in their workplace. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2 . Retrospectively registered 19 June 2018.

The safe storage and handling of dangerous goods (DGs) remain critical to preventing accidents, protecting personnel, and ensuring regulatory compliance within industrial manufacturing facilities. This paper examines the storage practices of Classes 3, 8, and 9 hazardous materials at a process-based manufacturing site, highlighting key deficiencies in compliance with Australian standards such as AS 1940, AS 3780, and AS/NZS 3833. These standards outline essential controls, including separation distances, segregation, isolation, bunding, ventilation, and fire protection, vital to mitigating critical risks like fire, chemical reactions, and environmental contamination. A risk-based assessment identified significant gaps, including inadequate funding, insufficient separation of incompatible materials, and non-compliance with ventilation and fire protection requirements. Addressing these gaps is necessary, as failures in these areas could lead to catastrophes involving highly toxic releases, fires, or explosions. Recommendations include establishing clear maximum quantity limits for hazardous materials, implementing compliant bunding and spill containment systems, improving fire protection measures with feasible extinguishing supplies, and conducting thorough risk assessments to refine storage arrangements. This work emphasises the need for commitment to uncompromising standards and provides actionable strategies to advance process safety in manufacturing industries handling hazardous chemicals.

Urban expansion in areas adjacent to industrial areas presents serious safety challenges, especially in fast developing areas. Nearly between residential and industrial activities increases the risk of accidents, environmental pollution and massive disasters. In response, industrial countries have adopted advanced management systems to reduce these risks. Of these, the Geographical Information System (GIS) provides a powerful tool for analyzing and mapping the areas coming in contact with industrial threats. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of GI in reducing industrial risks and focusing a specific focus on the Algerian context, reducing industrial risks and supporting permanent urban planning. Research adopts a spatial analysis approach using topological maps, geographical datasets and GIS software. Industrial areas and surrounding urban settlements were studied through layered spatial modeling. Supplementary area observation and case studies were included to validate the accuracy of GIS output. The analysis focused on identifying weak areas, assessing industrial threats and assessing the effectiveness of existing land-use and reaction strategies. Conclusions highlight the important weaknesses in current urban risk management systems, especially in terms of preparations and integration with spatial plan. The GIS proved to be effective in detecting high-risk areas, imagining dangerous areas and providing strategic support for the decisions of land-use. The device also featured landscape simulation, which improved the understanding of potential industrial accidents and their impact on nearby communities. The interpretation of these results suggests that GI increases urban flexibility, reduces exposure to industrial threa.

The volcanic islands of the Aeolian chain (Italy) in southern Tyrrhenian Sea have been sources and receptors of local tsunamis triggered by landslides from the same islands several times during the last century. This study focuses on two of the Aeolian Islands, Vulcano and Lipari, to develop a first approximation evacuation model for cases where there is very little information on potential inundation zones, flooding depths and wave arrival times. To set up zones in need of evacuation, buildings and road characteristics were collected in the field as well as data for the spatial and temporal distribution of population and boats. Tsunami impact zones were determined from historical events which showed likely wave run-ups of one to ten meters and the source of the landslide triggering tsunami was set up on the flank of La Fossa volcano. In the absence of detailed run-up mapping or modelling, contour lines extracted from DEM were used for a first approximation of likely inundation zones. In the case of Vulcano, inundation zones of up to 270,000 m 2 can be expected for even a small 2 m run-up scenario. In the tourist season, 2500 people can be present in the potential flooded area, especially on the beaches. Due to the proximity of these beaches to the north-eastern flank of La Fossa volcano landslide source (≤500 m), threshold times are 1–3 minutes. This means that for horizontal evacuation only 13% and 55% of the exposed area can be evacuated in 1 and 3 minutes respectively. However, if we consider using vertical evacuation involving roof access we increase to 19% and 71%. At Lipari, we have a case of the industrial port, so evacuation has to consider the heavy boat traffic which includes passenger boats, car ferries, tourist boats and cargo ships. Given typical boat speed and threshold time, even the slowest boats can reach a distance of 3–4 km offshore before the tsunami arrives, if reaction time is immediate. Due to the presence of hazardous materials at sea level we need also to consider industrial accident in our plan which can add 200–400 m to the impact area. While we provide a first approximation model for evacuation of flat areas and ports, this analysis highlights some issues related to harbours and inhabited areas located at sea level.

This study aims to assess the preventive measures and self-protective rights of employees at the workplace. A survey has been conducted in a steel and power industry of Angul district of Odisha (India) using a semi-structured interview schedule to assess the determinants of occupational hazards. Occupational health practices among 425 male workers were assessed from the steel and power industry using the population proportion to sample technique (PPS). Respondents from the higher educational background, skilled workers, Hindu religious group, general category, and employees with high-household income were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with self-protective rights at the workplace. Industrial workers are considered a vulnerable group with respect to the power of self-protective rights in the industry. The factors such as job insecurity, financial hardship, less education, and unskilled profession make them vulnerable, which forces them to settle with a lower level of rights at the workplace.

The consumption of tobacco is regarded as a contributing factor to several diseases. However, the impact of tobacco dust exposure (TDE) on tobacco workers has not been extensively investigated. This protocol introduces the design and implementation of the Tobacco Dust Cohort for Health Assessment and Risk Monitoring (T-CHARM) study, a prospective cohort study aimed at evaluating the health impacts of TDE. This prospective cohort study will recruit women working in tobacco processing who are nonsmokers and women who do not work for the tobacco industry and are nonsmokers living in a nearby area (unexposed group), with a total of 400 expected participants. The impact of TDE on health, including metabolic syndrome parameters; complete blood count; and cardiovascular, liver, renal, and lung function, will be evaluated in relation to urine cotinine levels. Air quality and chemical substances in the air and leaves will also be analyzed. The data will be subsequently analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. A total of 120 respondents have participated as of August 2025. Another 80 respondents will be recruited, laboratory analysis is ongoing, and baseline results are expected by the end of 2025. The strength of the T-CHARM study's approach is its detailed occupational and environmental factors and longitudinal health data from the corporate clinic or the district health center, as well as links to cancer and mortality registries and self-reported health. The current phase of the study focuses on baseline data collection for long-term follow-up. The cohort will be monitored for up to 20 years, depending on sustained funding. T-CHARM offers a robust framework for understanding the chronic health effects of occupational TDE. DERR1-10.2196/84231.

Occupational work hazards in workplaces in Nigeria have been disturbing issues among workers due to the harms and risks associated with them. These have exposed workers to stress and mixed feelings about their job demands, roles, and relationships. With that in mind, this study investigated the efficacy of rational career education intervention on occupational stress management in industrial hazard victims in institutions of learning. A pure-experimental design was employed for the study. A total of 80 technicians participated in the study. A dependent measure was used to assess the conditions at three points. Data collected were analyzed using a multivariance statistical analysis. The result showed that technical workers in the experimental group that received the intervention had a significant reduction in their OS after the intervention and at the follow-up, phase compared to their counterparts in the control group. The finding of this study has shown that the intervention is significant in helping technical workers in technical colleges reduce their OS. With these findings, this study concludes that rational emotive career counselling programme is an effective intervention for technical workers with occupational stress, therefore, occupational therapists in industries should recommend this for their clients.

The phenomenon of volcanic fallout ash from Mt. Etna in Sicily (Italy) is well known and frequent in recent years, as in the period 2001–2004. As a consequence, significant problems for the population, road, rail and air traffic and production activities have occurred. The industrial areas of Catania and Augusta-Priolo, located in south eastern Sicily, might be involved during particular weather conditions. This paper aims at determining the potential scenarios of damage to industrial facilities caused by volcanic ash fallout. The work has been focused on the study of both fixed and floating roof storage tanks, containing flammable liquids, and examines extreme failures damage causing the greatest loss of containment for these facilities. To include scenarios arising from natural phenomena (Na-Tech events) in the standard risk assessment procedure, the estimation of the vulnerability of these facilities is necessary. The study has been applied to the area surrounding Mt. Etna, and the procedure can also be extended to other case studies.