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"INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS"
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Achievements and unfinished agenda of the fiscal equalization system in Croatia
Revenue sharing arrangements and the fiscal equalization system in Croatia have long been perceived as inadequate and ineffective. The reform of personal income tax sharing implemented in 2018 was accompanied by a new fiscal capacity equalization system. To date the effects of these reforms have not been empirically analyzed. In addition, the impact of the omission of differences in expenditure needs in the new formula has not been adequately analyzed either. This paper aims to fill those gaps by analyzing the existing disparities in fiscal capacity and expenditure needs across subnational governments in Croatia, testing the effectiveness of the currentfiscal equalization mechanisms. Using Gini coefficients and other inequality measures we confirm that the new fiscal equalization does reduce disparities in per capita fiscal capacity. However, its equalizing effectiveness regarding expenditure needs arising from decentralized functional responsibilities remains overall rather weak.
Journal Article
The political economy of decentralization in sub-saharan africa
For the past two decades, experiments in decentralization and federalization havebeen developing in Africa, Asia, and the formerly communist states of EasternEurope. Many of the powers previously in the hands of the central governmentor its deconcentrated structures have been transferred to lower government layers.Additionally, local governments are gradually emerging as development actors.Whatever the reasons for decentralization, the transfer of new functions to localgovernments can be substantive, at least in intent.The Political Economy of Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa offers a newpolicy-oriented implementation model, applied systematically in parallel in BurkinaFaso, Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal. The book studies the individual countries andcompares similar issues based on the same blueprint. The analysis is not intendedto assess whether the chosen decentralization model is the right one, which doesnot exist. Rather, it examines decentralization achievements in specific nationalsettings and compares those achievements with the announced objectives. Thedivergences revealed enable decision makers to choose appropriate directionsfor country reform.This method does not transpose textbook solutions to the states. The referenceframework offers an analytical approach contextualized to each country thatintegrates not only economic arguments, but also sociopolitical ones. The authorspropose an analytical guide founded on political and institutional economy. Theyanalyze decentralized policies that help stakeholders to identify the issues, pointout stumbling blocks, and ensure coherent decisions on decentralization. The bookis an asset to all those involved in negotiating and implementing approaches todecentralization.
eBook
Governors, grants, and elections : fiscal federalism in the American states
Each year, states receive hundreds of billions of dollars in grants-in-aid from the federal government. Gubernatorial success is often contingent upon the pursuit and allocation of these grants. In Governors, Grants, and Elections, Sean Nicholson-Crotty reveals the truth about how U.S. governors strategically utilize these funds. Far from spending federal money in apolitical ways, they usually pursue their own policy interests in the hopes of maximizing their or their party’s electoral success.
Nicholson-Crotty analyzes three decades of data on the receipt and expenditure of grants in all fifty states. He also draws compelling evidence from governors’ public speeches and interviews with state officials. Ultimately, he demonstrates that incumbent governors’ use of grants to deliver policies desired by core constituents—along with their opportunistic funding of public and private goods that appeal to noncore median voters—enables them to increase approval, legislative success, and, ultimately, vote share for themselves or their parties.
The inaugural book in the Johns Hopkins Studies in American Public Policy and Management series, Governors, Grants, and Elections is a significant and accessible work of public policy scholarship that sits at the nexus of multiple fields within political science.
eBook
Fiscal Federalism in Multinational States
Substate nationalism is often studied as a question of political
identity and cultural recognition. The same applies to the study of
multinational federalism - it is mainly conceived as a tool for the
accommodation of minority cultures and identities. Few works in
political philosophy and political science pay attention to the
fiscal and redistributive dimensions of substate nationalism and
multinational federalism. Yet nationalist movements in Western
countries make crucial claims about fiscal autonomy and the fair
distribution of resources between national groups within the same
state. In recent years, Scottish nationalists have demanded greater
tax autonomy, Catalan and Flemish nationalists have viewed
themselves as unfairly disadvantaged by centralized fiscal
arrangements, and equalization payments and social transfers in
Canada have exacerbated tensions within the federation. In
Fiscal Federalism in Multinational States contributors
from political philosophy and political science disciplines explore
the fiscal side of substate nationalism in Canada, Belgium, the
United Kingdom, Spain, and Australia. Chapters examine the
connection between secessionist claims and interregional
redistributive arrangements, power relations in federations where
taxing and spending responsibilities are shared between orders of
government, the relationship between substate nationalism and
fiscal autonomy, and the role of federal governments in
redistributing resources among substate national groups. Fiscal
Federalism in Multinational States brings together scholars of
nationalism and federalism in a groundbreaking analysis of the
connections between nationalist claims and fiscal debates within
plurinational states.
eBook
Subnational data requirements for fiscal decentralization : case studies from Central and Eastern Europe
The need for subnational demographic, social, economic, and fiscal data in designing effective intergovernmental fiscal systems is becoming increasingly evident. In Central and Eastern European countries, the legacy of the region’s communist past are information systems rooted in the centralized economy. Such an approach becomes less acceptable as economic issues become more complex and subnational governments in these transition economies become responsible for the delivery of local services. As political imperatives support increasingly democratic forms of governance in which people’s needs must be taken into account in the design of policy options, there is a need for information systems that provide data to allow policymakers and citizens to assess the outcomes of policy choices. Subnational Data Requirements for Fiscal Decentralization summarizes the findings of needs assessment activities in five demonstration countries that are at different stages of fiscal decentralization: Bulgaria, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Ukraine. These assessments are part of a program on subnational statistical capacity building, launched by the World Bank Institute, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Economic Development Center of the Soros Foundation.
eBook