Explore the vast range of titles available.

A napjaink többnemzeti műveleteiben részt vevő, kormányzati és más (nem kormányzati) szervezetekkel együttműködő katonai szervezetek eredményes működésének folyamatosan növekvő jelentőségű feltétele rendszereik interoperabilitása. A NATO katonai informatikai rendszerek fejlesztése, interoperabilitási képességeik megvalósítása és fenntartása a Szövetségi Műveleti Hálózat (FMN) keretrendszer interoperabilitási követelményei figyelembevételével történik. Bár az újrafelhasználható szoftverkomponensekre épülő fejlesztés csökkenti a fejlesztések időtartamát és költségeit, növeli az interoperabilitási képességek minőségét, ilyen komponensek a NATO vezetési és irányítási rendszerek esetében nem állnak rendelkezésre, kérdéseikkel a katonai szakirodalom sem foglalkozik. Jelen publikáció célja, hogy igazolja azt a hipotézist, miszerint vannak olyan – a NATO FMN követelményekben szereplő – interoperabilitási funkciók, amelyek megvalósíthatók újrafelhasználható szoftverkomponensek formájában. Célja összegezni az újrafelhasználható interoperabilitási komponensek fogalmi alapjait, feltárni főbb típusaikat, összevetve a kapcsolódó NATO-dokumentumokkal, és meghatározni az egyes típusok rendeltetését, főbb jellemzőit.

The population of cities is increasing rapidly day by day, and it is predicted that this increase will continue in the following years. Accordingly, population growth creates a significant pressure in many different domains of cities such as infrastructure, traffic, energy, and environment. Smart cities come forward as a useful option to struggle with the pressure on cities caused by overwhelming population growth and to make cities liveable and sustainable. Smart city approach creates gains in the fields of sustainable development, competitiveness and environmental sustainability with its ability to transform information into economic, social and environmental benefits. However, smart city services and applications are mostly designed as independent and unrelated units so this approach causes isolated and heterogeneous data and technology islands. As the result, data flow problem occurs between vertical applications and service suppliers, and this interoperability problem causes emergence of independent silos in smart cities. Such silos hinders data integration, prevent citizens and public administrations benefit fully from smart cities, and cause vendor lock-in. In order to use the full potential of smart city approach, it’s vital to secure interoperability systems and applications of smart cities. In this study, interoperability terms and their necessity for smart city ecosystem will be addressed. Afterwards, Smart City Interoperability Model’s (SCIM) contributions to semantic, technical and operational interoperability will be discussed.

Interoperability stands as a critical hurdle in developing and overseeing distributed and collaborative systems. Thus, it becomes imperative to gain a deep comprehension of the primary obstacles hindering interoperability and the essential criteria that systems must satisfy to achieve it. In light of this objective, in the initial phase of this research, we conducted a survey questionnaire involving stakeholders and practitioners engaged in distributed and collaborative systems. This effort resulted in the identification of eight essential interoperability requirements, along with their corresponding challenges. Then, the second part of our study encompassed a critical review of the literature to assess the effectiveness of prevailing conceptual approaches and associated technologies in addressing the identified requirements. This analysis led to the identification of a set of components that promise to deliver the desired interoperability by addressing the requirements identified earlier. These elements subsequently form the foundation for the third part of our study, a reference architecture for interoperability-fostering frameworks that is proposed in this paper. The results of our research can significantly impact the software engineering of interoperable systems by introducing their fundamental requirements and the best practices to address them, but also by identifying the key elements of a framework facilitating interoperability in Systems of Systems.

The shop floor or factory floor is the area inside a factory where manufacturing production is executed. The digitalisation of this area has been increasing in the last few years, introducing the Digital Twin (DT) and the Industry 4.0 concepts. A DT is the digital representation of a real object or an entire system. A DT includes a high diversity of components from different vendors that need to interact with each other efficiently. In most cases, the development of standards and protocols does not consider the need to operate with other standards and protocols, causing interoperability issues. Transducers (sensors and actuators) use the communication layer to exchange information with digital contra parts, and for this reason, the communication layer is one of the most relevant aspects of development. This paper covers DT development, going from the physical to the visualisation layer. The reference architecture models, standards, and protocols focus on interoperability to reach a syntactic level of communication between the IEEE 1451 and the IEC 61499 standards. A semantic communication layer connects transducer devices to the digital representation, achieving a semantic level of interoperability. This communication layer adds semantics to the communication process, allowing the development of an interoperable DT based on the IEEE 1451 standards. The DT presented reaches the syntactic and semantic levels of interoperability, allowing the monitoring and visualisation of a prototype system.

Pathology reports contain critical information necessary for the management of cancer patient care. Efforts to structure pathology cancer reports by the College of American Pathologists and the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) have been successful in standardizing pathology reports. Likewise, standards development organizations have advanced methods to improve data computability and exchange, by enabling interoperability of pathology cancer reports. This study aimed to provide a tractable method to render pathology cancer reports computable and interoperable using published cancer reporting protocols, SNOMED Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). The ICCR colorectal cancer (CRC) reporting dataset (version 1.0) was evaluated by terminologists and pathologists. SNOMED CT concepts were bound to the data elements. The dataset was then converted into a FHIR structured data capture (SDC) questionnaire using the United States National Library of Medicine tooling and rendered into a FHIR-conformant message for data exchange. The ICCR CRC dataset contained 216 data elements; 207 data elements were bound to SNOMED CT and incorporated into a FHIR SDC construct. The 9 uncoded data elements were ambiguous and could not be reliably encoded. The resultant FHIR SDC form fully represented the ICCR CRC dataset and rendered these data in an R4 JSON format for data exchange. This study demonstrates a tractable and extensible approach to making cancer pathology reports fully computable and interoperable that can be broadly adopted. ICCR datasets are supported internationally and supported by multiple national pathology societies. These datasets can be fully represented using SNOMED CT to render data elements computable and semantically faithful to their intended meaning. The use of the FHIR SDC construct enables widespread and standardized data exchange of clinical information. While challenges remain, including FHIR adoption and the need to maintain current clinical content and standard terminology, this approach provides a clear pathway toward implementation.

En este artículo se presenta una herramienta de trabajo que permite la automatización de las tareas necesarias para la conversión de un XML-JATS, producto de la herramienta de marcado de RedALyC y AmeliCA, al formato de XML-JATS utilizado por SciELO Argentina para la ingesta de revistas a su plataforma.

Following the proposal by Tsafnat et al (2024) to converge on three open health data standards, this viewpoint offers a critical reflection on their proposed alignment of openEHR, Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR), and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) as default data standards for clinical care and administration, data exchange, and longitudinal analysis, respectively. We argue that open standards are a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve health data interoperability. The ecosystem of open-source software needs to be considered when choosing an appropriate standard for a given context. We discuss two specific contexts, namely standardization of (1) health data for federated learning, and (2) health data sharing in low- and middle-income countries. Specific design principles, practical considerations, and implementation choices for these two contexts are described, based on ongoing work in both areas. In the case of federated learning, we observe convergence toward OMOP and FHIR, where the two standards can effectively be used side-by-side given the availability of mediators between the two. In the case of health information exchanges in low and middle-income countries, we see a strong convergence toward FHIR as the primary standard. We propose practical guidelines for context-specific adaptation of open health data standards.

The successful implementation of the European Health Data Space (EHDS) for the secondary use of data (known as EHDS2) hinges on overcoming significant challenges, including the proper implementation of interoperability standards, harmonization of diverse national approaches to data governance, and the integration of rapidly evolving AI technologies. This work addresses these challenges by developing an interactive toolkit that leverages insights from 7 leading cancer research projects (Integration of Heterogeneous Data and Evidence towards Regulatory and HTA Acceptance [IDERHA], European Federation for Cancer Images [EUCAIM], Artificial intelligence Supporting Cancer Patients across Europe [ASCAPE], Personalised Health Monitoring and Decision Support Based On Artificial Intelligence and Holistic Health Records [iHelp], Central repository for digital pathology [Bigpicture], Piloting an infrastructure for the secondary use of health data [HealthData@EU] pilot, and improving cancer diagnosis and prediction with AI and big data [INCISIVE]) to guide in shaping the EHDS2 interoperability framework. Building upon the foundations laid by the Towards the European Health Data Space (TEHDAS) joint action (JA) and the new European Interoperability Framework (EIF), the toolkit incorporates several key innovative features. First, it provides interactive and user-friendly entry modules to support European projects in creating their own interoperability frameworks aligned with the evolving EHDS2 requirements technical and governance requirements. Second, it guides projects in navigating the complex landscape of health data standards, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to implementing the EHDS2 recommended standards for data discoverability and sharing. Third, the toolkit fosters collaboration and knowledge sharing among projects by enabling them to share their experiences and best practices in implementing standards and addressing interoperability challenges. Finally, the toolkit recognizes the dynamic nature of the EHDS2 and the evolving regulatory landscape, including the impact of AI regulations and related standards. This allows for continuous adaptation and improvement, ensuring the toolkit remains relevant and useful for future projects. In collaboration with HSbooster.eu, the toolkit will be disseminated to a wider audience of projects and experts, facilitating broader feedback and continuous improvement. This collaborative approach will foster harmonized standards implementation across projects that ultimately contribute to the development of a common EHDS2 interoperability framework.