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In this Special Issue, “Featured Papers in Organometallic Chemistry”, we report on the synthesis and characterization of [IPr#–PEPPSI], a new, well-defined, highly hindered Pd(II)–NHC precatalyst for cross-coupling reactions. This catalyst was commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma, Burlington, ON, Canada (no. 925489) to provide academic and industrial researchers with broad access to reaction screening and optimization. The broad activity of [IPr#–PEPPSI] in cross-coupling reactions in a range of bond activations with C–N, C–O, C–Cl, C–Br, C–S and C–H cleavage is presented. A comprehensive evaluation of the steric and electronic properties is provided. Easy access to the [IPr#–PEPPSI] class of precatalysts based on modular pyridine ligands, together with the steric impact of the IPr# peralkylation framework, will facilitate the implementation of well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)–NHC precatalysts in chemistry research.

[目的/意义]从构建知识产权信息化平台，完善高校复合型知识产权专业人才培养措施，健全海外知识产权保护政策，提升知识产权全链条治理能力，注重知识产权高质量创造，联动知识产权公共服务与市场服务等方面着手，助力知识产权强国建设。[方法/过程]围绕知识产权信息化、人才培养、法律保障、数据赋能、战略和服务等重点关切，访谈领域内专家，共同为知识产权强国建设路径出谋划策。[结果/结论]知识产权强国建设需要多方出力，尤其需要着力构建知识产权一站式服务平台，提高知识产权服务能力；以社会需求为导向，培养复合型知识产权专业人才；关注海外知识产权贸易与纠纷，提高企业知识产权布局与风险应对能力；以数据赋能知识产权高质量发展为导向，提升知识产权治理能力；在国家政策方面落实知识产权高质量发展战略，引领创新主体以发展战略思维来谋划知识产权能力的提升；大力推动各级各类知识产权公共服务机构的建立，提高知识产权服务的覆盖性。

[Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to discuss how to build China into a country that is strong on intellectual property rights (IPR), mainly from the aspects of building IPR information platforms, improving the measures in colleges and universities, for cultivating interdisciplinary IPR professionals completing overseas IPR protection policies, enhancing the governance capacity of IPR chain, focusing on high-quality creation of IPRs, and linking IPR public services and market services. [Method/Process] We interviewed a number of experts in the IPR field and invited them to make suggestions for building a country strong on IPRs. The interview topics mainly focus on the key points to build China into a strong country through intellectual property, such as IPR informatization, cultivating IPR professionals, legal guarantee for IPRs, data empowerment to IPRs, and IPRs' strategy and services. [Results/Conclusions] The construction of a strong country on IPRs requires multi-stakeholders' contribution. Firstly,

The intersection between religion, faith, and development has played an important role in shaping the evolution of societies throughout time. One critical area where this was visibly demonstrated is that with relation to knowledge control and its impact on access to common goods. This article represents a pioneering attempt to engage and shed light on the role played by Islamic principles with relation to this critical and timely debate.

Genetically modified crops (GM crops) also known as biotech crops are crops that have been altered through genetic engineering techniques and under cultivation for approximately 28 years. By October 2024, over 30 nations have approved the cultivation of GM crops. The global area utilized for biotech crop production has reached 206.3 million hectares. Despite the substantial growth in the cultivation of these crops, debate continues between proponents and opponents of GM crops. In this article, critical concerns and common ground between the arguments of both sides were described. The main issues addressed include the naturalness of GM crops, religious perspectives, beneficial aspects, safety issues, socio-economic impacts and intellectual property rights. We argue that the classification GM crops as unnatural is a claim that lacks scientific reality. In a similar vein, comparing GM technology to the act of playing God is inappropriate. Moreover, the belief that GM crops do not contribute to yield improvements is inconsistent with empirical evidence. Additionally, the claim that foods produced from GM crops are unsafe for human consumption holds unseen concerns that is not on the ground. We have also highlighted the necessity of implementing intellectual property rights that support seed developers for a limited duration without violating farmers’ rights. In conclusion, as a consumer has the right to know what they eat, labeling of GM food products fosters transparency and enhance consumer autonomy.

Intellectual Property as a material right can be used as a fiduciary guarantee. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence banking institutions not yet utilizing the MSMES IPR as a fiduciary guarantee in credit agreements at the banking institution and to know the obstacles of the MSMES IPR as an object of fiduciary security and the Development of the Intellectual Property Rights of the MSMES as an object of fiduciary collateral in the credit agreement at the banking institution in Indonesia. The method of approach in this research is sociological juridical. Data collection was carried out with literature and field studies (through observations, questionnaires and interviews) of intellectual property holders and banking institutions. Data analysis was performed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The research found that factors affecting banking institutions not yet utilizing MSMES IPR as a fiduciary guarantee in Indonesia are due to the absence of standardization of assessments or determining the nominal value of IPR, regarding the risk of fluctuations in value of IPR, there is no market (seller and buyer) of IPR and procedures or mechanisms Execution of Execution of IPR guarantees. Development of Intellectual Property Rights of MSMEs as Fiduciary Objects in Credit Agreements in Banking Institutions in Indonesia, several things need to be strengthened in legal substance, Establishment of IP IPR Institutions, Notaries in making deeds, registrations and fiduciary certificates of MSMES IPR through the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, MSMES IPR Execution, Companies / individuals who will buy IPRs and Insurance Institutions as guarantors as well as the legal culture of IPR SMEs.

Leveraging the use of history to advance international business research, this article focuses on the crucial debate over intellectual property rights (IPR) between the United States and China. Ironically, during the 19th century the United States was not a leading IPR advocate as it is today, but was a leading IPR violator. Developing an institution-based view of IPR history, we identify three underlying theoretical mechanisms that help to explain IPR in the two countries - path dependence, long-term processes, and institutional transitions. We argue that both the US refusal to protect foreign IPR in the 19th century and the current Chinese lack of enthusiasm to meet US IPR demands embody rational responses to their respective situations. However, given long-term processes with intensifying ¡somorphic pressures, institutional transitions in favor of better IPR protection are quite possible. Finally, going above and beyond these two countries, we draw on the IPR history in over ten other countries to develop a more globally generalizable framework, which in turn contributes to the key question of how history matters.

Purpose — This paper aims to develop a substantively Sharīʿah-compliant alternative to the existing ISDA/IIFM Islamic Profit Rate Swap (IPRS) framework, which relies on corresponding promises (waʿd) and repetitive commodity murābaḥah (tawarruq) transactions. It seeks to preserve the hedging functionality while strengthening the asset linkage, minimising reliance on debated contractual devices, and promoting closer alignment with the objectives (maqāṣid) of Islamic finance. Design/Methodology/Approach — The study adopts a conceptual, doctrinal and comparative Sharīʿah-based methodology. It undertakes a structured analysis of the ISDA/IIFM IPRS in light of relevant AAOIFI Sharīʿah Standards and maqāṣid-oriented principles, identifying areas of juristic and structural tension. Building on this assessment, the paper evaluates a hybrid structure that integrates murābaḥah and wakālah contracts that are executed at inception. Findings — The proposed model replicates swap cashflows through executed murābaḥah and wakālah contracts rather than back-to-back undertakings, eliminates organised tawarruq, anchors transactions in real assets, and replaces mark-to-market liquidated damages in case of early termination with takhāruj-based settlement, ensuring stronger Sharīʿah alignment and operational efficiency. Originality/Value — This study advances Islamic derivatives by introducing a murābaḥah–wakālah model that enhances Sharīʿah authenticity and links hedging activities to real economic assets. Research Limitations — The accounting classification and measurement of the proposed murābaḥah–wakālah structure, including its eligibility for hedge accounting and balance sheet treatment under IFRS, as well as the legal enforceability of its close-out takhāruj mechanisms across jurisdictions, require further detailed examination prior to practical implementation. Practical Implications — The proposed framework provides Islamic banks, regulators, and Sharīʿah boards with a practical blueprint for developing hedging tools that enhance governance and link finance to real economic activity. Keywords — Islamic derivatives, Islamic Profit Rate Swap (IPRS), Murābaḥah, Risk management, Takhāruj (mutual buyout at exit), Wakālah

In this article, we address several limitations of prior international business studies that investigate how and why intellectual property rights (IPR) institutions evolve in ways of consequence to multinationals. To do this, we develop a dynamic stakeholder-based view (SBV) of micro- and macroprocesses shaping the evolution of formal institutions. The SBV microprocesses include (1) establishment of endogenous and exogenous stakeholders, (2) formation of stakeholders’ interests, (3) evaluation of stakeholders’ salience, (4) governance of the focal institution, and (5) interpretation of the impacts from institutional governance. The SBV macroprocesses include (1) feedback loops among the micro-processes and (2) the stickiness of each stakeholder process. We demonstrate the explanatory power of our framework by offering historical examples of how and why the SBV processes have shaped the heterogeneous evolution of IPR institutions in China, the US, and other countries. We argue that IPR institutions, despite experiencing significant convergence in places, will continue to diverge across countries in ways of consequence to multinationals due to the stickiness of stakeholder processes. We also illustrate that the third SBV micro-process, evaluation of stakeholders’ salience, most immediately explains IPR institutions’ evolution. Our work challenges recent assertions about the evolution of IPR institutions and what this means for multinational firms doing business across borders.

Relative concentrations of six isomeric Eu@C 72 —one based on the IPR C 72 cage (i.e., obeying the isolated-pentagon rule, IPR), two cages with a pentagon–pentagon junction (symmetries C 2 and C 2 v ), a cage with one heptagon, a cage with two heptagons, and a cage with two pentagon–pentagon fusions—are DFT computed using the Gibbs energy in a broad temperature interval. It is shown that the two non-IPR isomers with one pentagon–pentagon junction prevail at any relevant temperature and exhibit comparable populations. The IPR-satisfying structure is disfavored by both energy and entropy.