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PurposeDrawing on indigenous theory of Ibn Khaldun, the rise and fall of States, this paper explores the agency of women entrepreneurs in family business in Bahrain and the underlying enablers in supporting and facilitating the exercise of this agency. This study attempts to move beyond the Western-centric studies to reflect and bring to light the unique institutional settings of the Gulf States.Design/methodology/approachThe research builds on a rich qualitative single case of a family business based in Bahrain. The single case study methodology was motivated by the potential for generating rich contextual insights. Such an approach is particularly valuable to gain a more holistic and deeper understanding of the contextualized phenomenon and its complexity.FindingsIn this study the authors show how women entrepreneurs take two different paths to enter and become involved in the family business, the barriers they are subjected to and the active role they play in dismantling the challenges to the extent that they become the main mediators between the family business and central institutions in society.Originality/valueBy incorporating indigenous theory with Western family business concepts, the study extends existing understanding of women entrepreneurs in family business by underscoring the agency that women entrepreneurs have in “doing context” and the role that women play in strengthening common cause and destiny within the family and the business by building and drawing on different forms of loyalty.

The historian Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406) is most often treated by historians of philosophy as part of the story of political philosophy in the Islamic world. While this is perfectly legitimate, it may be misleading when it comes to the question of the method he proposes for the historian. This paper argues that that method is in fact based on a different branch of (Aristotelian) science: natural philosophy. After rendering this proposition initially plausible by noting frequent references to \"nature\" in the Muqaddima , the paper discusses a number of parallels between natural philosophy and history as Ibn Khaldūn conceives it. Ultimately it is suggested that this method is legitimated insofar as history is for Ibn Khaldūn a study of human nature.

Purpose: This paper is an empirical study related to Islamic Leadership. Based on Surah Al-Qasas verse 26, the concept of Islamic leadership has been expanded and producing a research gap that focuses on Al-Qasas Islamic Leadership. The two main pillars of Al-Qasas Islamic leadership are Al-Quwwah, which is strength, and Al-Amanah, which is trustworthy. This paper Objective of this paper is to identify the level of core elements of Al-Qasas Islamic leadership among academic leaders. Methodology: A quantitative study in the form of a survey was conducted, where questionnaires were distributed to 339 academic leaders at two public universities in Johor. The data obtained was analyzed using the software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The findings of the study were obtained based on the research instruments, namely Islamic Leadership and Institutional Commitment of Academic Leaders (KISKIP). Findings: The findings of the study show that the core level of Islamic leadership of Al-Quwwah and Al-Amanah of academic leaders is at a high level. The dominant element is the strength of the soul and maintaining the relationship with Allah SWT. Practical implications: By applying the main core of Al-Qasas Islamic leadership, it helps to assist the higher education institutions and government agencies in making the selection and appointment of the best academic leaders who are capable and authoritative. Keywords: Al-Qasas Islamic Leadership, Al-Quwwah, Al-Amanah, Academic Leaders

In the first volume of Capital, Marx argued that the labor theory of value could only be discovered in capitalist societies. Building on Marx’s premise, this article examines Ibn Khaldun’s (1377) The Muqaddimah, which presents one of the first labor theories of value in world history. After explaining different elements of Ibn Khaldun’s labor theory of value, the article revisits what Giovanni Arrighi referred to as the “nondebates of the 1970s” and proposes that North Africa was already incorporated into an Italian centered capitalist world-economy in the fourteenth century. Since a key element of Marx’s argument was the impossibility of the emergence of abstract labor in societies (e.g. ancient Greece) which do not have the idea of equality of human beings and human labor, in the latter part, the article analyzes Ibn Khaldun’s theory of race and human equality. We show that Ibn Khaldun, through his comparative and historical observations, acknowledged the equality of all humans and the constructed nature of race, influenced by geography, history, and political economy. The world-historical analysis and theoretical interventions of the article helps us rethink capitalism and racism as two major pillars of modernity.

This article examines Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy through the lens of contemporary childrens geographies. Drawing on his reflections in the Mugaddimah, we analyze historical teaching practices in medieval North Africa and Muslim Spain, focusing on their implications for child development, spatial learning, and moral formation. Through thematic interpretation and comparative visualization, we explore how Ibn Khaldun's insights resonate with modern educational frameworks such as dynamic assessment, child agency, and spatial autonomy. Rather than modernizing his work, we position it as a conceptual anchor that invites critical reflection on how tradition, geography, and education intersect. This paper offers a culturally grounded and geographically sensitive perspective on education, one that values children not only as recipients of knowledge but as active participants in shaping their learning environments.

This work aims to present key concepts, ideas, and events that can be derived mainly from Ibn Khaldun's chapter on economic life, which he captures with the heading, Chapter on Making a Living (ma 'āsh). Justifying this undertaking is the significance of Ibn Khaldun's contributions, the scarcity of translations of his work, and the dependency of secondary interpretive works on a single English translation. While a reading of Ibn Khaldun's economic philosophy through a textual analysis of the primary sources remains the focus of this work, a sampling of the interpretive and translation works is also presented here in order to understand the level of engagement of non-Arabic scholars with Ibn Khaldun's work and as a frame of mind with which economic philosophers and social historians might engage.

Throughout history, civilizations have served as the highest level of human progress, and just like countries, empires or societies, they have always been prone to rise and fall. As a result, attempts to understand their dynamics, formation, and decline have been significantly important for sociologists, politicians, anthropologists and historians, both recently and in the past. One of those was the Islamic scholar Abdurrahman Ibn Khaldun, who tried in his book \"Muqaddimah\" to explain the rise and fall of states, and despite the uniqueness and distinction of his proposition, Ibn Khaldun's contributions confined to the temporal-spatial context that Ibn Khaldun tried to explore, and his theory has not been developed to explain the civilizational dynamics, especially the Islamic civilization. This matter has been noticed by Malik Bennabi, who succeeded in making remarkably systematic contributions to the topic. Through relying on the psycho-sociological essence of Ibn Khaldun's theory. So that, this paper attempts to present some insights from psycho-sociological approach of Malik Bennabi in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations, compared to some Western theories that have addressed the relative topics.

This article will compare the ways in which tyranny has been interpreted by two renowned Muslim political thinkers, Alfarabi and Ibn Khaldun. In particular, their divergence on the topic of tyranny reveals a striking divide between contending approaches in political thought, those of philosophical idealism (Alfarabi) and empiricism (Ibn Khaldun).

This article argues against the depiction of Ibn Khaldūn as someone whose preoccupation and credulity regarding mysticism or the occult diminish the rationalism and reformism of his thought, rendering it irrelevant to our concerns today. Instead, it argues that he consistently tries to steer his readers away from such pursuits by exposing them as fake when possible, or—in cases where their reality is attested to by unimpeachable religious sources—by highlighting the dangers they pose to both religion and state.

PurposeSustainable development is an attempt to achieve three competing aims: economic development, social justice and environmental conservation. Localising sustainable development in the Arabian city might require a framework that originates from its reality manifested in the region’s history, culture and religion. Ibn Khaldun’s model seems suitable for planning a sustainable city in the Arab world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss suitability of Ibn Khaldun’s writing to localising sustainable development in the Arabian cities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used a qualitative research methodology. The researcher investigated the writings of Ibn Khaldun and other scholars who studied his work to derive lessons for planning the sustainable Arab city.FindingsMany of Ibn Khaldun’s concepts lost their accuracy, meanings and intentions in the course of translating his work. Ibn Khaldun’s writings can be the source from which scholars, planners and city administrators derive lessons to assure the sustainable development of human settlements, particularly in the Arab region. The writings of Ibn Khaldun are relevant to the Arab countries. His writings are sensitive to the realities of the Arab world, including geography, environment, history, religion and culture. His writings can support efforts for localising sustinable development in the Arabian cities.Originality/valueInterrogating Ibn Khaldun’s writings can enable scholars, planners, architects and city administrators to elaborate and implement plans for the sustainable Arabian city. The findings of the paper assure that Ibn Khaldun’s analysis is suitable for addressing the urban ills of the contemporary Arabian metropolis as they were in his time.