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"Ice skating."
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Assessment of Three-Dimensional Kinematics of High- and Low-Calibre Hockey Skaters on Synthetic Ice Using Wearable Sensors
Hockey skating objective assessment can help coaches detect players’ performance drop early and avoid fatigue-induced injuries. This study aimed to calculate and experimentally validate the 3D angles of lower limb joints of hockey skaters obtained by inertial measurement units and explore the effectiveness of the on-ice distinctive features measured using these wearable sensors in differentiating low- and high-calibre skaters. Twelve able-bodied individuals, six high-calibre and six low-calibre skaters, were recruited to skate forward on a synthetic ice surface. Five IMUs were placed on their dominant leg and pelvis. The 3D lower-limb joint angles were obtained by IMUs and experimentally validated against those obtained by a motion capture system with a maximum root mean square error of 5 deg. Additionally, among twelve joint angle-based distinctive features identified in other on-ice studies, only three were significantly different (p-value < 0.05) between high- and low-calibre skaters in this synthetic ice experiment. This study thus indicated that skating on synthetic ice alters the skating patterns such that the on-ice distinctive features can no longer differentiate between low- and high-calibre skating joint angles. This wearable technology has the potential to help skating coaches keep track of the players’ progress by assessing the skaters’ performance, wheresoever.
Journal Article
764 EP074 – Establishing an injury monitoring system for youth athletes in the German ice skating union
BackgroundHigh training loads and sport specific internal risk factors from an early age can lead to serious acute and overuse injuries. Nevertheless, there is almost no system for monitoring and preventing injuries in junior figure skating in Germany.ObjectiveDevelopment of an injury surveillance system, taking context of junior elite sports within the German Figure Skating Union into accountDesignQualitative research including literature review and survey amongst experts and development of a theoretical approach for the German Ice Skating Association to set up an injury surveillance system.SettingN/AParticipantsNational and athletic coaches, medical staffInterventionsA qualitative study aimed to develop injury surveillance, aetiology and mechanisms of injury. Injuries, relevant factors and context were further explored through interviews and surveys.Main Outcome MeasurementsSystematic literature analysis for epidemiological studies, interview and survey.ResultsLiterature reveals an increase in incidence of figure skating injuries. However, there is a lack of literature for junior athletes. After evaluating interviews and surveys of coaches and doctors, a strategy for continuous, standardized and complete assessment of sport-specific injury data for German figure skaters was developed.In an annual injury report, coaches can view injury frequency, most common injuries and injury mechanisms and receive recommendations for injury prevention measures. Prevention measures could be mandatory protective gear in certain situations, rule adaptations or training interventions (foot and ankle stabilization or leg axis training). Additionally, assessing of training load (number of jumps etc.) could be helpful in preventing overuse injuries especially in junior single skaters.ConclusionsWith this injury surveillance system, the German Ice Skating Union could monitor injury in young figure skaters and adapt training recommendations or increase the safety of athletes in training or competitive situations. The system will be tested and evaluated within the next 3 years.
Journal Article
Kate skates
When Kate gets new, big kids' ice skates and gives her old ones to her little sister, she is surprised that the new ones are much harder to use.
Book
Consequences of lake and river ice loss on cultural ecosystem services
People extensively use lakes and rivers covered by seasonal ice. Although ice cover duration has been declining over the past 150 years for Northern Hemisphere freshwaters, we know relatively little about how ice loss directly affects humans. Here, we synthesize the cultural ecosystem services (i.e., services that provide intangible or nonmaterial benefits) and associated benefits supported by inland ice. We also provide, for the first time, empirical examples that give quantitative evidence for a winter warming effect on a wide range of ice‐related cultural ecosystem services and benefits. We show that in recent decades, warmer air temperatures delayed the opening date of winter ice roads and led to cancellations of spiritual ceremonies, outdoor ice skating races, and ice fishing tournaments. Additionally, our synthesis effort suggests unexploited data sets that allow for the use of integrative approaches to evaluate the interplay between inland ice loss and society.
Journal Article
Spin it figure skating
Learn about the jumps, maneuvers, and techniques that are at the heart of figure skating, as well as how top skaters prepare for competition and how they are judged.
Book
Bone density, microarchitecture and strength in elite figure skaters is discipline dependent
In elite figure skaters, to determine if there was a difference in volumetric bone mineral density and bone strength between 1) figure skaters and population-based normative data, 2) single or pair skaters and ice dancers, and 3) the landing and takeoff legs.
Cross-sectional.
Figure skaters had their non-dominant distal radius and bilateral tibia scanned using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Volumetric bone mineral density was determined at the total, cortical and trabecular compartments, and finite element analysis estimated bone strength. Normative data was used to compare the total bone mineral density of figure skaters to a population-based cohort. Independent t-tests compared differences between skating discipline, and paired t-tests compared skeletal parameters for the landing and takeoff leg.
Twenty elite skaters (mean age 22 ± 6.2; female = 11, male = 9) completed scans. Compared with the general population, the mean percentile rank for skaters' total volumetric bone mineral density was below normal at the radius (27th percentile) and normal at the tibia (54th percentile). Single or pair skaters had more robust bone in the landing compared with their takeoff leg. Specifically, the landing leg had higher total bone mineral density (2.8%) and trabecular bone mineral density (6.5%), and superior bone strength (8.5%) than the takeoff leg (p < 0.05).
Volumetric bone mineral density and strength differences in figure skaters were discipline dependent. Side-to-side differences were observed in single and pair skaters where the landing leg is denser, larger and stronger than the takeoff leg.
Journal Article
Figure skating
An introduction to \"men's and women's singles program, ice dancing, pairs skating, and the team figure skating events, [including] a primer to some rules and athletes that may participate in the Winter Olympic Games\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Differences in Lower Body Kinematics during Forward Treadmill Skating Between Two Different Hockey Skate Designs
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in ankle flexibility and skating technique between a traditional hockey skate boot and a hockey skate boot with a flexible rear tendon guard. Skating technique was further investigated at different speeds to give insight on how skating technique alters as skating speed is increased. Methods: Eight elite hockey players were selected for the present study, which was conducted while skating on an Endless Ice Skating Treadmill. Variables were recorded using a three-camera setup and measured from video records at five selected treadmill speeds using the Dartfish Team Pro v6 software. Kinematic variables were then compared between the two skate designs with a doubly multivariate repeated measures design. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Post hoc univariate tests comparing skate designs displayed significant increases in plantar flexion, plantar flexion angular velocity, hip extension, hip extension angular velocity, stride length, and stride velocity while participants were wearing the skates that had a flexible rear tendon guard. Significant increases were also displayed in plantar flexion, plantar flexion angular velocity, knee extension, knee extension angular velocity, hip extension, hip extension angular velocity, hip abduction range of motion, hip abduction angular velocity, stride width, stride length, and stride velocity as the treadmill speed increased. There was also a significant decrease in the time the skate was in contact with the treadmill as treadmill speed increased. Conclusion: The results suggested that while skating forward, hockey players could improve their hockey skating technique by using hockey skates that have a flexible rear tendon guard. This flexible tendon guard improved skating technique by increasing the time of force application to the ice by increasing the range of ankle plantar flexion during propulsion of the forward skating stride.
Journal Article